Draft Final Report
Municipal
Corporation Shimla
Himachal Pradesh
Assessment of Non Revenue water and Developing
Strategy and Implementation Action Plan for Reduction
of Non-Revenue water in Shimla City
WAPCOS LIMITED
(A Government of India Undertaking)
(Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation)
76-C, Institutional Area Sector-18, Gurgaon -122015
(Haryana), India
Phone: +91-124-2397391, Fax: +91-124-2399224
E-mail: [email protected]
June, 2018
Assessment of NRW and developing Strategy and Implementation Action Plan
for Reduction of NRW in the City of Shimla
Draft Final Report
MUNICIPAL CORPORATION SHIMLA
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Table of Contents
LIST OF TABLE ........................................................................................................................................... 3
LIST OF FIGURE ......................................................................................................................................... 4
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................. 6
CHAPTER 1 .............................................................................................................................................. 10
1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 10
1.1 General ........................................................................................................................................... 10
1.2 Project Background ........................................................................................................................ 10
1.3 Objective ......................................................................................................................................... 13
1.4 Scope of Work ................................................................................................................................ 13
1.5 Project Area .................................................................................................................................... 15
1.6 Status Update ................................................................................................................................. 15
CHAPTER 2 .............................................................................................................................................. 19
2 Population Forecast and Demand Estimation ................................................................................ 19
2.1 Population Forecast ............................................................................................................... 19
2.2 Land Use ................................................................................................................................ 22
CHAPTER 3 .............................................................................................................................................. 25
3 CURRENT SCENARIO OF WATER SUPPLY ........................................................................................ 25
CHAPTER 4 .............................................................................................................................................. 35
4 STUDY APPROACH AND NRW ASSESSMENT .................................................................................. 35
4.1 Study of Transmission Losses ................................................................................................ 36
4.1.1 Ashwani Khad to Kasumpti ............................................................................................. 36
4.1.2 Gumma to Sanjauli ......................................................................................................... 38
4.1.3 Giri to Sanjauli ................................................................................................................ 39
4.2 Study of NRW Losses in DMA ................................................................................................ 41
4.2.1 Sec-3 New Shimla ........................................................................................................... 42
4.2.2 Jhaku ............................................................................................................................... 44
4.2.3 Dhalli ............................................................................................................................... 45
4.2.4 Fingask ............................................................................................................................ 49
4.2.5 Vikas Nagar ..................................................................................................................... 50
CHAPTER 5 .............................................................................................................................................. 54
Assessment of NRW and developing Strategy and Implementation Action Plan
for Reduction of NRW in the City of Shimla
Draft Final Report
MUNICIPAL CORPORATION SHIMLA
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5 NRW REDUCTION STRATEGY .......................................................................................................... 54
5.1 No/Low-Cost Short Term Solutions .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.2 NRW Reduction Program ......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.2.1 Preparatory Surveys ....................................................................................................... 55
5.2.2 DMA Establishment ........................................................................................................ 56
5.2.3 Flow and Consumption Measurement ........................................................................... 57
5.2.4 Reducing Commercial Losses ......................................................................................... 59
5.2.5 Reducing Physical Loses ................................................................................................. 59
5.2.6 NRW Monitoring ............................................................................................................. 60
5.3 Recommended Option: ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Assessment of NRW and developing Strategy and Implementation Action Plan
for Reduction of NRW in the City of Shimla
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MUNICIPAL CORPORATION SHIMLA
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LIST OF TABLE
Table 1: Population of year 2011 .................................................................................................. 15
Table 2: Finally accepted projected population ............................................................................. 20
Table 3: Land use areas for the year of 2004 .................................................................................. 22
Table 4: Land use areas for the year of 2021 .................................................................................. 23
Table 5: Adjusted Land use areas................................................................................................... 24
Table 6: Source of Water Supply in SPA ........................................................................................ 25
Table 7: Location of Service Reservoir in SPA ............................................................................... 26
