Eating Right, Living Well: Reducing the risk of diseasesAssoc Prof Dr Norimah A.Karim Dept of Nutrition and DieteticsFaculty of Allied Health SciencesUKM Kuala Lumpur
The problemMalaysian scene
Overweight vs obesity in MalaysiaMANS 2006Overweight = 27%Obese = 12%
NHMS III 2008Overweight = 29%Obese = 14%
BMI- Malaysian Adults Nutrition Survey (MANS,2006)
Chart1
9.7
49.3
26.7
12.2
BMI (kg/m2)
Prevalence (%)
Mean Weight
Table 1: Mean Weight by Socio-demographic Characteristics
CharacteristicMalaysiaMenWomen
Mean Weight95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationMean Weight95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationMean Weight95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated Population
(kg)LowerUpper(kg)LowerUpper(kg)LowerUpper
Malaysia62.6562.2063.096,77513,876,45666.5665.9167.2133347,186,44158.4457.8859.0034416,690,015
Zone
South64.4263.4665.381,2962,958,17268.1966.7469.646211,512,56460.3159.0161.616751,386,438
Central63.4062.5664.232,2745,291,93067.8066.6069.0011572,753,10558.6257.6159.6311172,538,825
East coast60.9159.7762.059181,580,84164.3962.7666.02450824,47957.1255.6058.64468756,362
North62.6761.6363.708711,833,88366.2264.8167.62417918,87359.1057.6960.52454915,010
Sabah58.9357.8660.017301,107,59762.9461.4364.46359568,66154.7053.2856.12371538,935
Sarawak60.6659.4361.886861,163,20463.7361.7465.72330608,75957.2955.8758.71356554,445
Strata
Urban63.3362.7163.9536138,249,45467.8566.9468.7618054,280,71858.4657.7259.2018083,968,736
Rural61.6461.0262.2631625,627,00264.6663.7965.5315292,905,72358.4257.5559.2916332,721,279
Ethnic Group
Malay63.4962.8464.1436337,531,61066.8665.8967.8218203,972,06259.7358.9260.5418133,559,548
Chinese62.5861.7763.3815633,475,73068.1767.0969.247521,766,29356.8055.7357.878111,709,437
Indian63.7862.4165.156201,347,23267.3265.2569.40298668,69760.2858.5861.99322678,535
Orang Asli PM48.9545.9052.002867,89751.9246.2857.561136,86645.4241.6249.231731,032
Bumiputera Sabah57.4255.9258.91394574,73962.2660.2664.25187275,84152.9551.1254.79207298,898
Bumiputera Sarawak58.0756.6559.49380603,43760.5858.5562.61191317,93655.2753.3757.16189285,500
Other Bumiputera59.2457.1061.38157275,81160.4357.6263.2375148,74657.8554.4461.2682127,065
Sex
Men66.5665.9167.2133347,186,441
Women58.4457.8859.0034416,690,016
Age Group
18-1955.8253.4658.184211,436,37859.3155.3363.28208734,96952.1750.0754.27213701,409
20-2961.3260.4962.1519714,096,53265.5364.4166.659892,158,84156.6355.4857.789821,937,691
30-3964.1963.5164.8719333,551,79868.4467.5469.339181,848,24459.5858.6360.5310151,703,554
40-4965.1164.3565.8615382,887,75768.6667.6469.687651,474,24361.4060.3762.437731,413,514
50-5964.0363.0065.059121,903,99167.5766.1568.99454970,14360.3558.9761.73458933,848
Household Income
Less than RM150061.0060.3561.6535397,016,25363.7962.7864.8116433,451,55258.2957.5059.0818963,564,702
RM1500 - RM350064.4063.6665.1423094,857,84969.0568.0670.0412162,667,04858.7457.7459.7410932,190,801
More than RM350064.1663.1465.179272,002,35469.2767.8570.694751,067,84158.3157.0559.57452934,513
Educational Level
Primary school62.3861.5263.2414162,656,98263.8562.8064.896231,208,25861.1559.8462.477931,448,724
Lower secondary school (PMR)63.8763.0264.7314482,822,79666.5165.4567.587961,653,22260.1558.7761.526521,169,574
Upper secondary school (SPM)62.5061.7663.2422364,760,89066.9965.9468.0411312,510,77657.4956.5658.4211052,250,114
Matriculation/Form 659.9458.2761.61355779,60566.4763.7869.17139308,47955.6553.7357.58216471,126
College/University64.3662.8265.909562,157,77869.5967.3771.805481,291,65456.5755.0858.06408866,124
Others57.0155.3858.64356677,10258.5855.0162.1695208,47356.3154.5158.11261468,629
Occupational Group
Legislators, senior officials and managers69.6066.9672.24115276,40172.0669.1474.9792224,76058.9352.9964.852351,641
Professionals66.9665.2368.68426896,24572.1770.1074.25255558,68158.3256.0660.58171337,565
Technicians and allied professionals66.0964.8867.306731,424,94169.6768.1871.15418924,43959.5057.7261.28255500,502
Clerical59.9558.2561.66341645,01965.4962.9468.04118242,99256.6054.4958.72223402,027
Service, shop attendants, sales persons65.9564.6167.286731,324,25969.6168.0271.20416844,84159.5057.5361.46257479,417
Skilled workers in agriculture and fisheries60.0358.1861.88268503,45561.3459.0063.69196387,53055.6653.2258.0972115,924
Craft and related trades workers63.6462.3264.95465988,65264.9563.5166.39385825,05857.0254.2559.7980163,594
Plant and machine operators and assemblers63.9162.6365.195821,214,88166.3664.9967.73405832,92458.5755.8661.28177381,957
Manual workers62.1060.7963.417241,362,08963.1761.8464.50496956,89359.5856.5262.65228405,196
Army personnel71.6666.4676.873281,10071.7266.4077.033179,49568.9068.9068.9011,604
Retired68.6765.2072.1493211,71870.1166.6473.5880174,43661.9553.2270.671337,282
Students56.0154.4357.59328911,25860.6258.6562.59171464,23551.2249.3353.10157447,023
Housewives59.6958.9060.4816293,030,61260.4856.0064.951541,89659.6858.8860.4816142,988,716
Unemployed60.6956.3065.09265671,38164.8558.1971.50147403,43854.4451.3157.57118267,943
Others/refused to answer64.3861.6767.10150306,18965.6062.8268.39104214,31561.5455.2767.804691,874
Marital Status
Unmarried60.0058.9961.0018544,405,64563.6362.2964.9611262,732,97054.0652.7555.387281,672,675
Married64.0763.6164.5346818,886,77268.4067.7769.0321714,354,36759.9259.3060.5325104532405
Divorced58.9256.3761.4685212,82466.1461.5470.731339,68257.2754.4460.0972173142
Widow61.8459.4764.21150361,97566.4460.2272.662051,89461.0758.5863.56130310081
Nutritional Status
CED Class lll40.4139.1041.7380204,43642.5841.0644.1039116,84937.5335.9839.084187,587
CED Class ll42.6341.4543.81150320,22747.1145.8548.3760122,11039.8738.4441.3090198,117
CED Class l46.2745.6246.92398847,13549.6548.9250.37199431,65142.7642.0143.51199415,484
Normal56.4956.1856.8033666,985,08160.3059.8960.7017303,751,95552.0751.7452.4016363,233,126
Pre-obese70.0869.6370.5319073,786,83575.0274.5375.519762,058,75564.2063.7264.689311,728,080
Obese Class l81.2479.8282.676551,300,99789.5987.3391.84257546,12975.2174.4176.00398754,867
Obese Class ll91.7089.7293.68138288,51698.4294.71102.1348116,81287.1385.3788.8990171,703
Obese Class lll116.18109.92122.4472132,805126.10112.27139.942238,199112.17105.52118.835094,606
Mean Height
Table 2: Mean Height by Socio-demographic Characteristics
CharacteristicMalaysiaMenWomen
Mean Height (cm)95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationMean Height (cm)95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationMean Height (cm)95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated Population
LowerUpperLowerUpperLowerUpper
Malaysia160.25159.98160.51676913,870,311165.96165.66166.2633347,186,740154.10153.84154.3734356,683,571
Zone
South160.81160.24161.3812962,899,002166.85166.32167.396211,512,564154.22153.71154.736751,386,438
Central161.19160.73161.6622735,290,993166.87166.35167.3911562,752,167155.04154.60155.4811172,538,825
East Coast158.49157.73159.259121,574,848163.88162.80164.95450824,931152.57151.82153.31462749,918
North160.83160.13161.548711,833,883166.78166.00167.55417918,873154.86154.04155.69454915,010
Sabah157.47156.71158.247301,107,597162.95162.17163.74359568,661151.70150.99152.40371538,935
Sarawak158.64157.84159.446871,163,988164.06163.22164.90331609,544152.68151.87153.48356554,445
Strata
Urban161.16160.80161.5336138,249,454166.82166.42167.2218054,280,718155.06154.70155.4218083,968,736
Rural158.90158.53159.2831565,620,857164.70164.26165.1415292,906,022152.70152.32153.0816272,714,835
Ethnic Group
Malay159.76159.39160.1336277,526,517165.54165.16165.9318193,971,577153.29152.98153.6118083,554,941
Chinese162.68162.16163.1915633,475,730168.31167.72168.897521,766,293156.86156.27157.458111,709,437
Indian161.19160.36162.036211,348,017167.38166.49168.27299669,482155.09154.19155.99322678,535
Orang Asli PM149.58146.22152.952867,897151.66144.48158.831136,866147.12145.14149.101731,032
Bumiputra Sabah156.16155.22157.10393572,902161.99161.02162.95187275,841150.75149.84151.65206297,061
Bumiputra Sarawak156.01155.06156.97380603,437161.18160.08162.27191317,936150.26149.35151.16189285,500
Other natives158.79157.07160.52157275,811164.07162.51165.6275148,746152.62151.09154.1482127,065
Sex
Men165.96165.66166.2633347,186,740
Women154.10153.84154.3734356,683,571
Age Group
18-19161.15159.95162.344211,436,378166.44164.83168.04208734969155.61154.49156.72213701409
20-29161.24160.77161.7119704,096,264167.01166.52167.509902161113154.79154.33155.269801935151
30-39160.38159.95160.8119323,550,440166.09165.62166.569181848244154.18153.77154.5910141702196
40-49159.62159.13160.1115382,888,811165.61165.08166.147671476250153.35152.88153.837711412561
50-59158.14157.40158.889081,898,417163.55162.69164.41451966163152.53151.67153.40457932254
Household Income
Less than RM1500158.72158.34159.1135337,010,261164.64164.19165.0916433,452,003152.98152.64153.3218903,558,257
RM1500 RM3500161.50161.09161.9223094,857,697166.79166.35167.2212162,666,896155.07154.60155.5410932,190,801
More than RM3500162.55161.80163.309272,002,354168.17167.29169.054751,067,841156.13155.40156.85452934,513
