Early Modern England
Title page from Leviathan, by Thomas Hobbes
Centralized Government and Tudor Monarchy
Centralized government consolidated under the Tudors
• Henry VII (1485-1509)• Henry VIII (1509-1547)• Edward VI (1547-1554)• Mary I (1554-1558)• Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
The Tudors
Henry VII (1485-1509)
Centralized Government and Tudor Monarchy
Henry VII became King of England in 1485, after deposing his cousin, Richard III
Centralized Government and Tudor Monarchy
Henry VII became King of England in 1585, after deposing his cousin, Richard III
Henry’s claim to the throne was tenuous, based on illegitimate succession
Centralized Government and Tudor Monarchy
Henry VII became King of England in 1585, after deposing his cousin, Richard III
Henry’s claim to the throne was tenuous, based on illegitimate succession
But Henry claimed to inherit the throne both through the “Yorkist” and the “Lancastrian” successions
Centralized Government and Tudor Monarchy
Henry VII became King of England in 1585, after deposing his cousin, Richard III
Henry’s claim to the throne was tenuous, based on illegitimate succession
But Henry claimed to inherit the throne both through the “Yorkist” and the “Lancastrian” successions
This claim was part of the ideological basis upon which he began to consolidate power under the central government
The Tudors
Henry VIII (1509-1547)
Centralized Government and Tudor Monarchy
• Henry continued his father’s program of centralizing government
bureaucracy
Centralized Government and Tudor Monarchy
• Henry continued his father’s program of centralizing government
bureaucracy
• In 1533 Henry broke with the Catholic Church over the
disagreement about his divorce
Centralized Government and Tudor Monarchy
• Henry continued his father’s program of centralizing government
bureaucracy
• In 1533 Henry broke with the Catholic Church over the
disagreement about his divorce
• England became a protestant nation, with Henry as the head of the
Church of England
Centralized Government and Tudor Monarchy
• Henry continued his father’s program of centralizing government
bureaucracy
• In 1533 Henry broke with the Catholic Church over the
disagreement about his divorce
• England became a protestant nation, with Henry as the head of the
Church of England
• Henry confiscated all property of the Roman Catholic Church
Centralized Government and Tudor Monarchy
• Henry continued his father’s program of centralizing government
bureaucracy
• In 1533 Henry broke with the Catholic Church over the
disagreement about his divorce
• England became a protestant nation, with Henry as the head of the
Church of England
• Henry confiscated all property of the Roman Catholic Church
• Henry transformed many church schools into public “grammar
schools”; this promoted a rise in literacy
Centralized Government and Tudor Monarchy
• Henry continued his father’s program of centralizing government
bureaucracy
• In 1533 Henry broke with the Catholic Church over the
disagreement about his divorce
• England became a protestant nation, with Henry as the head of the
Church of England
• Henry confiscated all property of the Roman Catholic Church
• Henry transformed many church schools into public “grammar
schools”; this promoted a rise in literacy
• Henry distributed confiscated church lands to his loyal followers
Centralized Government and Tudor Monarchy
• Henry continued his father’s program of centralizing government
bureaucracy
• In 1533 Henry broke with the Catholic Church over the
disagreement about his divorce
• England became a protestant nation, with Henry as the head of the
Church of England
• Henry confiscated all property of the Roman Catholic Church
• Henry transformed many church schools into public “grammar
schools”; this promoted a rise in literacy
• Henry distributed confiscated church lands to his loyal followers
• Many British subjects developed a sense of national pride in the
country’s independence from the Pope
Centralized Government and Tudor Monarchy
• Henry continued his father’s program of centralizing government
bureaucracy
• In 1533 Henry broke with the Catholic Church over the
disagreement about his divorce
• England became a protestant nation, with Henry as the head of the
Church of England
• Henry confiscated all property of the Roman Catholic Church
• Henry transformed many church schools into public “grammar
schools”; this promoted a rise in literacy
• Henry distributed confiscated church lands to his loyal followers
• Many British subjects developed a sense of national pride in the
country’s independence from the Pope
• Radical protestants were emboldened; religious dissent would
also have political consequences tending toward democracy
The Tudors
Edward VI (1547-1554)
The Tudors
Mary I (1554-1558)
The Tudors
Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
Centralized Government and Tudor Monarchy
• Elizabeth I continued policies of Tudor power
Centralized Government and Tudor Monarchy
• Elizabeth I continued policies of Tudor power
• Elizabeth maintained protestant independence
Centralized Government and Tudor Monarchy
• Elizabeth I continued policies of Tudor power
• Elizabeth maintained protestant independence
• Elizabeth’s army defeated Scottish uprising, further consolidating
national power
Centralized Government and Tudor Monarchy
• Elizabeth I continued policies of Tudor power
• Elizabeth maintained protestant independence
• Elizabeth’s army defeated Scottish uprising, further consolidating
national power
• Elizabeth managed the tensions among factions of the nobility;
each faction expected to take control of the government, without
staging a military coup, by influencing her choice of a husband
Centralized Government and Tudor Monarchy
• Elizabeth I continued policies of Tudor power
• Elizabeth maintained protestant independence
• Elizabeth’s army defeated Scottish uprising, further consolidating
national power
• Elizabeth managed the tensions among factions of the nobility;
each faction expected to take control of the government, without
staging a military coup, by influencing her choice of a husband
• Elizabeth never got married
Centralized Government and Tudor Monarchy
• Elizabeth I continued policies of Tudor power
• Elizabeth maintained protestant independence
• Elizabeth’s army defeated Scottish uprising, further consolidating
national power
• Elizabeth managed the tensions among factions of the nobility;
each faction expected to take control of the government, without
staging a military coup, by influencing her choice of a husband
• Elizabeth never got married
• Elizabeth’s navy defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588
Centralized Government and Tudor Monarchy
• Elizabeth I continued policies of Tudor power
• Elizabeth maintained protestant independence
• Elizabeth’s army defeated Scottish uprising, further consolidating
national power
• Elizabeth managed the tensions among factions of the nobility;
each faction expected to take control of the government, without
staging a military coup, by influencing her choice of a husband
• Elizabeth never got married
• Elizabeth’s navy defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588
• Under Elizabeth, England began efforts to establish colonies in
Ireland and the Americas
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