Table 8: Zoning of Shimla Water Supply Distribution Network ..................................................... 28
Table 9: Types and Number of Connections .................................................................................. 29
Table 10: Present Water tariff (FY 2015-2016) .............................................................................. 29
Table 11: Present Water tariff ....................................................................................................... 30
Table 12 Revenue Generated in Last Three Years .......................................................................... 31
Table 13 Summary of Collection of Income from Domestic & Commercial Water Supply (FY 2012-
2013, 2013-2014. 2014-2015, 2015-2016) ..................................................................................... 32
Table 14 Collection of Income from Miscellaneous Charges (FY 2010-2011, 2011-2012, 2012-
2013, 2013-2014. 2014-2015, 2015-2016) ..................................................................................... 33
Table 15: Water Supply Benchmark – MC Shimla ........................................................................ 34
Table 16 Details of Ashwani Khad Pump House ............................................................................. 37
Table 17 Details of Kawalag Pump House ...................................................................................... 37
Table 18 Details of Gumma Water Supply Scheme ........................................................................ 39
Table 19 Details of Giri Pump House (Stage1) ................................................................................ 39
Table 20 Details of Ukhaldhar Pump House (Stage2)..................................................................... 40
Table 21 Total water measured at source by ultrasonic flow meter ............................................. 41
Table 22 Flow Monitoring data at the outlet of Sanjauli Reservoir ............................................... 42
Table 23 IWA Water Balance for DMA1 New Shimla Sec-3 ........................................................... 43
Table 24 IWA Water Balance for DMA 2 Jhaku .............................................................................. 45
Table 25 IWA Water Balance for DMA 3 Dhalli (Area 1) ................................................................ 48
Table 26 IWA Water Balance for DMA 3 Dhalli (Area 2) ................................................................ 48
Table 27 IWA Water Balance for DMA 4 Fingask ........................................................................... 50
Table 28 IWA Water Balance for DMA 5 Vikas Nagar .................................................................... 51
Assessment of NRW and developing Strategy and Implementation Action Plan
for Reduction of NRW in the City of Shimla
Draft Final Report
MUNICIPAL CORPORATION SHIMLA
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LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 1: IWA Water Balance ......................................................................................................... 11
Figure 2 Components of physical and commercial water losses................................................... 12
Figure 3 Physical and commercial losses ........................................................................................ 12
Figure 4 Kick-off Meeting ............................................................................................................... 16
Figure 5 World Bank Meeting -1 .................................................................................................... 16
Figure 6 World Bank Meeting 2 ...................................................................................................... 16
Figure 7 Survey Team with lineman of MC Shimla ......................................................................... 17
Figure 8 Validation of Survey: Inspection by Sh. Vijay Gupta, Ex- Engineer & Sh. Gopesh Bahl,
SDO, MC Shimla .............................................................................................................................. 18
Figure 9 Decadal population growth of the Shimla city ............................................................... 19
Figure 10 Rate of Decadal Growth in Population .......................................................................... 19
Figure 12 Rate of Growth in Floating Population ........................................................................... 20
Figure 11 Decadal Growth in Floating Popultion ........................................................................... 20
Figure 13 Land Use Distribution ..................................................................................................... 22
Figure 14: Modes of water supply .................................................................................................. 26
Figure 15 Tranmission mains from Koti Brandi and Been (10” & 5”) ............................................. 36
Figure 16 Tranmission mains from Koti Brandi and Been (20”) ..................................................... 36
Figure 17 Tranmission mains from Koti Brandi and Been (5” each) .............................................. 36
Figure 18 Water Balance from Ashwani Khad to Kasumpti Reservoir ........................................... 38
Figure 19 Water Balance from Gumma to Sanjauli Reservoir ........................................................ 39
Figure 20 Water Balance from Giri to Sanjauli Reservoir .............................................................. 40
Assessment of NRW and developing Strategy and Implementation Action Plan
for Reduction of NRW in the City of Shimla
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A B B R E V I A T I O N S
CDP City Development Plan
DPR Detailed Project Report
DMA District Meter Area
EA Executive Agency
GOI Government of India
HP Himachal Pradesh
JNNURM Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
KL Kilo Litres
Lpcd Litres per capita day
NRW Non-Revenue Water
MC Shimla Shimla Municipal Corporation
ML Million Litres
MLD Million Litres Per Day
MoUD Ministry of Urban Development
O&M Operation and Maintenance
PSP Public Stand Post
SCADA Supervisory Control and DATA Acquisition
SPA Shimla Planning Area
ULB Urban Local Body
Assessment of NRW and developing Strategy and Implementation Action Plan
for Reduction of NRW in the City of Shimla
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.0 Background
NRW assessment is an indicator of the service providers’ efforts in maintaining the assets of the
utility in general, and the network in specific, in good working conditions. It helps the utility plan
for investment in the rehabilitation or replacement of the network and in budget preparation.
NRW losses seriously affects the water utilities through lost revenue and increased O&M Cost.
Under the Government of India Smart City Mission and AMRUT scheme, Shimla is undergoing
major infrastructure development. One of the key components of Capacity Building for Urban
Development (CBUD) project is capacity building for strengthened urban management. One of
this development projects is assessment of NRW and prepare a strategy to reduce the same.