Educational Level
Primary school157.23156.72157.7314122,651,863163.21162.66163.756211,205,216152.25151.74152.757911,446,647
Lower secondary school (PMR)160.84160.33161.3514472,822,191165.53165.03166.037971,654,445154.20153.54154.876501,167,746
Upper secondary school (SPM)160.90160.47161.3322374,763,244166.51166.04166.9811332,513,833154.63154.23155.0411042,249,412
Matriculation/Form 6160.15159.16161.13355779,605167.45166.22168.68139308,479155.37154.33156.40216471,126
College/University164.00163.24164.749552,155,941168.53167.66169.395481,291,654157.22156.40158.05407864,287
Others153.34152.13154.54355676,165160.78157.63163.9394207,536150.04149.22150.86261468,629
Occupational Group
Legislators, senior officials and managers166.63164.87168.38115276,401168.83166.99170.6892224,760157.03154.76159.292351,641
Professionals163.22162.13164.31426896,245167.38165.94168.82255558,681156.32155.37157.28171337,565
Technician and allied professionals163.05162.33163.766721,423,104167.08166.35167.80418924,439155.57154.76156.39254498,665
Clerical159.50158.54160.46341645,019165.61164.27166.95118242,992155.81154.87156.75223402,027
Service, shop attendants, sales person162.54161.85163.236721,323,654166.88166.22167.53415844,237154.91154.01155.80257479,417
Skilled workers in agriculture and fisheries160.03158.41161.64267501,017162.98161.08164.88195385,093150.21148.63151.7972115,924
Craft and related trades workers163.57162.75164.40466990,924165.68164.97166.39386827330152.93151.29154.5680163594
Plant and machine operators and assemblers162.19161.40162.985831,216,103165.68164.95166.40406834146154.57153.29155.84177381957
Manual workers160.14159.40160.887241,361,516163.80163.13164.46497957678151.45150.63152.28227403838
Army personnel167.90166.21169.593281,100168.08166.41169.753179495158.95158.90158.9511604
Retired162.53161.00164.0693211,718163.95162.59165.3280174436155.88153.04158.721337282
Students162.23160.93163.52328911,258167.64166.21169.08171464235156.60155.29157.92157447023
Housewives153.26152.86153.6516253,027,362159.41152.90165.931541896153.17153.79153.5516102985466
Unemployed162.46160.81164.11264670,444167.17165.34169.01146402501155.38153.84156.92118267943
Others/refused to answer161.58160.24162.93150306,189164.65163.32165.98104214315154.44152.52156.364691874
Marital Status
Unmarried162.73162.20163.2618534,403,808167.02166.44167.6011262732970155.70155.08156.327271670838
Married159.36159.07159.6546768,881,129165.32164.99165.6521714353332153.62153.33153.9225054527797
Divorced156.43154.28158.5885212,824167.87163.66172.091339682153.80152.10155.5072173142
Widow153.97152.75155.19149361,038162.17159.09165.251950957152.62151.56153.68130310081
Nutritional Status
CED Class lll162.70160.44164.9680204,436166.84164.43169.2539116,849157.17154.07160.264187,587
CED Class ll160.25158.01162.50150320,227168.81166.49171.1260122,110154.98152.32157.6590198,117
CED Class l160.81159.70161.92398847,135166.57165.41167.73199431,651154.82153.44156.20199415,484
Normal160.51160.15160.8733666,985,081165.78165.37166.1917303,751,955154.40154.05154.7516363,233,126
Pre-obese160.33159.86160.8019073,786,835165.97165.51166.449762,058,755153.61153.11154.129311,728,080
Obese Class l158.91157.83160.006551,300,997166.93165.49168.37257546,129153.11152.47153.75398754,867
Obese Class ll157.84156.15159.54138288,516163.90160.62167.1748116,812153.73152.40155.0690171,703
Obese Class lll154.50150.85158.1672132,805156.54144.56168.512238,199153.69151.94155.435094,606
Mean BMI
Table 3 : Mean BMI by Socio-demographic Characteristics
MalaysiaMenWomen
CharacteristicMean BMI95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationMean BMI95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationMean BMI95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated Population
(kg/m)LowerUpper(kg/m)LowerUpper(kg/m)LowerUpper
Malaysia24.3724.2124.53676613,866,03224.1523.9324.373331718246124.6124.3824.8434356683571
Zone
South24.8824.5225.2512962,899,00224.4523.9624.936211,512,56425.3624.8325.896751,386,438
Central24.4024.1124.6922735,290,99324.3923.9924.8011562,752,16724.4123.9924.8311172,538,825
East Coast24.2123.8324.599101,571,35423.9323.4624.40448821,43624.5123.9025.12462749,918
North24.2223.8424.608711,833,88323.7923.2924.28417918,87324.6524.0725.22454915,010
Sabah23.7023.3124.097301,107,59723.6623.1324.19359568,66123.7423.1624.31371538,935
Sarawak24.0823.6024.556861,163,20423.6222.9324.31330608,75924.5823.9625.20356554,445
Strata
Urban24.3724.1524.5836138,249,45424.3924.0824.6918054,280,71824.3524.0324.6618083,968,736
Rural24.3824.1624.6031535,616,57823.8023.5124.0915262,901,74325.0024.6625.3316272,714,835
Ethnic Group
Malay24.8624.6325.0936257,523,02324.3924.0724.7118173,968,08225.3925.0625.7118083,554,941
Chinese23.6023.3123.8915633,475,73024.0623.6924.437521,766,29323.1322.6723.588111,709,437
Indian24.5424.0525.036201,347,23224.0223.3024.73298668,69725.0524.4025.71322678,535
Orang Asli PM21.8320.7122.952867,89722.5421.2323.851136,86620.9919.3022.681731,032
Bumiputera Sabah23.5122.9724.04393572,90223.7223.0024.45187275,84123.3122.5224.09206297,061
Bumiputera Sarawak23.8223.2824.36380603,43723.2722.5823.96191317,93624.4423.6225.26189285,500
Other Bumiputera23.5222.5724.47157275,81122.4121.4423.3875148,74624.8223.4226.2282127,065
Sex
Men24.1523.9324.3733317182461
Women24.6124.3824.8434356683571
Age Group
18-1921.4020.7122.104211,436,37821.3220.1922.46208734,96921.4920.7022.27213701,409
20-2923.5323.2423.8319694,093,99223.4423.0723.829892,158,84123.6323.1724.109801,935,151
30-3924.9124.7025.1419323,550,44024.7824.4925.079181,848,24425.0424.6725.4210141,702,196
40-4925.5325.2625.8015362,886,80424.9924.6525.337651,474,24326.0925.6726.527711,412,561
50-5925.6625.2226.119081,898,41725.3824.7226.04451966,16325.9525.3526.55457932,254
Household Income
Less than RM150024.2023.9724.423531700676623.5023.1923.8116413,448,50924.8724.5625.1818903,558,257
RM1500 - RM350024.6424.3824.902308485691224.7924.4625.1112152,666,11124.4624.0324.8910932,190,801
More than RM350024.3323.9024.75927200235424.6423.9925.294751,067,84123.9723.4324.51452934,513
Educational Level
Primary school25.2724.9225.6214122,651,86323.9523.5824.316211,205,21626.3725.8326.927911,446,647
Lower secondary school24.6924.3725.0114462,820,96824.2723.8924.647961,653,22225.2924.7225.866501,167,746
Upper secondary school24.1023.8324.3722354,760,18824.1823.7924.5611312,510,77624.0123.6524.3811042,249,412
Matriculation/Form 623.2822.7523.81355779,60523.6322.8124.46139308,47923.0522.3823.72216471,126
College/University23.8523.3824.319552,155,94124.4923.8225.155481,291,65422.8922.3223.47407864,287
Others24.2223.5524.88355676,16422.6121.3623.8694207,53624.9324.2225.63261468,629
Occupational Group
Legislator, senior officials and managers25.0124.2325.78115276,40125.2524.4626.0492224,76023.9421.5226.372351,641
Professionals25.2424.4826.00426896,24526.0925.0127.16255558,68123.8422.9924.70171337,564
Technician, allied professionals24.7724.4025.156721,423,10424.8924.4425.33418924,43924.5723.8925.24254498,665
Clerical23.4922.9124.07341645,01923.8822.9724.79118242,99223.2622.5024.01223402,027
Service, shop attendants, sales person24.9124.4625.366721,323,65424.9524.4325.48415844,23724.8324.0125.65257479,417
Skilled workers in agriculture & fisheries23.4322.8224.05267501,01723.0722.3723.76195385,09324.6523.5725.7472115,924
Craft and related trades workers23.8223.3424.29465988,65223.7023.1924.21385825,05824.4123.2225.6080163,594
Plant and machine operators & assemblers24.2823.8224.735821,214,88124.1823.6924.67405832,92424.4823.4925.47177381,957
Manual workers24.1923.7224.667231,360,73123.4923.0523.92496956,89325.8424.6827.00227403,838
Army personnel25.4423.5927.283281,10025.4023.5227.283179,49527.2727.2727.2711,604
Retired26.0024.7127.2993211,71826.0824.7727.3980174,43625.6321.6629.611337,282
Students21.2020.6821.73328911,25821.5320.7922.27171464,23520.8720.1321.60157447,023
Housewives25.4225.0825.7516253,027,36223.9821.6026.351541,89625.4425.1025.7816102,985,466
Unemployed22.8121.5924.03264670,44423.0021.1424.86146402,50122.5221.3223.72118267,943
Others/refused to answer24.6323.6625.58150306,18924.1223.2325.01104214,31525.7823.3828.194691,874
Marital Status
Unmarried22.5622.2422.8718534,403,80822.7522.3423.1611262,732,97022.2421.7622.737271,670,838
Married25.2125.0325.3846748,879,12225.0224.7925.2521694,351,32525.3825.1325.6425054,527,797
Divorced24.0823.0725.0885212,82423.5621.7825.351339,68224.1923.0425.3572173,142
Widow26.1425.1427.15149361,03825.2723.0327.521950,95726.2825.1727.40130310,081
Nutritional Status
CED Class lll15.2214.9915.4580204,43615.2714.9115.6339116,84915.1614.9315.394187,587
CED Class ll16.5316.4716.59150320,22716.4916.3816.6060122,11016.5516.4916.6290198,117
CED Class l17.8317.7817.88398847,13517.8617.7917.92199431,65117.8117.7317.88199415,484
Normal21.8621.7921.9433666,985,08121.9021.8022.0017303,751,95521.8221.7121.9316363,233,126
Pre-obese27.1827.1127.2519073,786,83527.1927.0927.289762,058,75527.1727.0727.289311,728,080
