Grade 5, Unit E.1, Rocks and how we use them
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Rocks
Uses of rocks
Weathering
Soil
By the end of this unit you should know:
- The rock is the solid part of the Earth's crust.
- Different rocks show different properties.
- The causes of weathering.
- Soils are formed from rocks.
- The types of soils.
- Characteristics and properties of different soil.
Grade 5, Unit E.1, Rocks and how we use them
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Science standard: 11.1
What do we walk on, live in, climb, and even sit on?
Rocks! Rocks make up Earth’s crust. Are all rocks the same?
Are the rocks shown here just like any other rocks? How can
you tell one rock from another?
. رى لؾشح االسك اقخس , ػ برا غ١ش ؼ١ؼ زغك دظ ؟ ػ اقخس
Classifying rocks: رق١ف اقخس
Getting ready: اعزؼذ
In this activity you will observe and
Classify Rocks according to
Their properties.
. رقف اقخس ثبء ػ خقبئقبف زا اؾبه عف رالزظ
Grade 5, Unit E.1, Rocks and how we use them
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Materials: ااد اغزخذخ
- 5 labelled rock samples اد اقخس ػ١ 5
- Hand lens ػذعخ ىجشح
- Dropper لطبسح
- Vinegar خ
- Safety goggles اظبسح اال١خ ؼ١
- Paper plate فس سل
- Paper towels سبس
- Beaker خجبس
- Water بء
- Glass plate فس صخبخ
Procedure: هش٠مخ اؼ
1. Make a chart like the one shown in the next page.
اػ خطو ث اخطو اخد ف اقفسخ
2. Use the hand lens to observe each rock. What colour or
colours in each rock? Record your observation in your
chart.
ب ا ا االا ف و فخشح؟عد , و فخشح اعزخذ اؼذعخ اىجشح زالزظ
الزظبره خالي خطو
3. Can you see any grains, or small pieces, making up the
rock? Are the grains very small, or are they large? Are
they rounded, or they have sharp edges? Do the next to
Grade 5, Unit E.1, Rocks and how we use them
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one another? Record your observation under texture in
your chart.
ا زءاد فغ١شح رى اقخشح؟ ز اسج١جبد فغ١شح ا , رغزط١غ ا رش زجثب
. وج١شح؟ دائش٠خ ا ب اهشاف زبدح؟عد الزظبره رسذ اظ ثخططه
4. Rub each rock against other rocks and find out whether
easily marks other rocks or a concrete floor.
. افشن و زدش ثسدش اخش خذ ارا وب اغ ا رسذس ث خذػ ا ثبسدش االخش
5. Rub the rocks with the glass plate, observe what
happens. Do you have any small pieces of rocks left on
the glass? Record your observation under rubbing in your
chart.
٠خذ رساد فغ١شح اسدبسح , افشن اسدش ثقس اضخبج الزظ برا زذس
. ػ اضخبج؟عد الزظبره رسذ ػد االززىبن ف اخطو
The characteristics related to grain size are known as a
rock's texture.
ازبثؼخ سد زج١جبد اقخس رؼشف ثج١خ ا ظ اقخس خقبئـ اي
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6. Using a hand lens, observe how many pores you can see
in the rock. This is what we call porosity.
زا ب , الزظ و ػذد اثمة از ٠ى ا رشاب ف اسدش, ثبعزخذا اؼذعخ اىجشح
. ٠غ اغب١خ
7. Caution: wear your safety goggles.( vinegar bubbles
when it is dropped on the calcite). Put the rock samples
on the paper plate. Use the dropper to add a few drops
of vinegar on each rock. Observe what happens. Record
your findings.
مغ , (فمبػبد اخ ػذب رغمو ػ اسدش اىغ),سرذ اظبسح االجخ ؼ١ا: رسز٠ش
اعزخذ امطبسح المبفخ مبه اخ ػ و , زدبس ػ اقس اسلػ١بد اال
. عد الزظبره خالي ادذي, الزظ برا ٠سذس, زدش
Rock sample
سل اؼ١خ
1 2 3 4 5
Colour
ا
Texture
اج١خ
Rubbing
االززىبن
Porosity
اغب١خ
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Bubbles when
vinegar added
افمبػبد ػذ امبفخ اخ
Easily marks
other rocks
رؼ ػ اقخس االخش
ثغخ
Science standard: 11.2
Uses of rocks depend on their properties.
Rocks are an important source of metals like Iron, Copper and
many other useful metals.
