Ecology
Unit 2
Date Entry 5
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GUY_-LK_lOc&feature=related
•Define Ecology (Look back at Unit 1 if you need help)
•Pick a environment
•List 10 living factors and 5 non-living factors found in this environment
•Make a prediction what the term INTERDEPENDENCE means.
Imprinting- young animals
recognizing and following the first moving object they see – urge to follow is innate, what to follow is learned
Warm-up Dec. 14th #65Classical
conditioning- animal makes a connection between a stimulus and a reward or punishment; a.k.a “learning by association”
Warm-up 2/1 Entry 7
Biotic (living)relating to,
produced by, or caused by living
organisms.
Abioticnon-living chemical and physical factors in the environment,
like sun, water, rocks, temperature
Lion King Video Clip- at 9 mins.
“When we die our bodies become the grass, and the antelope eat the grass, and so we are all connected in the great circle of life”
Levels of the Biosphere
Biosphere: Area on earth where life exists
Biome: Areas of similar climate and vegetation
http://www.yellowtang.org/animations/organization.swf
Ecosystem: System formed by the interaction between biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors in a given area.
Biotic FactorsAnimalsPlantsBacteriaBiotic InteractionsSymbiontsCompetitionPredators
Abiotic FactorsWaterSoilTemperaturepHHumidity
Examples of ecosystems:
Can you think of an example?
Levels of Biosphere
Community: Interaction of biotic factors
Population: Group of individuals of the same species that occupy the same community/ecosystem
Niche: Total way of life
Includes = habitat, resource needs, symbiotic relationships,
Trophic Levels = Levels of Feeding
Producers: Produce food for themselves
Consumers: Must take in food
Herbivores: primary consumers (eat plants)
Omnivores: eat at many levels (plants and animals)
Secondary and Tertiary: may be carnivore (eats animals) or omnivore
Decomposers: break down wastes and dead organisms and return nutrients to the soil
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cWhXKhh8xo&feature=related
Ecological Efficiency
Energy Lost
10,000cal
1,000cal
100cal
10 cal
10% rule: only 10% of available energy is passed to the next trophic level
Ticket out the Door1.Organize the following from smallest to
largestcommunity, biosphere, ecosystem, population, biome
2.What abiotic factors would a maple tree require?
3. What types of interactions would be observed in a community?
4. What is difference between a community and population?
Ticket out the Door1. What do the arrows
represent in a food web?
2.Where would the greatest available energy be found in a food web?
3.What happens to the energy in a food web as it moves from trophic level to trophic level?
4.What will happen to the rabbit population if the snakes are removed from the food web?
Use food web for question 4
Entry 7 2/3
Rotting Apple
Four friends argued about why an apple on the ground eventually rots away and disappears. This is what they said: Anna: “I think it is just something that happens over time”.
Selma: “I think small organisms use it for energy and building material”
Felicia: “I think the atoms and molecules in the apple break apart”.
Logan: “I think wind and water soften it, and it dissolves into the soil”.
Eli: “I think water and air rot it, then small animals come and eat the rest”.
Jack: “I think it gets old and breaks apart into pieces too small to see”.
Write out the statement from the student that you agree with. Describe your thinking. Provide an explanation for your answer.
Warm-up Dec. 17th #661. What do the arrows
represent in a food web?
2.Where would the greatest available energy be found in a food web?
3.What happens to the energy in a food web as it moves from trophic level to trophic level?
4.What will happen to the rabbit population if the snakes are removed from the food web?
Use food web for question 4
Warm-up Feb. 4th Entry 8
Create a metaphor/simile using the levels of the biosphere.
Levels of Biosphere AnalogyMeaning
Biosphere Biosphere is like ______ because ______
Biome
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Niche/Individual
Warm-Up Feb. 4th Entry 8Ecosystem
an area that contains organisms (e.g., plants,
animals, bacteria) interacting with one
another and their non-living environment.
Ecosystems can be of any size (e.g., forest, meadow, and log).
Producer An organism that obtains
its energy by using sunlight, CO2 and H20 to
synthesize
Carbohydrates (sugars)
Examples include: plants and algae
Carbon cartoon
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U3SZKJVKRxQ
Biogeochemical Cycles
Water CycleEnters through
precipitation or infiltration
Exits through evaporation or transpiration
Biogeochemical Cycles
Carbon CyclePowered by respiration and photosynthesisHumans influence by burning fossil fuels
Biogeochemical Cycles
Oxygen CycleDriven by
photosynthesis Led to
development of Ozone layer and today’s atmospher
Oxygen is consumed through respiration and decay
Biogeochemical Cycles
Nitrogen CycleBacteria are
responsible for converting nitrogen gas to usable forms
Nitrogen fixating bacteria:Nitrogen Fixation –
Bacteria chemically covert N2 to more useable forms, Examples: NH3
(ammonia) or NO3 -
(nitrate)
Biogeochemical Cycles
Denitrification – Bacteria chemically convert nitrate (NO3) back to N2
Importance of Nitrogen cycle: Nitrogen is essential for living organisms so they can build proteins
Carbon Cycle Game
As you use a colored pencil to draw arrows on YOUR carbon cycle game board, also WRITE down HOW you got there (information from the blue sheet) . This will help you later
EVERYONE should keep track of where they are on the GROUP game board (blue) and use a colored pencil to track your progress on your own game board
Use a DIFFERENT colored pencil for each cycle you complete.