Obese Class l32.0431.8832.216551,300,99732.0731.7532.39257546,12932.0331.8732.19398754,867
Obese Class ll36.7136.4636.96138288,51636.5436.2436.8548116,81236.8236.4737.1790171,703
Obese Class lll48.9946.0551.9272132,80552.8645.6360.102238,19947.4244.6650.185094,606
Prevalence CED 111
Table 4 : Prevalence of CED class III by Socio-demographic Characteristics
MalaysiaMenWomen
CharacteristicPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated Population
(%)LowerUpper(%)LowerUpper(%)LowerUpper
Malaysia0.790.421.5180204,4361.621.032.5439116,8491.260.881.794187,587
Zone
South1.851.182.881123,5851.180.552.50817,9190.390.121.3235,666
Central1.060.462.473999,4492.191.124.221960,3751.480.902.432039,074
East Coast1.120.562.23817,2180.350.091.4022,9201.820.684.76614,298
North1.430.573.52921,1471.110.432.83510,1991.130.413.08410,948
Sabah2.270.756.69715,9960.470.073.2412,6492.410.876.53613,348
Sarawak1.441.071.94627,0413.741.0412.57422,7880.730.153.4524,253
Strata
Urban1.350.931.9647113,7451.650.982.7627707151.040.621.722043030
Rural1.580.972.573390,6921.580.693.5812461341.580.962.602144558
Ethnic Group
Malay1.350.852.1439104,1691.680.873.2321670380.990.591.671837131
Chinese1.230.722.111743,5661.310.602.848233341.150.552.39920232
Indian2.991.575.641641,0683.561.408.749238282.451.045.65717240
Orang Asli PM3.570.4722.3712,4730.000.00007.971.1239.7712473
Bumiputera Sabah1.110.205.8426,4400.000.000.00002.110.3910.7026440
Bumiputera Sarawak0.310.081.2421,9330.000.000.00000.640.162.5421933
Other Bumiputera1.710.485.8434,7861.780.2411.82126491.620.406.3522138
Sex
Men1.621.032.5439116,849
Women1.260.881.794187,587
Age Group
18-195.162.719.592174,7627.453.2416.2112547632.801.335.81919998
20-291.571.072.303366,8151.590.952.6418343701.550.882.741532445
30-390.680.351.321124,8150.470.141.55386760.890.401.99816139
40-490.350.150.82610,2150.460.151.43367830.240.080.7633432
50-591.450.683.04927,8291.250.383.993122561.650.634.30615573
Household income
Less than RM15001.410.942.1241101,0321.300.642.651645,1771.510.952.392555,855
RM1500 - RM35001.620.952.762880,6332.000.954.161553,4981.180.652.161327,135
More than RM35001.110.582.111122,7711.690.803.54818,1740.470.141.6034,597
Educational Level
Primary school0.750.331.69920,1801.100.383.14513,4030.460.131.5846,777
Lower Secondary school (PMR)0.760.411.431222,0290.890.411.92814,7320.600.201.7547,298
Upper Secondary school (SPM)2.071.323.2534101,6652.221.094.471655,7961.921.143.211845,869
Matriculation/Form 60.210.031.4511,6150.000.000.00000.340.052.3611,615
College/University1.400.842.331730,8441.480.732.96919,1751.290.632.63811,669
Others4.061.4111.17728,1046.400.9433.12113,7443.011.157.67614,360
Occupational Group
Legislators, senior officials and managers0.790.115.4212,1850.970.146.6212,1850.000.000.0000
Professionals1.110.472.59610,1841.040.313.3735,8291.230.374.0034,356
Technicians, allied professionals0.940.382.32613,7210.840.242.8537,7741.130.294.2135,947
Clerical0.570.132.4723,7600.000.000.00000.890.203.8623,760
Service, shop attendants, sales persons1.570.743.29920,8661.730.714.18614,6461.280.324.9436,220
Skilled workers in agriculture and fisheries0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000
Craft and related trades workers0.790.311.9857,8650.950.382.3857,8650.000.000.0000
Plant and machine operators and assemblers1.660.853.22920,3721.130.472.7259,4872.801.047.30410,885
Manual workers1.170.472.86715,9051.440.523.94513,8020.520.132.0722,103
Army personnel0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000
Retired0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000
Students2.461.364.391322,3942.601.135.86712,0672.311.005.24610,328
Housewives0.650.301.42921,0980.000.000.00000.660.301.44921,098
Unemployed8.483.8217.761057,61510.493.8025.80443,1955.382.1412.91614,420
Others/refused to answer2.720.6910.1138,4700.000.000.00008.972.3129.0938,470
Marital Status
Unmarried3.192.174.6854140,9423.231.855.563088,5723.131.974.942452,370
Married0.660.421.032460,1480.650.321.30928,2770.660.371.201531,871
Divorced1.160.167.8312,4730.000.000.00001.430.209.5012,473
Widow0.240.031.6918740.000.000.00000.280.041.971874
Prevalence CED 11
Table 4 : Prevalence of CED class II by Socio-demographic Characteristics
MalaysiaMenWomen
CharacteristicPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated Population
(%)LowerUpper(%)LowerUpper(%)LowerUpper
Malaysia2.261.842.771503202271.691.242.3160122,1102.842.173.7290198,117
Zone
South1.681.122.5325499741.750.993.071326,6781.610.892.901223,296
Central2.411.693.42521297571.550.912.652042,8393.302.105.173286,918
East Coast2.081.153.7118335581.300.612.75710,8262.901.326.251122,732
North3.422.025.7226645303.071.346.871128,2403.751.907.251536,290
Sabah1.420.712.809158740.690.172.7923,9342.160.984.69711,940
Sarawak2.231.383.5620265341.570.733.3779,5932.911.605.251316,941
Strata
Urban2.271.752.94871914491.370.961.973358,8893.192.274.4654132,561
Rural2.241.613.12631287782.161.313.552763,2222.331.503.613665,556
Ethnic
Malay1.681.302.1868129,6891.320.901.952852,7082.061.462.904076,980
Chinese3.001.964.5740106,1550.910.461.781016,2125.113.158.193089,943
Indian4.162.437.032457,0996.763.5712.461745,2891.680.783.59711,810
Orang Asli PM2.300.3015.4811,5940.000.000.00005.140.7129.2211,594
Bumiputera Sabah1.070.373.0446,2320.570.083.9511,5741.530.445.1634,659
Bumiputera Sarawak2.101.074.091013,0391.250.374.1533,9673.011.346.6179,072
Other Bumiputera2.290.736.9136,4201.590.2210.4012,3613.080.7711.5424,059
Sex
Men1.691.242.3160122,110
Women2.842.173.7290198,117
Age Group
18-197.104.4611.12281028945.242.5110.641338,5469.014.9715.791564,348
20-293.102.413.99711318802.641.783.902957,0583.582.584.964274,822
30-390.900.591.3823330220.510.241.0979,3881.310.792.161623,634
40-490.900.521.5716262240.830.371.87712,3380.980.452.09913,885
50-591.360.573.2212262080.490.171.4044,7792.280.816.24821,429
Household income
Less than RM15002.111.592.7971151,1081.591.012.502655,0862.601.823.704596,022
RM1500 - RM35002.371.653.3954117,8111.290.812.062034,4913.632.275.763483,120
More than RM35002.511.504.162551,5083.021.456.171432,5331.941.053.561118,975
Educational level
Primary school1.180.741.862131,7931.390.722.671016,9421.000.531.891114,851
Lower Secondary school (PMR)1.580.912.742445,5050.960.501.851015,8612.421.125.161429,644
Upper Secondary school (SPM)2.731.973.7856133,9031.881.073.272147,2103.632.435.403586,693
Matriculation/Form 63.731.857.381229,3365.812.2714.07717,9232.390.846.56511,413
College/University3.001.854.822865,9011.210.582.48815,6375.583.129.762050,264
Others1.990.854.60913,7893.981.1412.9948,5371.100.432.7955,252
Occupational Group
Legislators, senior officials and managers2.530.609.9726,9861.140.167.7012,5688.561.2241.4014,418
Professionals1.580.783.18814,5080.990.313.0935,5462.541.046.0558,962
Technician, allied professionals0.740.321.70610,7870.730.262.0546,7560.760.193.0224,030
Clerical3.571.986.351223,7440.750.105.1211,8155.202.819.411121,929
Service, shop attendants, sales persons1.000.511.941013,3200.730.252.1046,1911.460.643.3467,129
Skilled workers in agriculture and fisheries1.560.623.8557,8740.950.224.0023,6953.611.1510.7434,179
Craft and related trades workers1.060.452.48610,5001.000.362.7448,2571.350.305.7922,243
Plant and machine operators and assemblers2.801.764.432134,3153.301.935.591527,6681.710.714.0666,647
Manual workers2.131.124.041429,1031.480.613.51714,1283.691.439.15714,976
Army personnel0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000
Retired0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000
Students8.494.9414.202377,3337.373.1916.111134,2289.644.7618.551243,105
Housewives1.781.092.902857,5160.000.000.00001.811.112.942857,516
Unemployed4.111.819.041127,9181.590.633.9456,5297.982.9120.08621,389
Others/refused to answer2.030.695.8446,3232.180.607.5834,7291.690.2311.1911,594
Marital Status
Unmarried4.763.636.2087210,0853.302.234.854190,5157.154.9610.2046119,570
Married1.170.851.6061107,1410.720.451.171931,5951.571.062.334275,545
Divorced1.410.355.5323,0010.000.000.00001.730.436.7723,001
Widow0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000
Prevalence CED 1
Table 6 : Prevalence of CED class I by Socio-demographic Characteristics
MalaysiaMenWomen
CharacteristicPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated Population
(%)LowerUpper(%)LowerUpper(%)LowerUpper
Malaysia5.975.336.69398847,1355.995.146.96199431,6515.965.037.05199415,484
Zone
South5.824.607.3481172,9615.834.178.113888,9235.804.178.034384,038
Central5.994.937.26135322,7895.964.647.6470164,4176.024.488.0465158,372
East Coast7.365.3510.0558119,0666.944.5310.482957,6927.824.8612.332961,373
North5.463.917.5847103,0906.033.899.242555,4534.922.948.132247,637
Sabah6.284.358.994270,4616.103.809.642234,6786.473.6711.162035,783
Sarawak4.933.457.013558,7685.002.928.441530,4884.863.037.702028,280
Strata
Urban6.175.307.16220520,7296.175.047.53110264,4456.174.937.69110256284
Rural5.694.806.74178326,4065.724.557.1689167,2065.664.377.2989159199
Ethnic Group
Malay6.085.227.07215469,1906.735.568.13123267,9165.394.216.8792201275