Municipal Corporation Shimla received funds from Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) for
reducing non-revenue water. Accordingly, it had invited expression of Interest for “Assessment
of NRW and developing Strategy and Implementation Action Plan for Reduction of NRW in the
City of Shimla”. The work is awarded to WAPCOS Limited vide Letter No. MCS/WSD/ (Tender/
Award Letter) 2017 dated 17.04.17 and subsequently contract agreement was signed on
18.04.17.
Shimla, the capital of Himachal Pradesh, with its salubrious climate, mountainous topography
and scenic landscape is a major national and international tourist destination. Shimla Municipal
Corporation is the responsible body for provision of water and waste water services in the city.
The present Municipal area is overcrowded and there is no further scope for expansion.
2.0 Status of Water Supply
Following are the major sources of water supply:
S.No. Source of Water Capacity as on April, 2018
1 Gumma + Nauti 21.8 MLD
2 Giri 20.0 MLD
3 Koti Brandi/ AshwaniKhad
2.7 MLD
4 Churat 3.5 MLD
5 Chair 3.0 MLD
6 Dhalli Catchment/ Shiyog
0.5 MLD
Total 51.5 MLD
Thus, the approximate capacity of water at source is 51.5 MLD. The service storage capacity is
26.447 Million liters. The total service connections are approximately 30,994.
Assessment of NRW and developing Strategy and Implementation Action Plan
for Reduction of NRW in the City of Shimla
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3.0 Current Water Balance and NRW Assessment
The components of NRW can be determined by conducting a water balance. This is based on
the measurement or estimation of water produced, imported, exported, consumed or lost – the
calculation should balance. The water balance calculation provides a guide to how much is lost
as leakage from the network (‘real’ losses), and how much is due to ‘apparent’ or non-physical
losses.
Bulk water supply system has been studied to identify the losses in transmission. The main
source of water is Gumma, Giri, NautiKhad, AshwaniKhad, Churat and Chair. The losses in
transmission from Gumma to Sanjauli is 30.46%, from Giri/ NautiKhad to Sanjauli is 23.73%
and from AshwaniKhad to Kasumpti is 24%. The total water lost in the transmission is 10.627
MLD out of 41.213 MLD supplied from source i.e. 25.785 %.
To conduct NRW Study, five DMAs have been finalized namely Sec-3 New Shimla, Dhalli, Fingask,
Jhaku and Vikas Nagar. Individual NRW Study was conducted in each DMA and results are as
follows:
S.No. DMAs NRW % (flow monitoring -2)
1. Sec-3 New Shimla 22.89
2. Jhaku 15.34
3. Dhalli 22.2/37 avg(29.6)
4. Fingask 6.3
5. Vikas Nagar 16.68
The total water supplied to all these five DMAs was 1.757 MLD out of which 0.366 MLD was lost
at Service Connection. Thus NRW in studied DMA is 20.8%
By Combining the Transmission/ Distribution losses with DMA Study, the projected value of
NRW for Shimla City is 46.585%
4.0 NRW reduction strategy
The key to developing a strategy for management of non-revenue water (NRW) is to gain a
better understanding of the reasons for NRW and the factors which influence its components.
Then techniques and procedures can be developed. WAPCOS has prepared short term and long
term NRW reduction strategy and submitting along with this report. The focus needs to be on
reforms aiming at providing sustainability of services at least for the O&M component.
Following are the proposed strategy for NRW reduction to achieve targeted 15 % NRW in the
system.
Assessment of NRW and developing Strategy and Implementation Action Plan
for Reduction of NRW in the City of Shimla
Draft Final Report
MUNICIPAL CORPORATION SHIMLA
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Short Term Solutions
Developing network data base
Metering of High Revenue Customers
Installation of SCADA system
Upgrading complaint registration system
Training/Exposure visits
NRW Reduction Program
Preparatory Surveys
Setting up a core “NRW Team”
Base Maps
Customer door-to-door survey
Topographical Ground Survey
Network mapping
Setting up a GIS
DMA Establishment
Hydraulic modeling
DMAestablishment
Flow and Consumption Measurement
Production metering
Zone meters
Customer metering
Extend metered connections in unserved areas
Reducing Commercial Losses
Regularize illegal connections
Improved billing and revenue collection
Reducing Physical Loses
Continuous water supply
Leak detection and repair within the DMAs
Pipe and connection replacements
Pressure management
SCADA system
Assessment of NRW and developing Strategy and Implementation Action Plan
for Reduction of NRW in the City of Shimla
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NRW Monitoring
Network monitoring and management
5.0 Implementation Options
The main contract element therefore is "Non- Revenue Water Reduction and Management
Services" which will be paid on a performance basis. The contract will be implemented in four
distinct phases.