ONE cycle is completed when you return back to the ATMOSPHERE
Ticket out the door
1.What two processes drive the carbon cycle?
2.What role do animals play in the carbon cycle?
3.What role do plants play in the carbon cycle?
4.What type of impact do humans have on the carbon cycle?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GNfv_7M-R8c
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5XfdTvL-0oA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNDG7WPtVO4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNDG7WPtVO4
1. What did the yellow balloons represent?________
2. What did the black balloons represent?_________
3. How many yellow balloons did we pop?________
4. Why did the bear have to pop the yellow ballo
5. Did the yellow balloon go through a complete cycle?_____
6. What does energy do?_______________
7. How many black balloons did we use?_______
8. In what form does the plant take in the carbon?_________
9. What does the plant do with the CO2?______________________________
10. In what form does the bear (animal) take in carbon?______________
11. Animals can only get carbon by….____________________________
12. In what form does the animal release carbon?______________
13. What does matter do?______________
14. Draw a picture on the back to represent the carbon cycle you saw in the demo. Include the plant, bear and atmosphere.
http://www.vtaide.com/png/symbiosis.htm
http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=xNm7dg3BiyU&feature=endscreen
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8YKAalZAqO4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GNfv_7M-R8c
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5XfdTvL-0oA
Warm-up Dec. 18th #67
Composting
Decomposers are a necessary part of a compost pile. Decomposersneed oxygen to decompose dead plants and animals. They give off carbon dioxide. Where does the carbon in the carbon dioxide come from?
Plants
You know that plants take in carbon dioxide and give off oxygen. What do you think happens to the carbon atom that was once in the carbon dioxide molecule?
Warm-up Feb. 5th Entry 9
PhotosynthesisA process used by plants to make their own food. It uses energy from the sun, CO2,
and H20 to make sugar (C6H12O6). Photosynthesis and respiration power
the carbon cycle. Carbon never goes away it gets
recycled in the environment and simply changes forms.
Carbon Cycle Demonstration
Draw a picture to represent the carbon cycle you saw in the demonstration.
Include the plant, pig and atmosphere. Indicate what FORM of carbon is present (carbon dioxide or sugar).
This picture should represent a CYCLE
What about NITROGEN?
Watch the video clip and write down 3 things you learn about the nitrogen cycle
Symbiosis Video clips
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TA7GvT2Isao
Brain pop
Write down ONE example of Each type of Symbiotic relationship
Biotic Relationships
Competition: A struggle for resources among organisms
Predator/Prey: Predator feeds upon another organism, Prey is organism being feed upon
Competition in animals
Competition in plants
Predator-Prey Graph
Biotic Relationships
Symbiosis: Living together in a permanent relationshipMutualism: (+,+)
both organisms benefit
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GNfv_7M-R8chttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5XfdTvL-0oAHippo spa
Biotic Relationships
Commensalism: (+,0) one organism benefits and the other not benefitted or harmed
Parasitism: (+, -) one organism benefits and the other is harmed
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNDG7WPtVO4Botfly
Warm-up Feb. 6th Entry 10
SymbiosisUse your notes or pg. 93 in the
textbook to write down a definition AND the three types of symbiosis
What is an INVASIVE Species??
Attack of the Asian Carp
Which graph best shows what is happening to the population of Asian carp in the mississippi watershed?
Population GrowthHow resources create specific carryingcapacities and populations are in dynamic equilibrium. Carrying Capacity:
The number of individuals an environment can support
Population Growth
Limiting factor Controls populationEx: Food, space, water
Disease AIDS, influenza, Dutch Elm disease, Pfiesteria
The Dutch elm disease fungus, Ophiostoma ulmi, grows and reproduces in the xylem of elm branches and stems. The fungus blocks water movement to tree leaves, which causes the leaves to wilt and turn brown.