Chinese5.474.296.9591193,5644.272.916.223175,9946.684.899.0860117570
Indian5.433.667.983474,5384.732.658.291531,6666.103.5610.251942872
Orang Asli PM8.652.3327.3235,9843.830.4426.5511,46114.583.3645.5624524
Bumiputera Sabah8.445.0913.672349,0367.183.8013.151119,7929.584.6118.861229244
Bumiputera Sarawak6.774.3410.412241,9598.004.4214.051225,4385.472.8010.421016521
Other Bumiputera4.592.169.481012,8636.312.3216.0669,3852.640.887.6343478
Sex
Men5.995.146.96199431,651
Women5.965.037.05199415,484
Age Group
18-1913.9810.6118.1973202,50713.008.9918.43419551514.989.9921.8832106992
20-298.877.5610.38184376,8899.477.6711.63932045508.256.4610.4991172338
30-393.082.383.9868112,5522.771.844.1427512223.402.444.724161330
40-493.102.204.344389,8603.662.345.7025542812.501.484.201835579
50-593.402.225.183065,3272.661.434.8913260834.172.337.351739244
Household Income
Less than RM15007.326.348.44241524,4628.507.0510.22128294,3266.224.987.75113230,137
RM1500 - RM35004.723.855.79117234,3244.013.025.2955107,0415.564.147.4262127,282
More than RM35004.302.896.354088,3492.811.674.691630,2845.933.479.962458,065
Educational Level
Primary school3.712.725.0551100,1375.773.928.413270,2012.021.223.341929,936
Lower Secondary School (PMR)5.254.106.7180151,3484.983.586.904282,4345.623.868.123868,915
Upper Secondary school (SPM)6.385.277.70145312,7005.974.627.6971150,1086.815.148.9774162,592
Matriculation/Form 610.117.0014.393679,5696.293.2411.841119,39112.588.1318.952560,178
College/University7.495.689.8167164,5017.325.1910.243694,8767.724.8911.993169,624
Others5.623.379.241938,8796.823.1014.35714,6415.082.599.751224,238
Occupational Group
Legislators, senior officials and managers0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000
Professionals5.863.589.462253,7014.852.598.901227,2797.483.4715.381026,422
Technicians, allied professional3.822.635.543455,5703.251.905.511730,0794.822.878.011725,492
Clerical8.716.0312.443157,9308.514.4915.541020,6698.835.6113.642137,261
Service, shop attendants, sales persons5.213.717.273969,3574.793.027.542040,4935.933.619.591928,864
Skilled workers in agriculture and fisheries7.544.4012.611838,0458.724.8715.121633,8883.590.8913.4024,157
Craft and related trades workers6.964.7510.103369,1807.494.9711.152961,9854.321.6011.1347,195
Plant and machine operators and assemblers5.363.587.963065,7364.302.507.311636,0017.654.1613.671429,735
Manual workers6.024.208.563882,1186.324.289.252960,5485.312.3111.76921,570
Army personnel0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000
Retired5.591.6017.72311,8412.940.7211.2525,13317.992.7063.4316,708
Students14.3310.2619.6640130,57213.018.5019.422160,41415.699.4724.891970,158
Housewives3.702.744.9764119,1800.000.000.00003.742.785.0364119,180
Unemployed12.448.6517.574184,55211.607.3017.932447,75913.737.6623.391736,793
Others/refused to answer2.650.848.0848,2533.410.9611.3637,4040.900.126.231848
Marital Status
Unmarried11.519.8913.36219508,46310.338.5412.44127283,51913.4510.5217.0492224,944
Married3.442.904.07168315,1723.342.594.3171145,8213.522.804.4297169,351
Divorced3.791.2311.1248,0710.000.000.00004.661.5113.5048,071
Widow4.231.6010.73715,4294.450.6126.1912,3114.201.4111.84613,118
Underweight
Table 7 : Prevalence of underweight by Socio-demographic Characteristics
MalaysiaMenWomen
CharacteristicPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated Population
(%)LowerUpper(%)LowerUpper(%)LowerUpper
Malaysia9.688.8210.6162813717989.308.1410.6029867061010.068.8411.43330701188
Zone
South8.296.8410.021172465218.766.7511.30591335207.805.8610.3258113000
Central10.248.7611.942265519949.717.7612.0810926763010.818.6913.36117284364
East Coast10.508.1113.51841698428.595.9712.21387143912.548.7517.654698403
North10.007.7212.878218876710.227.1214.4541938929.806.7614.014194875
Sabah9.126.7412.24581023327.264.7011.04254126111.047.3016.363361071
Sarawak9.436.7613.016111234310.316.0916.9326628698.505.9312.053549474
Strata
Urban9.788.6711.023548259239.197.7710.8517039404810.408.7612.30184431875
Rural9.528.2210.992745458759.467.6111.701282765629.577.8611.61146269313
Ethnic Group
Malay9.118.0210.343227030489.748.1811.571723876628.447.0110.14150315386
Chinese9.707.9711.751483432856.494.768.784911554012.9510.1216.4299227745
Indian12.589.5316.437417270515.0510.2721.544110078310.236.9014.923371922
Orang Asli PM14.535.1434.775100523.830.4426.551146127.6910.4355.7448591
Bumiputera Sabah10.626.8316.1529617087.754.2313.76122136513.227.3122.711740343
Bumiputera Sarawak9.196.4013.0134569309.255.4115.3615294049.125.6114.491927526
Other Bumiputera8.584.9014.6016240699.684.2420.618143947.353.4215.0789675
Sex
Men9.308.1410.60298670610
Women10.068.8411.43330701188
Age Group
18-1926.2421.1232.0912238016225.6918.5334.466618882426.8019.9934.9156191338
20-2913.5511.9815.2928857558413.7011.5616.1514029597913.3911.1715.97148279605
30-394.663.775.741021703893.742.645.2937692865.604.317.2665101103
40-494.353.305.71651262994.953.427.1335734023.722.475.583052897
50-596.214.418.68511193644.392.637.2520431198.105.1712.483176245
Household Income
Less than RM150010.859.6312.2035377660211.409.6413.4317039458810.338.7212.19183382014
RM1500 - RM35008.727.3310.331994325687.305.629.449019503010.378.2412.96109237537
More than RM35007.915.9810.39761626287.525.1210.9238809928.345.5512.363881637
Educational Level
Primary school5.644.407.20811521108.266.0111.25471005463.482.385.0834.0051564.26
Lower Secondary school (PMR)7.606.149.361162188836.835.198.95601130268.636.2311.8556.00105856.43
Upper Secondary school (SPM)11.199.6013.0023554826810.077.9712.6410825311312.3610.0815.07127.00295154.10
Matriculation/Form 614.0510.2418.964911052012.106.9620.21183731515.3010.3722.0031.0073205.83
College/University11.899.6214.6111226124610.017.5713.125312968914.5910.6319.7159.00131557.31
Others11.687.4717.81358077117.207.8433.6512369219.205.6214.6923.0043849.81
Occupational Group
Legislators, senior officials and managers3.321.0110.32391712.110.528.16247538.561.2241.4014418
Professionals8.565.8912.2936783936.874.1611.16183865411.256.4818.831839740
Technicians, allied professionals5.514.007.5546800784.833.097.4724446096.714.2310.482235469
Clerical12.859.5317.1145854349.255.0416.37112248414.9210.5720.643462950
Service, shop attendants, sales person7.775.8610.24581035437.264.9510.5230613308.675.7212.932842213
Skilled workers in agriculture and fisheries9.105.6714.2723459199.675.6116.1518375837.192.9216.6258336
Craft and related trades workers8.816.3512.1044875459.446.6313.2738781075.672.4612.5569437
Plant and machine operators and assemblers9.827.4612.83601204238.746.1712.23367315512.167.6918.702447267
Manual workers9.326.9712.36591271269.246.6212.7641884789.525.3116.471838648
Army personnel
Retired5.591.6017.723118412.940.7211.252513317.992.7063.4316708
Students25.2719.5232.057623029922.9915.8632.093910670927.6519.3637.8237123591
Housewives6.134.837.771011977956.214.897.87101197795
Unemployed25.0218.1833.386217008523.6714.7535.72339748327.1017.8938.802972602
Others/refused to answer7.403.6614.4011230455.592.2413.2761213311.563.8729.80510912
Marital Status
Unmarried19.4617.2421.8936085949016.8614.2619.8119846260623.7319.9427.98162396884
Married5.264.576.052534824614.713.805.83992056945.764.786.92154276767
Divorced6.362.7913.867135457.823.4316.86713545
Widow4.471.7710.848163024.450.6126.19123114.481.6011.92713991
Normal
Table 8 : Prevalence of normal by Socio-demographic Characteristics
MalaysiaMenWomen
CharacteristicPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated Population
(%)LowerUpper(%)LowerUpper(%)LowerUpper
Malaysia49.2747.8450.703366698508152.0449.9554.121730375195546.4044.4548.3616363233126
Zone
South45.9942.7749.25601136700647.3842.5152.3129172218844.5340.4248.71310644818
Central48.9746.5251.421109263897450.8347.3654.28575140130047.0343.5550.545341237674
East Coast47.6143.7751.4945676980353.8148.2659.2725044759441.0436.0146.28206322208
North51.3747.6855.0446096929556.2350.8161.5023651664246.7641.7151.87224452653
Sabah54.4549.9158.9138261072657.5250.7264.0519632709151.2945.2757.26186283635
Sarawak52.8148.0957.4835862927955.3148.0162.3918233714150.2044.3256.07176292138
Strata
Urban49.3347.3951.281785416422450.2747.4253.11882215487148.3745.7251.039032009353
Rural49.1747.0951.261581282085854.6351.5957.64848159708443.4940.7146.327331223774
Ethnic Group
Malay45.9644.0647.881701354586149.4846.7552.22909196881442.2139.6244.857921577047
Chinese56.3353.3259.29882199423955.9151.4360.3040699589456.7552.6960.73476998345
Indian41.9037.2746.6826057509545.0938.5351.8213830187238.8732.3645.79122273223
Orang Asli PM68.5444.2985.66164743476.7741.1793.9862930258.4333.2079.901018131
Bumiputera Sabah56.3850.5562.0422132760759.5251.1667.3611016418153.5445.3161.58111163427
Bumiputera Sarawak53.3047.5858.9420633030160.7852.6368.3811819325645.4237.6753.3988137045
Other Bumiputera58.6847.9368.668016454366.3149.8279.60439863650.0538.1761.933765907
Sex
Men52.0449.9554.1217303751955
Women46.4044.4548.3616363233126
Age Group
18-1954.1947.4560.7822978523257.0546.7766.7611041932351.2542.6659.76119365910
