Earth Science Introduction Lab
Topics:
• SI units (metric system)
• Latitude and Longitude
• Earth Systems
• Scientific Method
Earth Science Introduction Lab
Topics:
• SI units (metric system)
• Latitude and Longitude
• Earth Systems
• Scientific Method
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January 20, 2010- WednesdayJanuary 20, 2010- Wednesday
•AttendanceAttendance•SyllabusSyllabus•Introduction lab-1Introduction lab-1
Objectives and Goals
• Students will learn common SI units found in length, mass and volume.
• Students will use basic latitude and longitude principles to locate places on earth.
• Students will gain an understanding of the earth’s primary open systems and their interactions.
• Students will apply the scientific method and understand how it relates to science.
Objectives and Goals
• Students will learn common SI units found in length, mass and volume.
• Students will use basic latitude and longitude principles to locate places on earth.
• Students will gain an understanding of the earth’s primary open systems and their interactions.
• Students will apply the scientific method and understand how it relates to science.
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The Metric System (SI units)The Metric System (SI units)
International System of units (SI units)
• Legal system of measuring in France (1800’s)
• SI units take the place of feet, inches, ect..
• Most countries use SI units except …………
• International communication using SI units
International System of units (SI units)
• Legal system of measuring in France (1800’s)
• SI units take the place of feet, inches, ect..
• Most countries use SI units except …………
• International communication using SI units
Divided into Length, Volume, and Mass
SI unit (metric) is based on the number 10
Divided into Length, Volume, and Mass
SI unit (metric) is based on the number 10
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Students must make a “mental” conversion from the English system to the metric systemStudents must make a “mental” conversion from the English system to the metric system
A meter stick equals about3.28 feet or 39 inchesA meter stick equals about3.28 feet or 39 inches
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Students must make a “mental” conversion from the English system to the metric systemStudents must make a “mental” conversion from the English system to the metric system
“typical” sugar cubes equal about 1 mL“typical” sugar cubes equal about 1 mL
1 liter of soda (1000 mL)1 liter of soda (1000 mL)
US penny weighs about 2.5 gramsUS penny weighs about 2.5 grams
Paper-clip weighs abouta gramPaper-clip weighs abouta gram
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Conversions between SI units (length, mass, volume)BASED ON THE NUMBER 10
Conversions between SI units (length, mass, volume)BASED ON THE NUMBER 10
LengthLengthsmallestsmallest
largestlargest
VolumeVolume MassMass
10 mm = 1 cm100 cm = 1m1000 m = 1 km
10 mm = 1 cm100 cm = 1m1000 m = 1 km
1 cm3 = 1 mL1000 mL = 1L1 cm3 = 1 mL1000 mL = 1L
1000 mg = 1 g1000 g = 1 kg1000 mg = 1 g1000 g = 1 kg
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Conversions between unitsConversions between units
1. Know which units are larger and smaller
2. Know how many zeros in the conversion
1. Know which units are larger and smaller
2. Know how many zeros in the conversion
Converting from a larger to a smaller unit, move thedecimal to the RIGHTConverting from a larger to a smaller unit, move thedecimal to the RIGHT
LargerLarger SmallerSmaller RightRight
Converting from a smaller to a larger unit, move thedecimal to the LEFTConverting from a smaller to a larger unit, move thedecimal to the LEFT
SmallerSmaller LargerLarger LeftLeft
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LL SS RIGHTRIGHTSS LL LEFTLEFT
Examples:Examples:
6.25 m = ________ cm6.25 m = ________ cm
12g = ________ mg12g = ________ mg
.526 L = ________ ml.526 L = ________ ml
100 cm = 1m2-zerosmove decimal to right
100 cm = 1m2-zerosmove decimal to right
625625
1200012000
526526
4526 mg = ______ g4526 mg = ______ g
5745.6 m = ______ km5745.6 m = ______ km
10,562 mL = ______ L10,562 mL = ______ L
1000 mg = 1 g3- zerosmove decimal to left
1000 mg = 1 g3- zerosmove decimal to left4.5264.526
5.74565.7456
10.56210.562
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Conversion from English to MetricConversion from English to Metric
524 m = _______ feet524 m = _______ feet
524 m 524 m
mm
ftft
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3.283.28
11== ftft1718.71718.7
1718.71718.7
1718.7 ft1718.7 ft ==3.283.28 ftft
1 m1 m524 m524 m
Important!!! – To change the unit, ALWAYShave the same unit in the denominator sothere is cancellation to the desired unit.
Important!!! – To change the unit, ALWAYShave the same unit in the denominator sothere is cancellation to the desired unit. 9
Try These conversionsTry These conversions
6.32 mm= _______ cm6.32 mm= _______ cm
5.23 km = _______ m5.23 km = _______ m
23.56 mg = ______ g23.56 mg = ______ g
2.147 kg = _______ g2.147 kg = _______ g
28.36 L = _______ mL28.36 L = _______ mL
49.4 mL = _______cm349.4 mL = _______cm3
234 m ______ mi234 m ______ mi
36.1 cm _____ in36.1 cm _____ in
559 kg = _____ lb559 kg = _____ lb
634 g = ______oz634 g = ______oz
25.2 gal ______ L25.2 gal ______ L
78.25 mL = _____gal78.25 mL = _____gal
.632.632
52305230
.02356.02356
21472147
2836028360
49.449.4
.145.145
14.2114.21
1232.31232.3
22.422.4
95.295.2
.020.020
Complete Part A of labComplete Part A of lab10
Part B – Latitude and Longitude• Where are you on earth??????????????Part B – Latitude and Longitude• Where are you on earth??????????????