What is Pfiesteria, and where is it found?Pfiesteria (fee-STEER-ee-uh) is a microscopic aquatic organism that might produce chemicals called toxins that injure or kill fish. However, these toxins have never been definitively identified. During the 1990s, Pfiesteria was blamed for fish kills on the Eastern coast from Delaware to North Carolina. It was reported to be a problem in the warmer months, usually between April and October, and only in areas where salt waters and fresh waters mix, such as estuaries, sounds, and rivers near the coast
Population GrowthJ-curve:
Period of “exponential” growth
S-curve: Population growth stabilizes as carrying capacity is reached
Population Growth J-curve: Period of
“exponential” growthS-curve: Population is limited by factors (resources) and carrying capacity is reached
Carrying capacity is the total number or organisms the environment can support
Warm- up Feb. 7th ENTRY #11
Test Correction Instructions
REWRITE the question into a complete sentence using the CORRECT answer. If there is a graph or picture, redraw it and explain using the question and correct answer.
Question 13 should be answer C (I will give points back if marked wrong)
Example:
1. A controlled experiment allows the scientist to isolate and test
A. a conclusion c. several hypotheses
B. mass of information d. one variable at a time
A controlled experiment allows the scientist to isolate and test one variable at a time.
Ticket out the door1. What two processes drive the carbon cycle?2.What role do animals play in the carbon cycle?3.What role do plants play in the carbon cycle?4.What type of impact do humans have on the carbon cycle?5. What organism is important for the NITROGEN cycle?6. A friend of yours is always cheating off of your
paper and you get caught and punished but your friend gets an A. What type of symbiotic relationship could this represent?
Warm-up Dec. 19th #68ANSWER in COMPLETE SENTENCES
2.What factors keep a population at carryingcapacity?
3.What would the graph look like if a populationhad a unlimited supply of resources?
4.How can a predator-prey relationship help maintain carrying capacity of an ecosystem?
Ticket out the Door
1.A friend of yours is always cheating off of your paper and you get caught and punished but your friend gets an A. What type of symbiotic relationship could this represent?
2.What factors keep a population at carryingcapacity?
3.What would the graph look like if a populationhad a unlimited supply of resources?
4.How can a predator-prey relationship help maintain carrying capacity of an ecosystem?
Ticket IN the Door
Half Sheet of Paper on Desk
Technology
GPS: Global Positioning SystemGIS: Geographic
Information Systems – to store, manage, and integrate data
Mark/Recapture: Animals captured, tagged, released, and then recaptured
Use of GIS: Bird banding for mark/recapture
Technology
Quadrant Analysis: A small section of a large area that reduces the space that a scientist must analyze
Water/Soil Analysis:
sampling techniques to determine chemical or physical properties
Ticket out the Door
1.Give an example when a quadrant analysis would be a useful technique to use?
2.Give an example when mark and recapture would be useful?
3. Why would take water samples be important?
Biosphere Squares – Day 3
Instructions: In the Biome section of your drawing illustrate the Carbon Cycle.
You will need to include the process of photosynthesis and respiration. You will also need to include how
humans and decomposers play a role in the carbon cycle.
Biosphere Squares – Day 4
Instructions: In the community section of your drawing you will illustrate 2 Biotic relationships1.One Biotic relationship must be a type of symbiotic relationship (parasitism, commensalism, mutualism) 2.The second biotic relationship can be predator-prey relationship or competition for resources.
Flashcard Warm-up
Bioticrelating to,
produced by, or caused by living
organisms.
My picture:
My sentence:
Abioticnon-living chemical
and physical factors in the environment.
My picture:My sentence:
Flashcard Warm-Up
Ecosystem an area that contains organisms (e.g., plants,
animals, bacteria) interacting with one
another and their non-living environment.
Ecosystems can be of any size (e.g., forest, meadow, and log).
My picture:
My sentence:
Producer An organism that obtains
its energy by using sunlight, CO2 and H20 to
synthesize
Carbohydrates (sugars)
Examples include: plants and algae
My picture:
My sentence:
Flashcard Warm-Up
Autotrophan organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and produce their own
food (ex. plants, algae);also known as producersMy picture:
My sentence:
Heterotroph organisms that obtains energy from the food
it consumes; also known as a consumerMy picture:
My sentence:
Flashcard Warm-up
PhotosynthesisA process used by plants to make their own food. It
uses energy from the sun, CO2, and H20. Photosynthesis and respiration power the carbon cycle. (Rewrite the definition of respiration here:
from unit 1)
My picture:
My sentence:
More people Bubble Chart
MORE people might mean….
Collect news articles and opinion pieces on human population trends and related environmental and social issues, or world population reaching seven billion in 2011.
ONE global , one LOCAL article about your topic
Cite your source on the index card. Write a summary on your card explaining the MAIN idea of the article. Add these to your bubble chart
Air pollution
Land use
Climate change
Migration/Immigration
Deforestation
Public health
Social security
Energy
Waste management
Food resources/Hunger
Water resources
Housing and homelessness
Economics
Resource use/Consumption
Endangered species
Top Related