اقخس قذس ؼبد ث اسذ٠ذ اسبط , اعزخذابد اقخس رؼزذ ػ خقبئقب
. اؼبد االخش اف١ذح
Earliest man used rocks to make tools; this was called the
Stone Age
زا ع ثبؼقش اسدش , االغب امذ٠ اعزخذ اقخس ؼ ادار
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Rocks are traditionally used as building materials. The type of
rock used depends on what properties are needed.
فخس اغزخذخ ػ اخقبئـ ع اي٠ؼزذ , ف اجبءاالعزخذا ازم١ذ قخس
اطثخ
Examples: اثخ
Limestone and sandstone are used as building blocks
اسدش اىغ ٠غزخذ وأزدبس جبء
Slate is used for roofing tiles
Granite and marble are much harder than limestone
and sandstone. They are used for statues and
headstones.
Clay is used to make an important building material Cement.
٠غزخذ اققبي ؼ اد ثبئ١خ خ ث االعذ
Grade 5, Unit E.1, Rocks and how we use them
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Study this table, to learn more about the rocks and
their uses:
Name of rock
Properties
Uses
Lime stone Hard and coloured
ل Building blocks
وز ثبئ١خ
Quartz Attractive colours
اا خزاثخ Jewellery
ادشاد
Slate Water proof
مب بء Roofs and buildings
االسم١بد االث١خ
Granite Hard ل Steps, floors
االدساج االسم١ب
Marble Attractive and can be
polished
٠ى فمب خزاثخ
Steps floors
االدساج االسم١ب
Chalk Breaks easily
رزىغش ثغ Writing
ااىزبث
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There is rock under every thing. اقخس رسذ و ؽء
You can see some rocks but you can not see others.
رغزط١غ سؤ٠خ ثؼل اقخس ال رغزط١غ سؤ٠خ اجؼل االخش
You can see rocks used for building and status.
غزط١غ سؤ٠خ ااقخس اغزخذخ ف اجب امببد
You can see rocks at the bottom of the sea when
you go diving.
You can not see rocks if they are covered with grass, soil or
buildings. But they are still there.
Grade 5, Unit E.1, Rocks and how we use them
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Key questions: Q.1: Fill these spaces using the following word:
وبد ازب١خ اء افشاؽ ثبعزخذا اي a) Steps
b) Roofs
c) Writing
d) Statues
1. ………………………. are made of slate because it is water proof.
2. Chalk is used for ………………… because it wears away easily.
ال ٠زفزذ ثغخ ---------------٠غزخذ اطجؾس ف
3. ……………………….are made of marble because it is attractive and
can be polished.
Key words: Stone age انؼصش انذجشي Lime stone اسدش اىغ Quartz اىاسرض Slate زدش Granite ادشا١ذ Marble اشخب Chalk اطجؾس
Did you know? رؼ؟ The most rocks in Qatar are Sedimentary, so
they have many pores (high porosity) which
make them good container for petrol.
نهزا فها ػذد كثش ي , ا يؼظى انصخىس ف قطش ه صخىس سسىتح
نهزا ه دافظح جذج نهثتشول ( يسايح ػانح)انساياخ
Project: ؾشع Look round your environment for other uses
of rocks, record these uses and make a
report for your teacher. اوزت , اظش زي اج١ئخ از رؼ١ؼ ف١ب عد اعزخذابد اخش قخس
.رمش٠شا زي ره لذ ذسعه
Key Idea: Rocks have different uses depending on their properties قخس اعخذابد خزفخ ثبالػزبد ػ خقبئقب
Grade 5, Unit E.1, Rocks and how we use them
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Science standard: 11.3
The surface of the Earth is always changing. This may come
as a surprise, as the hills and valleys around you may not look
any different now than when you were born. This is because
the process that changes the surface of the Earth happens
very slowly.
زا ٠ى ا ٠فبخئه ا اشرفؼبد االد٠خ اس١طخ ثه , عزشاس٠زغ١ش عطر االسك ثإ
. زا ثغجت ػ١خ رغ١ش عطر االسك رسذس ثجوء, خزفخ ػ ب وبذ ػذ الدره
Causes of weathering: ػا ازد٠خ يم ػىا
1. Temperature changes: سح رغ١شاد دسخخ اسشا
Weathering is: the breaking down of rocks into
smaller and smaller pieces.