Phase Period
Study Phase 12 months from the date of commencement of
contract and up to approval
ofServiceImprovementPlan(SIP) DMA Establishment Phase 12 months from the date of approval of SIP
Rehabilitation Phase 36 months from the date of approval of SIP
NRW Reduction Phase 60 months from the date of approval of SIP
and up to the date of completion of contract
6.0 Way Forward
Final Report will be submitted after incorporation of comments provided by MC Shimla.
Assessment of NRW and developing Strategy and Implementation Action Plan
for Reduction of NRW in the City of Shimla
Draft Final Report
MUNICIPAL CORPORATION SHIMLA
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CHAPTER 1
1 Introduction
1.1 General
Shimla with its salubrious climate, mountainous topography and scenic landscape is a major hill
resort for national and international tourists. Its history goes back to the British days when it was
first discovered as a beautiful scenic location for summer resort. Its importance grew when it
was declared summer capital of Govt. of India in 1864 AD. The city further attained the status of
capital of Himachal Pradesh in the year 1966 AD after reorganisation of the state’s boundaries.
Since then Shimla became a burgeoning city with multifarious activities like trade, commerce,
tourism, education, health institution, Govt., Offices, infrastructure, traffic and transportation.
The present Municipal area is overcrowded and there is no further scope for expansion whereas
there is a huge demand for residential and commercial plots. To meet with this demand, Govt.,
proposed to establish satellite towns in Shimla Planning Area by extending the Municipal
boundary.
The present scale of water to rural or urban population is generally inadequate all over the
country hence the MC, Shimla is no exception. Increasing demand of rising population, non-
availability of potential source, inadequacy of infrastructure etc all lead to scarcity of drinking
water in the project area. Non-Revenue Water is another major leading to scarcity of water.
City Development Plan (CDP) proposed under JNNURM identifies water supply and sanitation as
a major priority area to be tackled in order to lessen the growing gap between demand and
supply.
1.2 Project Background
Government of India selected 100 cities after big competition under the Smart City Mission
(SCM), and out of which 20 Cities have already been included for development as Smart Cities in
the first phase, Shimla is one of them. CBUD has envisaged reforms in urban utilities under
Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) and present project is result of the same. Under the
mission one of the reform is to make an action plan to reduce water losses to less than 20
percent and to publish on website.
The proposed project is in Shimla, the capital city of Himachal Pradesh (HP). Today, Shimla city
is rapidly expanding, with its economy largely driven by tourism. There is a huge tourist
population all year round, but mostly adding to WSS demand during the peak summer season.
Assessment of NRW and developing Strategy and Implementation Action Plan
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Despite the improvements carried out so far, as aforesaid, scarcity of water prevails in many
pockets of the city. This status will further be adversely affected by establishing the proposed
satellite towns in Shimla Planning Area. Depletion of yield of sources during lean period and
increase in demand during the summer results in water shortage in the city.
Non-revenue water is an important topic, as it influences the financial sustainability,
serviceability and the management of precious water resources to a large extend. The
International Water Association’s (IWA) definition of Non-Revenue Water (NRW) is the
difference between the water that are distributed into the water distribution network and the
water that are invoiced with the customer. Figure 1 presents the IWA water balance, the most
widely accepted framework for understanding NRW. As shown in the table, NRW includes real
losses (physical losses, such as leakages), apparent losses (commercial losses, such as illegal
water connections) and unbilled authorized consumption (such as water used by fire fighters, or
for the watering of public parks).
Figure 1: IWA Water Balance
Figure 2 elaborates on different components of physical and commercial losses. Losses at
treatment works and during the collection process are not taken into NRW.
A detailed study of the water supply system requires an understanding of the city features along
with the pattern of their development. Water supply plans cannot be planned in isolation. Water
supply plan has intimate linkage with land use pattern, sewerage, surface and ground water
development, industrial development etc and therefore it is necessary to examine these aspects.
Syst
em In
pu
t V
olu
me
Authorized
Consumption
Billed Authorized
Consumption
Billed Metered Consumption Revenue Water
Billed Un-metered Consumption
Unbilled
Authorized
Consumption
Un-billed Metered Consumption
Non-Revenue
Water (NRW)
Un-billed Un-metered Consumption (Public post
& School)
Water Losses
Apparent Losses
Unauthorized Consumption
Metering Inaccuracies
Real Losses
Leakage on Transmission and/or Distribution
Mains
Leakage and Overflows at Utility’s Storage Tanks
Leakage on Service Connections up to point of
Customer metering
Assessment of NRW and developing Strategy and Implementation Action Plan
for Reduction of NRW in the City of Shimla
Draft Final Report
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Figure 2 Components of physical and commercial water losses
Figure 3 shows an adjusted water balance for developing countries. The commercial losses are
represented by green shaded arrows and the physical losses in a single dark blue arrow.