20-2952.3549.8154.871076222423854.1650.4757.80551117038150.4746.9953.965251053856
30-3950.6248.2053.02990185020051.0647.5254.5946494530850.1646.9053.42526904892
40-4945.8443.0848.63678133058949.2145.3653.0837372907042.3338.3746.39305601520
50-5941.3537.5445.2739379482249.7244.2655.1923248787432.6227.6937.97161306948
Household Income
Less than RM150049.5847.5751.581773354966655.9352.9358.88926193626443.6341.0246.288471613402
RM1500 - RM350047.8845.4850.291124237606748.4945.1151.90586129547647.1643.7850.575381080590
More than RM350051.5447.5855.48469105934948.3242.6254.0621852021555.0849.5960.44251539134
Educational Level
Primary school46.3643.4249.33672125061253.7749.3558.1334865470840.2736.4244.24324595905
Lower Secondary school (PMR)50.8247.8353.80723146390955.3751.3159.3642891606244.6840.4249.02295547847
Upper Secondary school (SPM)48.1245.6150.641098235834749.3045.6752.94554123927846.8843.4550.345441119069
Matriculation/Form 653.5847.3859.6619142157554.9545.2964.257616952052.6944.6860.57115252054
College/University52.5648.6456.44505115460150.2144.7855.6326665046155.9350.3561.36239504139
Others48.2841.4755.1617533382856.8142.5370.045812192644.4437.0652.09117211901
Occupational Group
Legislators, senior officials and managers46.8835.7858.314912958047.8235.3160.613610748442.7922.7465.521322096
Professionals47.2842.0752.5420043292442.8336.4149.5010524093754.3645.8662.6195191987
Technicians, allied professionals51.0746.8655.2733574202750.6445.2256.0420346814451.8245.1258.45132273882
Clerical53.5747.7559.3018735618157.8148.0467.006714046451.1343.9258.29120215716
Service, shop attendants, sales person46.7942.4951.1430962316945.6940.3451.1419538600548.7041.6155.84114237164
Skilled workers in agriculture and fisheries59.9351.9267.4516030251662.8153.4571.3112424424650.2736.7463.753658271
Craft and related trades workers54.5649.2059.8025154214153.9948.0759.8120744669657.3544.8868.964495445
Plant and machine operators and assemblers50.3545.6555.0529961731351.7746.3757.1320943345447.3138.4356.3690183859
Manual workers54.6350.3058.8839774497959.7654.7164.6129757229742.5234.6150.84100172682
Army personnel46.9928.1866.69133810547.9328.8167.681338105
Retired38.5427.8550.46388159440.4228.7953.24347050329.759.6962.56411091
Students58.5350.9765.7119153334660.3349.3370.379828005956.6646.5166.2893253286
Housewives42.5039.8345.21725137045561.6332.7684.1192581942.2539.5844.967161344636
Unemployed43.1935.4251.3113129358641.4130.9752.687117053045.9335.3156.9360123055
Others/refused to answer51.0741.9260.167515903357.4946.7267.596012473336.3321.5054.311534300
Marital Status
Unmarried55.9052.8958.861035246894457.2453.3261.07642157090653.6949.0558.26393898038
Married46.1144.5247.712213422932348.6446.3050.981066212263843.8241.6646.0011472106685
Divorced58.7746.3570.174712507670.5941.2089.1582801156.0642.3768.893997065
Widow42.7033.6352.286815561246.7724.2270.73112427342.0232.3052.4057131338
Obes
Table 9 : Prevalence of obes by Socio-demographic Characteristics
MalaysiaMenWomen
CharacteristicPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated Population
(%)LowerUpper(%)LowerUpper(%)LowerUpper
Malaysia12.1511.2613.1086517223189.728.5411.0632770114114.6613.3716.045381021177
Zone
South13.8111.7916.1218941046210.037.6513.046715285617.7914.7421.32122257606
Central12.5010.9414.2629867383811.699.4314.4013432224713.3611.2915.74164351591
East Coast11.909.6314.611111924067.845.4411.17346520816.2012.5420.6877127198
North12.7210.5815.221232400217.685.3210.96337055417.5014.1521.4590169467
Sabah8.426.5910.6874944037.545.1910.8332428719.326.7612.724251532
Sarawak9.337.2511.93701111887.785.1711.54274740510.967.9914.864363782
Strata
Urban12.0110.8213.32466101411310.909.2012.8720346723113.1611.5514.97263546882
Rural12.3411.0813.733997082058.006.599.6912423391016.8614.8319.10275474295
Ethnic Group
Malay15.2813.9116.77562117899911.259.4513.3319544741919.5817.5821.75367731580
Chinese7.205.948.691282547577.776.0010.01681383906.614.968.7760116367
Indian12.6610.1615.679117376810.417.2214.78316969214.8111.2019.3160104075
Orang Asli PM0.000.000.00000.000.000.0000
Bumiputera Sabah7.865.5611.0137456938.415.0613.6418231877.374.5811.671922506
Bumiputera Sarawak6.824.6010.0028422625.332.809.9111169328.395.0913.531725330
Other Bumiputera9.575.7615.4919268393.711.3010.154552116.199.4626.331521318
Sex
Men9.728.5411.06327701141
Women14.6613.3716.045381021177
Age Group
18-195.943.1111.0823861256.522.3316.9611479225.352.6610.481238203
20-2910.268.8011.932004358079.427.4611.838820364111.129.0713.56112232165
30-3912.6811.2014.3325846363910.088.1612.409218662715.3613.2017.79166277012
40-4915.1213.2717.1924743893310.268.1912.778615193320.1917.2123.55161287001
50-5915.4912.8918.5113729781411.318.3315.195011101819.8515.7824.6787186796
Household Income
Less than RM150012.2911.0113.714518801818.156.4010.3112828201316.1814.4018.13323598167
RM1500 - RM350013.1311.6614.7631665175912.5910.6614.8015733622513.7711.6116.26159315534
More than RM35009.267.4311.49981903787.705.5810.55428290210.988.1314.6656107476
Educational Level
Primary school14.4112.4416.622003886187.505.5210.10479129420.0917.0523.52153297324
Lower Secondary school (PMR)13.6511.7715.7720539313410.648.4113.388217605517.7014.6721.21123217079
Upper Secondary school (SPM)11.6910.3113.2229057272610.218.4312.3212525672313.2411.2115.56165316002
Matriculation/Form 67.114.7510.5229559796.583.2512.889203117.464.6311.792035668
College/University9.877.4213.039421693711.127.4916.19571440058.095.7311.303772932
Others11.337.9115.9743783284.041.709.296867814.619.9820.893769651
Occupational Group
Legislators, senior officials and managers8.784.7015.8113242707.834.0514.59101759312.932.9641.9836677
Professionals14.1610.9718.106212968815.8911.6221.35408939611.417.3517.282240291
Technicians, allied professionals11.629.2914.458416883011.658.6915.455010772011.568.1316.183461110
Clerical9.626.5713.8632639319.985.4017.6911242419.415.7614.992139690
Service, shop attendants, sales person14.0011.4517.0110418646511.648.7015.42519837018.0913.7023.505388095
Skilled workers in agriculture and fisheries5.573.289.3116281145.102.629.6710198227.153.0615.8368292
Craft and related trades workers8.315.8511.6737825937.554.9811.28276246212.106.2922.001020131
Plant and machine operators and assemblers11.088.5714.226613588510.217.3713.98418546912.978.4419.412550416
Manual workers11.068.6514.04781508747.465.2610.48407146219.5613.9126.783879412
Army personnel11.884.7726.635963612.124.8627.1559636
Retired16.848.9229.52133565614.426.6228.59102514828.198.6461.96310508
Students4.142.247.5217377333.721.807.5410172774.581.7811.27720456
Housewives16.9014.9619.0329254485916.584.9443.153694516.9014.9519.05289537914
Unemployed11.816.1921.38248027012.534.8728.62125160310.705.5419.651228668
Others/refused to answer13.978.5422.0322435136.453.0013.3371399731.2617.1749.951529516
Marital Status
Unmarried8.016.469.881563536817.955.9110.61922182458.106.0410.7864135435
Married13.7812.7314.90671126378910.859.4812.3823247333816.4414.9118.09439790451
Divorced8.763.6919.427186465.130.6829.78120369.593.7522.44616610
Widow23.6516.3632.92318620214.493.1347.072752225.1717.2135.242978680
Overweight
Table 10 : Prevalence of overweight by Socio-demographic Characteristics
MalaysiaMenWomen
CharacteristicPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated Population
(%)LowerUpper(%)LowerUpper(%)LowerUpper
Malaysia26.7125.5027.961,9073,786,83528.5526.7730.409762,058,75524.8023.1626.519311,728,080
Zone
South29.4426.6232.43389875,01433.0728.7037.75204504,00025.6222.1129.48185371,014
Central26.4724.4128.636401,426,18727.6024.7330.67338760,99025.2822.3728.42302665,196
East Coast27.1723.9330.68259439,30328.5223.9133.61126237,19625.7521.3730.67133202,108
North23.1020.1726.30206435,80025.8821.5030.80107237,78620.4516.7424.7599198,015
Sabah26.7623.2830.55216300,13627.6922.5233.53106157,43925.8021.1931.02110142,698
Sarawak26.0522.4030.07197310,39426.4721.0832.6795161,34525.6120.9230.94102149,050
Strata
Urban26.6024.9628.301,0082,245,19529.5027.0632.055501,264,56723.6121.4425.92458980,627
Rural26.8725.1128.718991,541,64027.1724.6729.82426794,18826.5624.1429.14473747,453
Ethnic Group
Malay27.1625.5428.841,0402,095,11529.2626.9331.715411,164,18724.9222.7227.25499930,928
Chinese24.9522.5027.58405883,44829.0025.2133.10229516,46820.8617.8324.26176366,980
Indian31.0126.6435.76195425,66429.3323.2836.2188196,35032.6226.4939.42107229,314
Orang Asli PM15.055.6434.41710,41215.993.5049.9546,10313.894.2636.8734,309
Bumiputera Sabah23.7319.4728.59106137,89424.3318.1831.754767,10823.1917.5230.035970,786
Bumiputera Sarawak28.0723.2433.47112173,94324.6418.4332.124778,34431.6824.6739.646595,599
Other Bumiputera21.5215.0429.834260,35920.3011.4833.352030,19522.9114.8833.562230,165
Sex
Men28.5526.7730.409762058755
Women24.8023.1626.519311728080
Age Group
18-1912.768.6018.5347184,85910.745.5919.632178,90114.849.0723.3526105,958
20-2920.2018.2722.28405858,36422.6219.7025.83210488,84017.7015.2920.39195369,524
30-3929.1727.0331.415821,066,21234.9531.6738.37325647,02323.2420.6026.10257419,189