.رفزذ اقخس ا لطغ فغ١شح : ازد٠خ
Heat makes most things expand-get bigger. ( رقجر اوجش)ػظ االخغب رزذداسشاسح ردؼ
Cold makes most things contract-get smaller-. (رقجر افغش)اجشدح ردؼ ؼظ االخغب رزمـ
Grade 5, Unit E.1, Rocks and how we use them
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In most places it is warmer during the day than at night
.heat expands rocks during the day.
At night the rocks cool off and contract.
The expanding and contracting happen over and over again.
That strains the rocks. The strain makes them crack, a tiny
bit at a time. رؾمك اقخس اغزش ث غ ازذد ازمـ اغزش ١ال بسا ٠غجت
. شس الذ رزىغش رزفزذ
2. frost action: رأث١ش اقم١غ
Most things contract when they freeze Not water!!!! Water
expands when it freezes into ice. رزمـ ػذ ازدذ ب ػذا ابء ؼظ االؽ١بء
فإ زد ٠ضداد
Rain water seeps into tiny cracks in rocks .when the water
freezes it expands. The ice presses against the sides of the
cracks. The pressure is great. It can make cracks bigger .It
can even break apart the rocks. , بء اطش ٠ذخ ا اؾمق ف اقخس
ػذب ٠زدذ زا ابء فإ ٠زذدثبزب فإ اثح ٠نغو ػ خات اؾمق فزقجر اؾمق
٠ى ا رزىغش ثغخ اوجش
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3. Animal activity: اس١ابد ؾبه
Animals do not break rocks a part by themselves. But some
animals dig into the ground. Ants, worms, woodchucks, and
some others dig holes. The holes let in air and water. The air
and water weather the rocks. ى ثؼل , اس١ابد ال رىغش اقخس ثفغب
ػذ دخي ااء ابء ف ز اسفش فإب , اس١ابد رسفش ف اقخس ث ا اذ٠ذا
. رد اقخس
4. Wind: اش٠ر
Wind is sometimes strong enough to break particles of sand
from a rock. The sand may be carried by the wind. If the
sand hits another rock it will break even more particles,
causing the rock to wear away. اش٠بذ از١بب رى ل٠خ ذسخخ وبف١خ زىغش
ا اسرطذ ز االرشثخ ثبقخس فإب , رس اش٠بذ االرشثخ , اخضاء فغ١شح اقخس
. رىغش اخضاء اوثش غججخ رد٠خ اقخس
5. Water: ابء
a. When rain hits the rock it breaks it into small pieces.
b. ػذب ٠شرط ابء ثبقخس فإ ٠ىغشب ا اخضاء فغ١شح
b. Rivers carry parts of rocks as they flow over them.
االبس رس ؼب اخضاء اقخس ػذب رغ١ش فلب
Grade 5, Unit E.1, Rocks and how we use them
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Key words:
Weathering انتجىح
Frost انثهج
Expand تذد
Contract تقهص
Did you know رؼ؟ The Mississippi river
carries over 500 million
tonnes of sediment to the
sea each year!! ا ش اغ١غج ٠س اوثش
١ ه اشاعت جسش و 500
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!ػب
Project: ؾشع
Make poster for
the causes of
weathering
showing pictures
for each cause. يهصق السثاب انتجىح شكم
. يغ صىس نكم سثة
Grade 5, Unit E.1, Rocks and how we use them
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Key Ideas: Weathering is breaking down rocks into small pieces. انتجىح ه تكسش انصخىس انى اجزاء صغشج
Temperature, frost, animals, wind and water, help to weather rocks. تساػذ ف تجىح انصخىسانشاح و اناء , انذىااخ, انتجذ, انذشاسج
Expand: to become bigger تصثخ اكثش : انتذد
Contract: to become smaller رقجر افغش : ازمـ
Rock is a solid part of the Earth. اقخس ادضء اقت االسك
Earth is a rock االسك فخشح
Rocks are every where. ف و ىب اقخس خدح
Key questions: Q.1: What is meant by weathering? يارا ؼ تانتجىح؟
…………………………………………………………………………………..
Q.2: List three causes of weathering the rocks: ػذد ثالث اسثاب نتجىح انصخىس ؟
1. …………………………………………………………
2. …………………………………………………………
3. …………………………………………………………
Q.3: Describe how water can help to weather the rock. صف كف ساػذ اناء ف تجىح انصخىس؟
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
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Science standard: 11.4
Have you ever played in a sandbox? Would you believe that all
that sand was once big rock?