Latitude/longitude• a grid system used to locate features on the earth’s surface
Latitude/longitude• a grid system used to locate features on the earth’s surface
Latitude: • parallels that move north
and south
Latitude: • parallels that move north
and south• 0o latitude = equator• 0o latitude = equator
Longitude:• meridian lines that move east and west
Longitude:• meridian lines that move east and west • 0o longitude is through Greenwich, England• 0o longitude is through Greenwich, England 11
Los Angeles, Ca 350 N-lat, 1210 W-longLos Angeles, Ca 350 N-lat, 1210 W-longSpokane, Wa 470 N-lat, 1180 W-longSpokane, Wa 470 N-lat, 1180 W-longNew York, NY 420 N-lat, 750 W-longNew York, NY 420 N-lat, 750 W-long 12
A
B
C
DE
15 N-lat, 142 W-long15 N-lat, 142 W-long
52 N-lat, 78 E-long52 N-lat, 78 E-long
18 S-lat, 162 W-long18 S-lat, 162 W-long55 S-lat, 15 W-long55 S-lat, 15 W-long
25 S-lat, 136 E-long25 S-lat, 136 E-long
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Earth as a system:• How systems exchange matter and energy
Earth as a system:• How systems exchange matter and energy
SUN
IsolatedSystemIsolatedSystem
No exchange ofmatter or energyNo exchange ofmatter or energy
SUN
ClosedSystemClosedSystem
Exchange of energybut, no matterExchange of energybut, no matter
SUN
OpenSystemOpen
System
Exchange of bothmatter and energyExchange of bothmatter and energy
Which system is the Earth?Which system is the Earth?
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The fragile Earth as a closed system is supported by fourinterrelated open systemsThe fragile Earth as a closed system is supported by fourinterrelated open systems
LithosphereRepresents the solid earthRepresents the solid earthminerals, rocks, and minerals, rocks, and interiorinterior
LithosphereRepresents the solid earthRepresents the solid earthminerals, rocks, and minerals, rocks, and interiorinterior
Atmosphere:Thin blanket of gas keepingThin blanket of gas keepinglife alive, warm, and protectedlife alive, warm, and protected
Atmosphere:Thin blanket of gas keepingThin blanket of gas keepinglife alive, warm, and protectedlife alive, warm, and protected
Hydrosphere:Interaction of all water processes,Interaction of all water processes,only planet with wateronly planet with water71% ocean, 12,500 feet deep71% ocean, 12,500 feet deepstreams, lakes, groundwaterstreams, lakes, groundwater
Hydrosphere:Interaction of all water processes,Interaction of all water processes,only planet with wateronly planet with water71% ocean, 12,500 feet deep71% ocean, 12,500 feet deepstreams, lakes, groundwaterstreams, lakes, groundwater
Biosphere:Includes all living Includes all living organisms on land, organisms on land, in water, and in airin water, and in air
Biosphere:Includes all living Includes all living organisms on land, organisms on land, in water, and in airin water, and in air
GeosphereInteraction of Interaction of all open systemsall open systems
GeosphereInteraction of Interaction of all open systemsall open systems15
Scientific InquiryScientific Inquiry – How do we know earth – How do we know earth processes are accurate?processes are accurate?
The Scientific MethodThe Scientific MethodA set of A set of logicallogical steps scientist use to steps scientist use to “get to the“get to thetruth”truth” of processes acting in the universe of processes acting in the universe
Making Making ObservationsObservations Collecting facts, asking why questions, Collecting facts, asking why questions,
Making a Making a Hypothesis Hypothesis (predictions on why)(predictions on why)explaining how and why it works (after fact finding)explaining how and why it works (after fact finding)““educated guessing”educated guessing”
Testing the hypothesis Testing the hypothesis (experimenting)(experimenting)performing experimentations that test the accuracyperforming experimentations that test the accuracy
the hypothesisthe hypothesisScientific TheoryScientific Theory
well tested hypothesis – widely accepted view thatwell tested hypothesis – widely accepted view thatexplains the observable factsexplains the observable facts 16
Part D – Scientific MethodPart D – Scientific Method
The Game of NIM’s
Objective:Use the scientific method to find strategies that allow
you to win EVERYTIME!!!
The Game of NIM’s
Objective:Use the scientific method to find strategies that allow
you to win EVERYTIME!!!
1. On each turn, you can take as many chips out of any ONE row you desire.
2. You CANNOT take chips out of columns.
3. The person taking the last chip loses.
1. On each turn, you can take as many chips out of any ONE row you desire.
2. You CANNOT take chips out of columns.
3. The person taking the last chip loses.
RowsRowsColumnsColumns
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Part-DUse the last page (scientific method)
Record your
• observations (the way the game is played
• hypothesis (predictions to win)
• test your hypothesis (experiment)
• What strategies are working
• Do you win every-time (theory)
Part-DUse the last page (scientific method)
Record your
• observations (the way the game is played
• hypothesis (predictions to win)
• test your hypothesis (experiment)
• What strategies are working
• Do you win every-time (theory)
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