40-4934.1431.6036.78546990,98335.0931.5238.83271519,83933.1529.5736.94275471,144
50-5935.1732.0639.53327686,41733.0428.2138.25149324,15238.5033.1344.17178362,265
Household Income
Less than RM150025.1423.5126.859541,800,31824.1421.8326.60417835,64426.0923.8328.48537964,674
RM1500 - RM350028.1426.0030.396691,396,51931.4228.3234.70382839,37924.3221.4827.39287557,139
More than RM350028.7025.4532.20284589,99935.6430.6540.97177383,73221.0717.2125.54107206,267
Educational Level
Primary school31.9029.2134.72459860,52229.4625.6333.60179358,66833.9130.2337.80280501,854
Lower Secondary school (PMR)25.8623.4328.46402745,04327.0823.7530.70226448,07924.2220.7928.01176296,964
Upper Secondary school (SPM)26.1324.0228.376121,280,84830.3027.1133.69344761,66221.7519.0924.66268519,186
Matriculation/Form 624.3419.2530.2786191,53126.3718.9135.473681,33323.0416.5231.1750110,198
College/University23.8120.8927.01244523,15728.3724.1433.01172367,49917.2713.5321.7872155,658
Others26.5021.0132.83102183,23718.6410.7130.431840,01130.0423.4337.6084143,227
Occupational Group
Legislators, senior officials and managers41.0230.9351.935011338042.2430.9054.454494,93035.7316.3561.25618,449
Professionals27.8723.4832.7412825524033.7227.7340.2992189,69318.5613.1225.593665,547
Technicians, allied professionals29.7426.0633.7120743217032.8828.0738.08141303,96624.2619.0030.4266128,204
Clerical20.9816.7425.957713947322.9616.0131.802955,80219.8314.7826.084883,671
Service, shop attendants, sales person30.8226.8335.1220141047735.3430.0541.01139298,53222.9917.7929.1762111,945
Skilled workers in agriculture and fisheries24.6618.7531.706812446721.4615.2529.324383,44235.3923.0550.042541,025
Craft and related trades workers27.8123.3432.7713327637328.7423.8034.25113237,79323.1814.0235.832038,580
Plant and machine operators and assemblers27.8423.5832.5315734126028.7624.1333.89119240,84625.8417.4836.4338100,414
Manual workers24.7721.4028.47189337705323.4619.5627.86118224,65727.8521.6335.0671113,095
Army personnel41.1324.2460.41143335939.9523.1259.541331,755100.00100.00100.0011,604
Retired39.0328.2451.01398262742.2230.2455.193473,65124.077.9253.8958,976
Students12.068.1917.414410988012.977.2622.102460,19011.126.7417.782049,690
Housewives28.3525.9430.9050791425421.806.5852.4439,13228.4426.0130.99504905,122
Unemployed18.6113.2925.434712650320.1313.0629.713082,88516.289.3526.821743,618
Others/refused to answer25.8818.9634.27428059829.2520.6139.693163,45218.169.2232.651117,146
Marital Status
Unmarried16.3414.2918.62302721,69417.5314.8520.59194481,21414.3811.4217.95108240,480
Married31.6630.1933.151,5372,903,54935.5133.3137.777721,549,65428.1626.2230.187651,353,894
Divorced26.1017.1337.652455,55624.287.9454.4049,63526.5216.7239.362045,921
Widow28.2420.3237.7842102,92332.4713.3759.97516,85127.5419.2137.783786,072
overweight n obese
Table 11 : Prevalence of overweight and obese by Socio-demographic Characteristics
MalaysiaMenWomen
CharacteristicPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated Population
(%)LowerUpper(%)LowerUpper(%)LowerUpper
Malaysia38.8637.4840.252772550915338.2836.2740.321303275989639.4637.5741.3714692749257
Zone
South43.2540.0146.54578128547643.1038.1848.1527165685643.4139.3047.61307628620
Central38.9736.6041.39938210002539.2935.9242.76472108323838.6435.3242.064661016787
East Coast39.0735.3942.8837063170936.3531.2841.7516030240341.9536.7747.31210329306
North35.8132.4239.3632967582133.5628.7138.7714030833937.9633.2342.93189367482
Sabah35.1731.2739.2829039454035.2229.4441.4813820031035.1229.9340.68152194230
Sarawak35.3831.2039.8026742158234.2528.1440.9212220875036.5731.1342.38145212832
Strata
Urban38.6136.7440.521474325930740.4037.6243.24753173179836.7734.2839.347211527509
Rural39.2237.2341.241298224984535.1732.4138.04550102809843.4240.6246.267481221748
Ethnic Group
Malay42.4440.5444.361602327411440.5137.7943.28736161160644.5041.9047.138661662508
Chinese32.1529.4734.95533113820536.7632.6441.0929765485827.4824.0931.14236483347
Indian43.6838.9948.4828659943239.7433.2346.6311926604247.4340.7754.17167333390
Orang Asli PM15.055.6434.4171041215.993.5049.954610313.894.2636.8734309
Bumiputera Sabah31.5926.7936.8214318358732.7325.7040.64659029530.5624.1337.867893292
Bumiputera Sarawak34.8929.7040.4714021620529.9723.2037.74589527640.0732.5648.0982120929
Other Bumiputera31.1022.8740.72618719924.0114.0937.84243571639.1028.4950.843751483
Sex
Men38.2836.2740.3213032759896
Women39.4637.5741.3714692749257
Age Group
18-1918.7013.5525.247027098417.2610.0927.923212682220.1913.6628.8138144161
20-2930.4628.1632.86605129417132.0428.6135.6829869248128.8225.8132.02307601690
30-3941.8539.5044.24840152985145.0341.5548.5641783365138.5935.4841.80423696201
40-4949.2646.5052.04793142991645.3541.5449.2035767177153.3549.3157.34436758145
50-5951.2047.2855.1246498423144.3539.0349.8019943517158.3552.7163.78265549060
Household Income
Less than RM150037.4435.5239.401405268049932.2829.5335.16545111765742.2639.6844.898601562841
RM1500 - RM350041.2738.9343.66985204827844.0140.6847.39539117560438.0934.8241.46446872673
More than RM350037.9734.3541.7338278037743.3537.9748.8921946663432.0527.3437.15163313742
Educational Level
Primary school46.3143.3749.28659124914036.9532.8441.2722644996254.0150.0157.95433799178
Lower Secondary school (PMR)39.5136.6842.42607113817737.7233.9241.6830862413441.9237.7446.22299514043
Upper Secondary school (SPM)37.8235.4640.23902185357340.5137.0544.07469101838534.9931.8438.26433835188
Matriculation/Form 631.4625.9637.5311524751032.9524.7242.384510164430.4923.4538.5870145866
College/University33.6930.0337.5533874009439.4834.1045.1422951150425.3620.9630.32109228590
Others37.8331.5644.5314526156622.6813.9834.62244868944.6537.2352.31121212877
Occupational Group
Legislators, senior officials and managers49.8038.7260.906313765050.0637.5962.535411252348.6626.4771.39925127
Professionals42.0436.9647.2919038492849.6142.9856.2613227909029.9723.1237.8558105838
Technicians, allied professionals41.3637.3245.5329160100044.5339.2649.9419141168635.8229.7442.39100189314
Clerical30.5925.5336.1810920340432.9424.5942.53408004329.2423.0936.2569123361
Service, shop attendants, sales person44.8240.5449.1830559694246.9841.5152.5319039690241.0834.4848.01115200041
Skilled workers in agriculture and fisheries30.2323.7337.638415258126.5619.5934.935310326442.5429.5756.633149317
Craft and related trades workers36.1231.2041.3517035896636.2930.8842.0814030025535.2824.3747.983058711
Plant and machine operators and assemblers38.9234.3643.6922347714538.9733.8544.3516032631538.8129.8748.5863150830
Manual workers35.8331.8939.9726748862630.9226.5435.6815829611947.4139.4655.49109192507
Army personnel53.0133.3171.82194299552.0732.3271.191841390100.00100.00100.0011604
Retired55.8743.8167.275211828356.6443.8368.62449879952.2622.9780.08819484
Students16.2011.7221.966114761316.6910.3425.82347746715.6910.1123.562770146
Housewives45.2542.5547.98799145911238.3715.8967.2461607745.3442.6348.087931443036
Unemployed30.4222.8139.277120677332.6522.0345.424213448726.9818.1138.162972286
Others/refused to answer39.8631.3349.046412411135.7026.3046.34387744949.4232.6066.382646662
Marital Status
Unmarried24.3521.8527.02458107537525.4922.1829.1028669945922.4718.9126.50172375915
Married45.4343.8547.032208416733846.3544.0348.691004202299344.6042.4446.7812042144345
Divorced34.8724.2647.22317420329.4110.8558.8051167136.1224.3349.852662532
Widow51.8942.3661.297318912446.9723.9271.3872437352.7142.4062.7966164752
Obesity class1
Table 12 : Prevalence of Obesity Class 1 by Socio-demographic Characteristics
MalaysiaMenWomen
CharacteristicPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated Population
(%)LowerUpper(%)LowerUpper(%)LowerUpper
Malaysia9.188.3810.046551,300,9977.576.508.81257546,12910.839.7112.07398754,867
Zone
South9.127.4911.06127271,0837.175.259.7150109,21511.188.7014.2577161,868
Central9.618.1811.26230517,8449.477.3412.15107261,1719.758.0011.84123256,672
East Coast10.208.0412.8690164,9446.454.249.682653,61914.1810.6618.6364111,325
North10.528.5712.84101198,4526.024.028.922755,29814.7911.6718.5674143,154
Sabah6.775.188.816175,9766.454.339.512836,7067.104.9410.103339,270
Sarawak6.104.488.264672,6984.943.067.901930,1207.324.9010.802742,578
Strata
Urban9.027.9610.22354761,6788.787.2110.66166376,4719.277.9210.83188385,207
Rural9.408.2810.65301539,3195.804.617.2891169,65913.1411.3015.22210369,661
Ethnic Group
Malay11.4310.1912.804188817418.687.0310.68147345,54814..3512.6016.30271536,192
Chinese5.724.637.061042026686.044.548.0056107,6185.403.937.394895,050
Indian9.747.5412.50691337368.365.5512.412555,98511.067.9415.204477,751
Orang Asli PM0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000
Bumiputera Sabah6.294.289.1431365276.884.0111.581618,9895.753.329.771517,538
Bumiputera Sarawak4.472.817.0519277303.922.017.50912,4685.062.659.451015,262
Other Bumiputera6.633.7211.5614185953.711.3010.1545,5219.935.1118.411013,074
Sex
Men7.576.508.81257546,129
Women10.839.7112.07398754,867
Age Group
18-194.882.2610.211770,6805.391.5716.93739,6284.351.999.231031,053
