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%: &co-#ystem #ervices'enets people o!tain from eco-
systems
&les
• rovisionary services: e.g. food and *ater
•
+egulating services: regulation of oods,draughts, diseases
• #upporting services: soil formation, nutrientcycling
•ultural services: recreation and spiritual
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%: &co-#ystem #ervices
#upply #ide emand #ide
/ncrease aspopulation andstandard ofliving increase
degradation inregard toprovidingservice
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': &cosystem #ervices !ecomescarce
+eason: lac$ of valuation hallenge: ac$no*ledgement of this value
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: hat is ecosystem servicesevaluation
1. %nthropogenic concept
2. "he *ell!eing of humanity and the *ell!eing
of earth are interdependent. &cosystem services have an economic value
'3" this is not the only focus for &#V
4. 5ature is vital for many reasons to humansurvival and *ell!eing
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: hat is ecosystem servicesevaluation
1. &cosystems have intrinsic and utilitarianvalue
&les:2. &6cient allocation
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/mportant goals for themanagement of ecosystem
services.1. %ssessing and ensuring that the scale or
magnitude of human activities aresustaina!le
2. istri!uting resources and property rightsfairly.
. &6ciently allocating the resourcesconstrained and dened !y 1 7 2 a!ove inorder to maimi8e utility.
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Valuation of eco system services must !eperformed
9rom multiple perspectives
3sing multiple methods
%gainst multiple goals
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9rame*or$ for &#V
&co-system structures and processes areinuenced !y !iophysical drivers
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ethodology for &V# +evealed preference approaches
1. ar$et methods
2. "ravel cost
. ;edonic methods
4. roduction approaches #tate preference approaches
1. ontingent valuation
2. on<oint analysis
ost-!ased approaches
1. +eplacement cost
2. %voidance cost
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;istory of &#V research 1=>0?s: ommon challenges !ut separate ans*ers
1=@0?s: 'rea$ing the disciplinary !oundaries - Aeorgescu
+oger
1=B0?s oving !eyond multi-disciplinary &#V research
%ttempt to !uild a common language for ecologicaland economic systems
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;istory of &#V research
1==0?s to present oving to*ards trans-disciplinary &#V
research1. on<oint analysis
2. eta analysis
. Aroup valuation
4. ultiple criterion decision analysis
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&#V in ractice
&#V in natural resource damage assessments
&#V in cost-!enet analysis C cost-eDectivenessanalysis frame*or$
&#V in natural capital accounting
&#V in payment for ecosystem services
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e!ate on the use of &#V
1. omparisons of natural capital to physical andhuman capital in regard to their contri!ution tohuman *elfare
2. onitor the Euantity and Euality of naturalcapital over time in regard to its contri!ution tohuman *elfare
. rovide for evaluation of pro<ects that enhance
or degrade natural capital