Although the layout is different, it is consistent with the IWA Water Balance, with the exception
outlined above (paid for versus billed).
Figure 3 Physical and commercial losses
However, in most developing countries, the billing/collection efficiency should be taken into
account when looking at NRW losses. It may be so that not all invoices are delivered to the
consumers, or that not for all bills the fees are collected. As opposed to in developed countries,
in many developing countries this may prove a significant factor in missed revenues. Therefore,
one should count only the water that is paid for as revenue water.
Assessment of NRW and developing Strategy and Implementation Action Plan
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NRW is very often still expressed in percentages, which is easily calculated and seems very
intuitive. However, expressing NRW as a percentage of system input volume is a misleading and
imprecise method, particularly in systems with intermittent supply and very low operating
pressures, as is the case in many developing countries. It is this unit that IWA has set as the
international standard performance indicator for NRW.
1.3 Objective
The core objective of this study is:
a) To assess the area wise water losses (in selected DMA)
b) Identify the reasons for water losses and suggest specific solutions for selected DMA under
the study.
c) Preparation of a detailed 3 to 5-year NRW reduction strategy (yearly activity plan) based
on reduction of losses proposed and cost associated (i.e.no cost, low cost, medium cost
and high cost interventions).
1.4 Scope of Work
Scope of work consistent with objectives is as follows as envisaged in the TOR documents:
1. Assessment of ‘As is situation” e.g. collection, collation and analysis of existing data, field
tests as required to assess and estimate the level of commercial losses through illegal
connections, billing errors, and collection system physical losses through leaks and
bursts in primary and secondary networks and house service connections and reservoir
overflows and develop a strategy for structured control and reduction of NRW in a
phased manner (short term, Midterm and long term) to enable provision of
continuous pressurized water supply services to the customers.
2. In a city where there is no metering, the Consulting firm will conduct detailed survey
including measuring of discharge at household level for NRW assessment. The sample
selection and sample size will be finalized in consultation with the SPV but in any case
sample size shall not be less than the 5% of the proposed DMA or supply zone. As an
outcome, the detail of DMA wise NRW losses (physical and commercial) in quantum
and percent shall be submitted.
3. The Consultant will prepare a detailed 3 to 5-year NRW reduction strategy (yearly
activity plan) based on reduction of losses proposed and cost associated (i.e. no cost,
low cost, medium cost and high cost interventions). Provide support for seamless
convergence with “AMRUT” for implementation of the strategy by facilitating its
inclusion in the Service Level Improvement Plan (SLIP) for the year 2017-18 AMRUT.
Assessment of NRW and developing Strategy and Implementation Action Plan
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4. The consultant will assess the area wise water losses (in each DMA or supply zone), identify
the reasons for water losses and suggest specific solutions for each area. The Consultant will
also prepare a detailed physical and commercial loss reduction forecasts for the detailed
plan.
5. The Consultant will determine which activities shall be outsourced for NRW reduction
and which should be carried out by MC Shimla.
6. The consultant will broadly undertake following key activities:
a. Data collection on existing infrastructure assets and cost recovery.
b. Evaluation of current production, transmission and distribution service performance.
c. Sample surveys in consultation with the SPV for determining the customer consumption
volumes.
d. Prepare current water balance as per International Water Association (IWA)
methodology.
e. To do the Energy Audit of the machinery being used for the raw water, Water
treatment and supply.
f. Establish current annual levels of NRW with breakup of commercial and physical losses
and evaluate the economic loss to the utility.
g. Develop strategy for progressive reduction of NRW with detailed action plan and costs
involved.
h. Evaluate options for implementation of NRW reduction strategy.
i. Provide a roadmap for rationalization of user charges.
j. Provide roadmap for improvement in current system to achieve the objectives of the
assignment.
k. Prepare implementation contract documents on performance based NRW reduction
framework.
l. Assist the utility in obtaining funding for implementation.
7. Preparation of GIS Maps by using Auto CAD and shall cover all built-up areas of the project &
future areas to be developed. All geographical features such as transport network, buildings,
land use pattern, water supply assets etc. shall be grouped in different layers.
Assessment of NRW and developing Strategy and Implementation Action Plan
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8. Conduct the energy audit for Shimla Water Supply Scheme with the objective to seek
opportunities to reduce the amount of energy input into the system without negatively
affecting the outputs.