Soil is produced when rocks are broken down into small pieces
by weathering. رزى ازشثخ ػذ رىغش اقخس ا اخضاء فغ١شح ثبزد٠خ
The type of soil depends on the type of rock from which it
was made. ع ازشثخ ٠ؼزذ ػ ع اقخس از اؾئخ ب
Soils from different rocks have Different physical
characteristics
And properties: . االرشثخ ازىخ فخس خزفخ ب ففبد ف١ض٠بئ١خ خزفخ
Investigating soil properties:
1. Examine with hand lens: ازفسـ ػ هش٠ك ػذعخ ا١ذ
Examine different soils under a magnifying glass.
2. Particle size:- زد ازساد
Activity: ؾبه
Soil is formed from small pieces of rock
رزى ازشثخ اخضاء فغ١شح اقخس
Grade 5, Unit E.1, Rocks and how we use them
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Use a sieve to separate some different soils.
The soils should be dry and you should use the same sieve
each time to keep it a fair test.
٠دت ا رى ازشثخ خبفخ ٠دت ا رغزخذ . اعزخذ قفبح فق ااع خزفخ االرشثخ
. فظ اقفبح ف و شح ؼ اخزجبس ػبدي
3. Absorption and flow of water: االزقبؿ رذفك ابء
Activity: ؾبه
1. Poke holes in the bottoms of three plastic containers.
. ف ثالس اػ١خ ثالعز١ى١خافغ ثمثب ف اط
2. Put different type of soil in each container.
. مغ ف و ػبء ع خزف ازشثخ
3. pour water into the soil
فت ابء ػ االرشثخ
4. collect the water which comes through the container in
one minute
. االػ١خ ذح دل١مخ ازذح اخغ ابء از خشج
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Results: ……………………………………………………………………
Most soils are one of three types:
ثخ ااع ؼظ االرشثخ ثال
1. Clay soil ازشثخ اط١١خ
2. Sandy soil ازشثخ اش١خ
3. Loam soil ( ه١١خ س١خ)ازشثخ اخطخ
Soil ازشثخ
Particles through the
mesh
ازساد خالي اقفبح
Amount of water
و١خ ابء
Grade 5, Unit E.1, Rocks and how we use them
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Clay holds water. انط ذتفظ تاناء
Land with clay soil can easily flood. االسام از رشثزب ه١١خ
رطف ثغخ
Water runs quickly through sandy soil, thus plants may
not have enough water. و , اناء صشف تسشػح ي خالل انتشتح انشيهح
. تانتان انثاتاخ ن تجذ ياء كاف
Loam has just the right mix of clay, sand, and humus.
Plants grow well in loam
Type of soil ع ازشثخ
Sandy
اش١خClay
اط١١خLoam
اخطخ
Colour of soil ازشثخ
Light
فبررDark
داوLittle dark
او ل١الد
Size
زد ازساد
Large
وج١شSmall فغ١ش
Medium
زعو
Texture
اظ
Rough
خؾSmooth
بػSmooth &
rough
بػ خؾ
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Time for water to pass
through
الذ از ٠سزبخ ابء شس
Fast
عش٠غSlow
ثطءMedium
زعو
Drawing the particles
سع ازساد
Key words:
Soil انتشتح
Clay انط
Loam خهط
انط و انشيم Sandy انشيهح
Did you know?
رؼ؟ Earthworms
burrow through
the soil. As they
move, they turn
over soil better
for farming
رسفش ف ا ددح االسك
وب رسشوذ فإب , ازشاة
لت ازشثخ زا افن د
ضساػخ
Project: ؾشع Go in a trip with your
teacher and try to
collect different types
of soil, classify them
into 1. Loam soil
2. Clay soil
3. Sandy soil ارت ثشزخ غ ذسعه
اع خزفخ زبي ا ردغ ا
ث فف ز االرشثخ ا, االرشثخ
رشثخ خطخ .1 رشثخ ه١١خ .2 تشتح سيهح .3
Key Ideas: Soil is small pieces of rock انتشتح ه اجزاء صغشج ي انصخىس
Soil is classified into 3 types: تصف انصخىس انى ثالث اقساو
1. Clay soil انتشتح انطح
2. Loam soil انتشتح انختهطح ي انط و انشيم
3. Sandy soil انتشتح انشيهح
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Key questions: Q.1: Compare between the three types of soil: قاس ت االىاع انثالث ي االتشتح
Characteristic
انخاصح Sandy soil انتشتح انشيهح
Loam soil انخهطح انتشتح
Clay soil انتشتح انطح
Color
انهى
Texture
انهس
Q.2: Which type of soil is the best plants ? Why ?
ا ع االرشثخ االفن جبد؟ برا؟ ---------------------------------------------------------
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