20-297.386.158.82145313,4196.905.269.0067149,1257.876.1510.0178164,293
30-399.528.2211.00191347,9228.746.9410.9679161,83910.328.5512.40112186,082
40-4911.459.8413.28191332,2487.786.029.9967115,20315.2712.6718.30124217,044
50-5912.329.9715.11111236,7288.195.6611.693780,33416.6212.8721.2074156,395
Household Income
Less than RM15009.278.1010.58334663,4826.655.028.77101230,30711.7110.1813.45233433,174
RM1500 - RM35009.928.6511.35245492,3279.407.7611.35122251,15810.538.6512.75123241,169
More than RM35007.065.499.0576145,1896.014.238.463464,6658.235.7511.644280,524
Educational level
Primary school10.769.0912.69115290,2296.824.939.374283,03014.0011.5116.93113207,200
Lower Secondary school (PMR)9.457.8711.30140272,1257.715.7910.2058127,52611.799.3214.8282144,599
Upper Secondary school (SPM)9.408.1510.81232460,6058.326.7510.21106209,09110.548.6812.73126251,514
Matriculation/Form 66.163.999.402448,4944.932.0711.266151986.964.2211.261833,296
College/University6.754.619.7964148,3867.864.6512.9740101,8115.173.417.762446,576
Others9.346.2113.813664,5622.520.867.1245,40012.418.1118.533259,161
Occupational Group
Legislators, senior officials and managers7.593.8214.531120,9766.363.0412.83814,29912.932.9641.9836,677
Professional8.766.3811.924180,2028.945.9613.192550,2708.475.0513.881629,932
Technician, Allied Professional9.307.2111.9267135,1379.917.1913.504391,6008.245.4312.312443,537
Clerical6.584.0810.462143,7617.743.8714.87918,8065.923.0511.171224,955
Service, shop attendants, sales person10.768.5013.5378143,2628.866.2412.423674,81414.0610.2219.024268,448
Skilled workers in agriculture & fisheries4.712.628.311323,7714.642.309.15918,0584.931.7812.8945,713
Craft & related trades workers6.033.969.082759,9716.504.1210.092353,7393.751.369.8746,232
Plant & machine operator & assemblers7.775.7910.355095,2588.045.6111.413467,3577.184.3111.711627,901
Manual worker8.536.4511.2160116,3856.594.519.533563,10213.128.6519.422553,283
Army personnel10.003.6424.6448,11410.213.7125.1148,1140.000.000.0000
Retired12.015.2825.04925,4298.552.6824.14614,92128.198.6461.96310,508
Student3.671.897.001533,4022.791.256.12812,9464.581.7811.27720,456
Housewife12.9011.1914.83225415,93216.584.9443.1536,94512.8511.1314.79222408,987
Unemployed9.554.3719.601864,90310.103.2027.65941,5998.704.0417.73923,304
Others/refused to answer11.086.1619.131634,4944.411.7710.5759,56126.4113.1445.971124,933
Marital Status
Unmarried5.494.157.22108242,4135.743.938.3168157,5495.073.477.364084,864
Married10.579.6411.57517969,4108.727.4910.14187380,78712.2410.9113.72330588,623
Divorced8.563.5319.31618,2115.130.6829.7812,0369.343.5622.33516,175
Widow19.4712.7128.642470,96211.091.6248.6615,75720.8613.5030.812365,205
Obesity class 11
Table 13 : Prevalence of Obesity Class 11 by Socio-demographic Characteristics
MalaysiaMenWomen
CharacteristicPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated Population
(%)LowerUpper(%)LowerUpper(%)LowerUpper
Malaysia2.031.692.45138288,5161.621.182.2148116,8122.461.953.1090171,703
Zone
South3.152.224.444093,5362.171.144.101233,1004.172.796.202860,436
Central2.011.462.7546108,1061.560.932.621743,1442.471.653.692964,992
East Coast1.070.601.881317,2350.940.392.2657,8191.200.572.5189,416
North1.610.922.791530,2871.310.453.70412,0071.891.023.471118,280
Sabah0.910.402.05710,1920.610.142.6923,4871.210.463.1656,705
Sarawak2.451.434.151729,1602.841.355.88817,2852.040.974.24911,875
Strata
Urban2.101.632.7076177,1761.561.012.402566,9002.651.953.6151110,276
Rural1.941.482.5562111,3401.711.082.682349,9132.181.573.043961,427
Ethnic Group
Malay2.692.153.3696207,3011.881.272.793274,9613.542.704.6464132,340
Chinese1.160.711.892041,0521.590.842.981128,2740.730.361.46912,778
Indian1.500.802.801120,5951.130.363.5337,5941.850.893.82813,001
Orang Asli PM0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000
Bumiputera Sabah0.580.132.6023,3720.880.125.9912,4330.310.042.161939
Bumiputera Sarawak1.680.644.32510,4301.120.167.4813,5502.280.806.3546,879
Other Bumiputera2.060.695.9845,7660.000.000.00004.381.4912.2045,766
Sex
Men1.621.182.2148116,812
Women2.461.953.1090171,703
Age Group
18-190.860.292.54412,4180.910.292.8636,6980.800.115.4715,720
20-291.941.322.843482,3791.951.083.491442,0351.931.193.122040,344
30-392.121.562.894577,5531.030.541.961019,0533.242.284.593558,500
40-492.641.863.753976,6602.051.163.611430,4183.252.075.072546,242
50-592.061.203.491639,5061.900.844.20718,6082.221.094.48920,898
Household Income
Less than RM15001.891.462.4372135,0421.130.691.841938,9552.601.933.495396,088
RM1500 - RM35002.461.813.3452122,2252.541.653.882567,7522.381.533.672754,473
More than RM35001.520.852.711431,2480.940.302.88410,1062.161.114.171021,143
Educational Level
Primary school2.281.543.373161,6050.680.281.6458,2653.602.345.512653,340
Lower secondary school (PMR)2.771.953.944079,9242.261.353.781737,4563.462.135.582342,467
Upper secondary school (SPM)1.741.242.424185,1241.560.882.741439,2201.921.302.832745,903
Matriculation/Form 60.750.282.0445,9321.150.294.5323,5610.500.121.9922,371
College/University2.191.293.701848,0712.070.974.34926,7972.361.134.86921,274
Others1.140.423.0547,8610.700.104.9011,5131.330.424.0936,348
Occupational Group
Legislators, senior officials and managers0.630.094.3611,7420.770.115.3411,7420.000.000.0000
Professionals3.481.816.581231,8294.722.269.58926,5421.500.435.02352,287
Technicians, allied professionals1.810.993.271226,2351.500.653.41613,8342.350.975.54612,401
Clerical2.621.265.35917,4182.240.568.5525,4352.841.216.52711,983
Service, shop attendants, sales persons1.891.113.201525,1951.560.763.18813,1722.471.135.31712,022
Skilled workers in agriculture and fisheries0.510.112.3522,5790.000.000.00002.220.479.7922,579
Craft and related trades workers2.020.984.12820,0290.740.182.9226,1308.353.6018.17613,899
Plant and machine operators and assemblers2.491.274.841030,5191.970.824.63616,4673.621.259.99414,052
Manual workers1.280.662.461117,4600.690.251.8946,6372.671.126.22710,823
Army personnel1.880.2612.4011,5221.910.2612.6411,5220.000.000.0000
Retired4.831.7412.71410,2285.862.1215.21410,2280.000.000.0000
Students0.480.121.9424,3310.930.223.8524,3310.000.000.0000
Housewives2.481.783.454279,9780.000.000.00002.511.803.504279,978
Unemployed1.980.695.57513,4411.960.408.9828,0772.000.616.3735,363
Others/refused to answer1.930.645.6646,0111.240.178.2912,6963.511.0311.2833,315
Marital Status
Unmarried1.641.062.532772,3081.700.972.941646,5431.540.763.101125,765
Married2.291.872.82107210,3621.611.112.333270,2702.912.273.7375140,092
Divorced0.200.031.4614350.000.000.00000.250.031.791435
Widow1.480.444.8635,4110.000.000.00001.730.525.6435,411
Obesity class111
Table 14 : Prevalence of Obesity Class 111 by Socio-demographic Characteristics
MalaysiaMenWomen
CharacteristicPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated Population
(%)LowerUpper(%)LowerUpper(%)LowerUpper
Malaysia0.940.721.2272132,8050.530.340.832238,1991.360.991.875094,606
Zone
South1.540.962.472245,8430.690.271.74510,5412.441.414.181735,302
Central0.890.561.422247,8880.650.341.251017,9621.140.602.151229,927
East Coast0.630.301.32810,2270.450.131.6133,7690.820.332.0356,457
North0.600.271.31711,2820.350.081.5723,2490.830.332.0958,033
Sabah0.730.311.7568,2350.470.112.0022,6781.000.342.9545,557
Sarawak0.780.361.7079,3300.000.000.00001.600.733.4779,330
Strata
Urban0.890.621.283675,2590.560.301.021223,8601.240.791.932451,399
Rural1.000.691.473657,5460.490.250.941014,3391.540.972.422643,207
Ethnic Group
Malay1.170.851.604889,9570.680.401.141626,9101.691.132.503263,048
Chinese0.310.100.98411,0370.140.020.9912,4980.490.121.8838,539
Indian1.420.752.671119,4370.910.273.0836,1131.900.903.94813,324
Orang Asli PM0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000
Bumiputera Sabah1.000.372.6545,7940.640.094.4111,7641.320.434.0134,030
Bumiputera Sarawak0.660.241.8244,1020.290.042.0219131.060.323.4133,189
Other Bumiputera0.880.126.0412,4770.000.000.00001.880.2612.1612,477
Sex
Men0.530.340.832238,199
Women1.360.991.875094,606
Age Group
18-190.210.050.8423,0260.220.031.5411,5960.200.031.4211,430
20-290.940.561.592140,0090.580.261.29712,4801.320.672.571427,529
30-391.040.671.632238,1640.310.100.9735,7341.801.102.921932,430
40-491.030.611.741730,0250.430.151.1856,3111.670.913.031223,714
50-591.120.572.191021,5801.230.542.79612,0771.010.333.0549,503
Household Income
Less than RM15001.140.821.594581,6570.370.180.75812,7511.861.292.693768,906
RM1500 - RM35000.750.451.261937,2070.650.331.261017,3150.870.401.88919,892
More than RM35000.680.321.44813,9410.760.252.2448,1320.590.221.5845,809
Educational Level
Primary school1.360.742.491436,7840.000.000.00002.491.364.501436,784
Lower secondary school (PMR)1.430.932.182541,0850.670.321.41711,0732.451.464.061830,012
Upper secondary school (SPM)0.550.330.921726,9970.330.120.9158,4120.780.431.401218,585
Matriculation/Form 60.200.031.3811,5530.500.073.5011,5530.000.000.0000
College/University0.930.501.721220,4801.190.562.51815,3970.560.211.5245,083
Others0.850.262.7735,9060.820.115.6711,7640.870.203.7024,142