1.5 Project Area
Shimla was first constituted as Municipal Committee and subsequently converted into
Corporation with effect from 29th June 1969. At present Municipal Corporation of Shimla consist
of 25 wards having population of 1,71,640 as recorded during 2011 census operation. The
geographical area coverage of MC, Shimla is approximately 22.07 Sq. Km.
Table 1: Population of year 2011
Sl. No. Area Person
1) M.C. Shimla & Jutog 169578 + 2062 = 171640
Source – Census 2011
1.6 Status Update
The work is awarded to WAPCOS Limited vide Letter No. MCS/WSD/ (Tender/ Award Letter)
2017 dated 17.04.17 and subsequently agreement is signed on 18.04.17.
WAPCOS has already submitted the following reports:
i. Inception report vide letter No. WAP/ Infra/HP/Shimla-NRW/2017/05-01 dated
20.05.17
ii. Revised inception report vide Letter No.WAP/Infra/HP/Shimla-NRW/2017/06-01 dated
21.06.2017
iii. Interim Report-1 vide Letter No. WAP/Infra/HP/Shimla-NRW/2017/07-01 dated
31.07.2017.
iv. Interim Report-2 vide Letter No. WAP/Infra/HP/Shimla-NRW/2017/12-01 dated
15.12.2017.
v. Interim Report-3 vide Letter No. No./WAP/Infra/HP/Shimla-NRW/2018/01-01 dated
15.01.2018
Following are the meetings held till now regarding the project:
1. Kick off meeting: The meeting was held on 2nd May 2017. All the team members discussed the
approach and methodology to proceed with the NRW study and to confirm the understanding
of system requirement specific to Shimla City Water Supply. All present in meeting assured
immediate supply of requisite data.
Assessment of NRW and developing Strategy and Implementation Action Plan
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Figure 4 Kick-off Meeting
2. World Bank Meeting - 1: Meeting was held among World Bank, MC Shimla and WAPCOS
Officials on 04.06.2017 regarding progress of the Project. A brief power point presentation by
WAPCOS was made in front of World Bank and MC Shimla Officials. World Bank Officials
instructed to speed up the pace of work to meet the set deadlines.
Figure 5 World Bank Meeting -1
3. World Bank Meeting - 2: Meeting was held with Mr. Gerhardus N. A. Soppe, Senior Water
Supply and Sanitation Specialist, World Bank regarding data collection and results obtained for
Sec-3, New Shimla. Methodology was explained by WAPCOS and suggestions made by Mr.
Soppewere well received.
Figure 6 World Bank Meeting 2
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Apart from above mentioned meetings, a number of meetings were held with Sh.
Dharmender Gill, Superintending Engineer, GSWSSC, MC Shimla, Sh. Vijay Gupta, Municipal
Engineer, MC Shimla and other MC Officials regarding various aspects of the project.
4. DMA Study (conducted in November & December, 2017):
Flow monitoring and household meter reading survey was conducted in the month of
November and December, 2017. A team of six surveyors was deployed to collect the meter
reading from all the DMAs and flow monitoring was done by the following Officials of
WAPCOS:
1. Sh. Deepak Sharma, NRW Expert
2. Sh. Bhanu Pratap, Engineer
3. Sh. Sureshwar Thakur, Technician
Figure 7 Survey Team with lineman of MC Shimla
5. Bulk water assessment and validation of DMA Study (conducted in May, 2018):
MC Shimla vide Letter No. MCS/ME/Supdt.(W)-WAPCOS/WS/18-460 dated 17/02/18 desired
a validation survey in the selected DMAs as a large number of old meters were being
replaced at the time of survey. Thus WAPCOS conducted a validation survey from 02/05/18
to 28/05/18 along with Bulk water assessment.
Assessment of NRW and developing Strategy and Implementation Action Plan
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Figure 8 Validation of Survey: Inspection by Sh. Vijay Gupta, Ex- Engineer & Sh. Gopesh Bahl, SDO, MC Shimla
The Bulk Water Assessment and validation survey was conducted with the help of following
officials of MC Shimla and WAPCOS Limited:
1. Sh. Dharmender Gill, Superintending Engineer, GSWSSC, MC Shimla
2. Sh. Rajesh Kashyap, Executive Engineer, GSWSSC, MC Shimla
3. Sh. Vijay Gupta, Executive Engineer, MC Shimla
4. Sh. Gopal Krishna, Executive Engineer, MC Shimla
5. Sh. Gopesh Bahl, SDO, MC Shimla
6. Sh. Sushil Sharma, SDO, MC Shimla
7. Sh. Shashi kant Sharma, SDO, MC Shimla
8. Sh. Umesh Dogra, SDO, MC Shimla
9. Sh. Puran, JE, MC Shimla
10. Sh. Dinesh, JE, MC Shimla
11. Sh. Rajesh Mandhotra, JE, MC Shimla
12. Sh. Pathania, Foreman, MC Shimla
13. Sh. Chandra Mohan, Dhalli Lineman, MC Shimla
14. Sh. Dharmanand, Jhaku Lineman, MC Shimla
15. Sh. Amichand, Fingask Lineman, MC Shimla
16. Sh. Rajesh, Vikas Nagar Lineman, MC Shimla
17. Sh. Inder Singh, New Shimla, Lineman, MC Shimla
18. Sh. Rajender Pal, MC Shimla
19. Sh. Keshav, Filter Operator, Dhalli
20. Ms. Vasvi Aggarwal, Engineer, WAPCOS Ltd
21. Sh. Sumit Roy, Engineer, WAPCOS Ltd
22. Sh. Bhanu Pratap, Engineer, WAPCOS Ltd
23. Sh. Sureshwar Thakur, Technician, WAPCOS Ltd
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CHAPTER 2
2 Population Forecast and Demand Estimation
2.1 Population Forecast MC Shimla engaged Dr. Das Asra for preparation of prospective population projections. MC
Shimla handed over a copy to WAPCOS for this project and same is reciprocated below.
Population of the Shimla as per 2011 census is 1,71,640. The decadal population growth of the
city is shown in Figure 8. The rate of decadal growth is shown in Figure 9 and the projected
population is shown in Figure 10.
Population forecast, made by incremental increase method seems to be rational as the
decadal population is decreasing in nature and population is increasing linearly. Hence, the
forecast as made by Incremental increase method is adopted which is shown in Table 2.
72870
95851
129827
156127171640
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Po
pu
lati
on
Year
31.5435.45
20.26
9.94
0
10
20
30
40
1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Dec
adal
Gro
wth
(in
p
erce
nta
ge)
Year
Figure 9 Decadal population growth of the Shimla city
Figure 10 Rate of Decadal Growth in Population
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Table 2: Finally accepted projected population
S.No Year Population
1. 2017 185261
2. 2020 196848
3. 2035 242357
4. 2050 294078
Floating Population
The decadal growth of the Floating Population of Shimla City is shown in Figure 11 and rate of
growth is shown in Figure 12.The projected floating population of the city is shown in Figure 13.
100
50
34.39
74.24
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1981 1991 2001 2011
DEC
AD
AL
GR
OW
TH IN
FL
OA
TIN
G P
OP
ULA
TIO
N
YEAR
20
00
0
40
00
0
60
00
0
80
63
5
14
05
00
1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
FLO
ATI
NG
PO
PU
LATI
ON
YEAR
Decadal growth in floating population
Figure 11 Rate of Growth in Floating Population
Figure 12 Decadal Growth in Floating Popultion
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It is observed that the Incremental increase method gives rational figures and hence, adopted.
2017 2020 2035 2050
Value of n 0.6 0.9 2.4 3.9
Arithmetic Method 158575 167613 212800 257988
Incremental Increase Method 164953 178974 267016 384958
Geometric Progression Method 186111 214207 432610 873693
Graphical Method 183000 187000 215000 225000
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
800000
900000
1000000
Po
pu
lati
on
Years
Projected Floating Population
2017 2020 2035 2050
Arithmetic method 193864 193864 230903 267943
Incremental increase method 185261 191735 220747 244157
Geometric Progression Method 193160 204910 275301 369874
Graphical Method 184000 187000 215000 225000
Value of n 0.6 0.9 2.4 3.9
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
Po
pu
lati
on
Population Projection
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2.2 Land Use
City Development Plan (CDP) of Town and Country Planning Department has recorded. Land
use areas of the city for the year of 2004 and predicted land use areas for the year 2021 as
shown in Figure 8, Tables 3 and 4 respectively.