Occupational Group
Legislators, senior officials and managers0.560.083.9111,5530.690.104.7811,5530.000.000.0000
Professionals1.930.943.90917,6572.240.925.31612,5851.440.444.6035,072
Technicians, allied professionals0.510.201.3057,4570.250.031.7412,2850.980.352.7245,172
Clerical0.410.101.6422,7520.000.000.00000.650.162.5822,752
Service, shop attendants, sales persons1.350.732.501118,0081.230.552.71710,3831.570.584.1447,625
Skilled workers in agriculture and fisheries0.350.052.4511,7640.450.063.1711,7640.000.000.0000
Craft and related trades workers0.260.061.0522,5930.310.081.2622,5930.000.000.0000
Plant and machine operators and assemblers0.820.361.89610,1090.200.031.3811,6452.180.865.3858,463
Manual workers1.250.513.03717,0290.180.031.2711,7233.771.439.55615,306
Army personnel0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000
Retired0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000
Students0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000
Housewives1.520.962.382548,9490.000.000.00001.540.982.412548,949
Unemployed0.280.041.9911,9270.470.073.2811,9270.000.000.0000
Others/refused to answer0.970.243.8623,0080.800.115.4911,7411.340.199.0711,267
Marital Status
Unmarried0.880.541.442138,9600.520.251.08814,1541.480.772.821324,806
Married0.920.661.274784,0170.510.280.921322,2811.280.871.883461,736
Divorced0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000
Widow2.700.957.4449,8293.400.4621.1211,7642.580.788.2238,064
Sheet1
AllLowerUpper
Underweight9.78.810.6
Normal49.347.850.7
Overweight26.725.528
Obese12.211.313.1
Prevalence (%)
Men
Underweight9.3
Normal52
Overweight28.6
Obese9.7
Women
Underweight10.1
Normal46.4
Overweight24.8
Obese14.7
Underweight
Normal
Overweight
Obese
Underweight
Normal
Overweight
Obese
Sheet1
0
0
0
0
Prevalence (%)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Men
Prevalence (%)
BMI- Malaysian Adults Nutrition Survey (MANS) by sex
Prevalence of Overweight in children according to age and sex
n = 11264
UKM/Nestle study 2002
Chart1
10.96
10.75.5
10.16.3
10.55.7
Lebih berat badan
Obesiti
Kawasan
Peratus (%)
Chart2
10.810.3
5.95.8
Lelaki
Perempuan
Jantina
Peratus (%)
Chart3
10.56.2
10.14.7
11.76.7
Lebih berat badan
Obesiti
Etnik
Peratus (%)
Chart4
4.85
6.65.4
8.45.2
115.6
12.56
15.47
15.47.6
Lebih berat badan
Obesiti
Umur (tahun)
Peratus (%)
Chart5
4.94.5
6.66.7
97.9
1011.9
12.612.4
16.913.8
15.415.5
Lelaki
Perempuan
Age (years)
Percentage (%)
Sheet1
Prevalens obesiti mengikut kawasan (BMI Cole)
Lebih berat badanObesiti
Utara10.96.0
Tengah10.75.5
Selatan10.16.3
Timur10.55.7
Prevalens obesiti mengikut jtn (BMI Cole)Lebih berat badan
Lebih berat badanObesiti
Lelaki10.85.9
Perempuan10.35.8
P lbb obes megkut etnik BMI Cole)
Lebih berat badanObesiti
Melayu10.56.2
Cina10.14.7
India11.76.7
P lbb Obes mgkutumur BMI Cole
Lebih berat badanObesiti
64.85.0
76.65.4
88.45.2
911.05.6
1012.56.0
1115.47.0
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1215.415.5
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Healthy Weight Management: Eating Right, Living Well
Lifestyle approaches that can be changed to achieve healthy weightDietary practicesPhysically activity or exerciseAim to eat for healthFollow a healthy balanced dietMake smart food choices
BMI is an indicator of obesity and underweight and normal weight
Relationship of BMI to Excess Mortality300Age at Issue20-29250Mortality RatioBody Mass Index2001501005015030-39202530LowRisk4035HighRiskModerateRiskBray, 1987
Classification of Body Weight in Adults According to Body Mass Index, BMIWHO, 1998
Classification
BMI, kg/m2
Risk of co-morbidities
Underweight
< 18.5
Low (but risk of other clinical problems increased)
Normal range
18.5 24.9
Average
Overweight
> 25.0
Pre-Obese
25.0 29.9
Increased
Obese Class I
30.0 34.9
Moderate
Obese Class II
35.0 39.9
Severe
Obese Class III
> 40.0
Very severe
Waist CircumferenceCorrelates abdominal fat distribution and associated ill health.Increased risk:Men > 94 cm (37 in.)Women > 80 cm (32 in.)
Lower values have been proposed for Asians men > 90cmwomen>80cm
BMI category according to sex (percent)
Prevalence of central obesity by age group according to sex
Prevalence of central obesity by BMI according to sex
Good dietary practicesAim to eat for health
Follow a healthy balanced diet
Make smart food choices
How to eat right and live well in our daily livingBeing healthy is about balance between good nutrition and physical activity/exercise
Maintaining an ideal body weight
FatCHOProtActivityTEFBMREnergy balanceInputOutputEnergy balance and body weightStableweight
FatCHOProtActivityTEFBMREnergy balanceInputOutputWeight loss
Energy balance and body weight
FatCHOProtActivityTEFBMR
Energy balanceInputOutputWeightGainEnergy balance and body weight
Balanced Diet
Rice,noodles, breads, cereal products , and tubersFruits and vegetables
Milk, dairy products, fish, chicken, meats and legumesFats, oils, sugar and salt
Malaysian Food PyramidBalanced Diet
Rice,noodles, breads, cereal products , and tubersMain selection, high fibre foodsEat in moderation foods which are not good sources of fibreFat will increase caloric content of foods, thus reduce intake of fried and fatty foods
Fruits and vegetablesUlam-ulaman / salads are great choices Reduce intake of vegetables prepared either fried or masak lemakSelect vegetables prepared as soups, sauted or stir friedVegetable juices should be taken fresh and without sugar
Fruits and vegetablesMake sure your first choice are fresh fruitsReduce intake of cordial drinks, fruits in heavy syrup and dried fruits
Fruit juices are best drank fresh without added sugar
Main selection: legumes, tofu, tempeh, egg white and fishReduce fried fish and chicken as well as processed meat.Select chicken and meats which are not fried. Skin and excess fat should be trimmedMilk, dairy products, fish, chicken, meats and legumes
Fats, oils, sugar and saltWhat are the food sources?Fats and oilsGhee, butter, creamer, santan,margerine, mayonnaise, cooking oilSugarWhite sugar, brown sugar, gula melaka, syrup, honey, condensed milkSaltsSalt, MSG, seasonings, ketchup
Fatsugar+SaltFats, oils, sugar and salt
HowWhyWhen
Eat slowly (> 20 mins) Eat only when hungry Stop eating when full If you often skip your meals, set an eating schedule and follow it Healthy eating habits
Apple & Pear ?
Aim for an ideal body weight
Weigh yourself regularly; regular, once a monthCalculate BMICalculate ideal body weight (IBW)18.5-24.9 (m)2 Eg. If you are 1.6m, then IBW= (18.5-24.9) 2.56 =47 to 64 kg
Calories in breakfast foodsFoodserving sizekcalRoti canai1 set339Dosai 1 set340Capati 1 set322Nasi lemaka plate687Nasi goreng a plate 386Nasi kerabu a plate535
Nasi lemak687 kcal
Nasi kerabu535kcal
mee kari 702 kcal
Calories in varieties of noodlesFoodserving sizekcalMee goreng a bowl 281Mee kari a bowl 702Mee sup a bowl 355Mee bandung a bowl 491Soto ayam a bowl528
Calories in varieties of riceFoodserving sizekcalNasi putih a plate 250Nasi lemak a plate687Nasi goreng a plate386Nasi kerabu a plate535Nasi ayam a plate565Nasi beriani a plate559Nasi dagang a plate508
How can we be physically activeStart being physically active
Involves all movements which use energy in our daily life eg; working, recreational activities, exercise and sports
How can we be physically activeTo increase fitness of the heart breathingduration at least 20-30 minutesfrequency 3-4 times a week, preferably everyday
Practice an active lifestyleSelect physical activities which suit you Do these activities at least 30 minutes a day ( can be totalled up to a whole day ie 10 minutes per session)
Practice an active lifestyle Exercise correctly
Take time to warm up before exercising
Always cool down after exercising
Consult your doctor if you areOver 35 years and maleOver 40 years and femaleHave not been exercising regularlyUncertain of your healthHave hypertension, diabetes, heart disease
Examples of light physical activities60 minutes everydaywalkingstretchingLight gardening activities
Examples of moderate physical activities30 minutes everydaybrisk walkingcyclingWalking up and down staircase (reduce using lift)
Minutes activity needs to be carried our by body weight (burn 100 kcal)Game/exercise50 kg80 kgAerobic dancing23 min15 minBadminton2615Football1610Golf3421Gardening3823
Minutes activity needs to be carried our by body weight (burn 100 kcal)Game/exercise50 kg80 kgTennis2013Walking (6.4km/hr)2214Jogging (8.8km/hr)138Running (11.2km/hr)106Bicycling (8.8km/hr) 2717
Take home messageInvest in a good weighing scale and weigh yourself once a weekMaintain a healthy weightAim to eat for healthFollow a healthy balanced dietMake smart food choices
Take home messageStart being physically activeInvest in a pedometer (to calculate number of steps- recommended 10,000 steps per day) Select physical activities which suit you Do these activities at least 30 minutes a day, at least 3-4 times a week, preferably every dayEnjoy your exercise
Thank you for your attention
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