Table 3: Land use areas for the year of 2004
Sr.No. Land Use Area (in Hectare) % of urban area % of Planning Area
1 Residential 903.13 61.19 9.07
2 Commercial 25.22 1.71 0.25
3 Industrial 9 0.62 0.09
4 Tourism 21.7 1.47 0.22
5 Public & semi- public 138.78 9.4 1.39
6 Parks & open spaces 6 0.41 0.06
7 Traffic and
Transportation
371.93 25.2 3.75
Total 1,475.76 100
8 Agriculture 2,174.75 21.85
9 Forest 6,080.15 61.12
10 Water bodies and
undevelopable land
219.34 2.2
Total 8,474.24 85.17
Grand Total 9,950 100
61%
2%
1%2%
9%0%
25%
LAND USE (2004)
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Tourism
Public & semi- public
Parks & open spaces
Traffic and Transportation
Figure 13 Land Use Distribution
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Table 4: Land use areas for the year of 2021
Sr.No. Land use Area in Hectare % of Urban Area % of Planning area
1 Residential 2,124 68 21.35
2 Commercial 51.2 2 0.51
3 Industry 17 1 0.17
4 Tourism 98 3 0.98
5 Public & Semi Public 274.28 9 2.76
6 Parks & Open Spaces 32 1 0.33
7 Traffic & Transportation 484.93 16 4.87
Total 3,081.41 100
8 Agriculture 620.63 6.24
9 Forest 6,028.62 60.59
10 Water bodies &
Undevelopable slopes 219.34 2.2
Total 6,868.59
Grand Total 9,950 100
From the Tables 5 and 6, it is to be noted that the land use areas in the year 2021 have been
increased by reducing the Agriculture area. So the total planning area of 1,475.76 Ha which
was considered in the year 2004 has been increased to 3,081.41 Ha for the prospective year
of 2021. However, the existing total ward area as collected from the Town and Country
Planning Department is 2,753.19 Ha. Hence, the Land use areas have been proportionately
reduced/adjusted and are shown in Table 5.
Residential68%
Commercial2%
Industry1%
Tourism3%
Public & Semi Public
9%
Parks & Open
Spaces1%
Traffic & Transportation
16%
Land Use (2021)
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Table 5: Adjusted Land use areas
Sr.
No.
Land use Area in
Hectare
% of Urban
Area
1 Residential 1,898 68
2 Commercial 46 2
3 Industry 15 1
4 Tourism 88 3
5 Public & Semi Public 245 9
6 Parks & Open Spaces 29 1
7 Traffic & Transportation 433 16
Total 2,753 100
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CHAPTER 3
3 CURRENT SCENARIO OF WATER SUPPLY
Pure drinking water free from physical, chemical and biological contamination is the basic necessity
for health and happiness of any community. Epidemiological investigation has amply proved that
fatal intestinal diseases like cholera, diarrhea etc. are transmitted through intake of contaminated
water. Urban communities in absence of inadequate and scarce availability of pure drinking water
may be compelled to consume water of doubtful quality falling prey to such health hazards.
The existing scenario of water supply is studied by categorizing in following broad topics:
a. Sources
b. Mode of Water Supply
c. Distribution System
d. Water Connection Charges & Tariff
e. Service Level Benchmark
The water, which is received from different sources for Shimla Town for distribution, is detailed in
the below Table.
Table 6: Source of Water Supply in SPA
S.No. Source of Water Capacity as on April, 2018
1 Gumma + Nauti 21.8 MLD
2 Giri 20.0 MLD
3 Koti Brandi/ AshwaniKhad 2.7 MLD
4 Churat 3.5 MLD
5 Chair 3.0 MLD
6 Dhalli Catchment/ Shiyog 0.5 MLD
Total 51.5 MLD
Water from the sources are treated and pumped barring Dhalli catchment source, which operates
under gravity conditions. Water thus pumped or gravitated are stored in 10 number of service
reservoirs located at suitable sites covering the MC, Shimla as given in the below table.
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Table 7: Location of Service Reservoir in SPA
Sl. No. Reservoirs Capacity in ML Type
1. Carignano 3.01 UG
2. Sanjauli 8.78 UG
3. Ridge 4.62 UG
4. Mans field 3.63 UG
5. Kasumpti 2.00 UG
6. Kasumpti 0.227 OH
7. Viceregal lodge 0.23 OH
8. Jakhu 0.32 OH
9. Boileaugunj 0.24 UG
10. Masobara 3.00 UG
Total 26.447
The total capacity of existing reservoirs as shown above is 26.447 ML. The reservoirs located at
Sanjaulli is largest one having a capacity to store 8.78ML and the smallest one is situated at
Kasumpti having a capacity of 0.223 ML. Newly developed areas of BCS, Chakkar, Totu etc. do not
have separate service reservoirs instead they are fed from existing ones causing considerable loss
in pressure at the tail end of the network.
WATER SUPPLY
In Shimla, the most prevalent means of water supply is private tap (93%). Public taps, hand pumps,
tanks and other sources constitute 7% of total consumer connections for water supply.
Figure 14: Modes of water supply
Residential Non-Residential Whole City
Source: Land use survey, June 2010
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Above figure shows the proportion of population dependent on various sources for their water
requirements. In the residential category, about 93% of the population have individual
connections to receive water supplied by MC Shimla. A very small proportion of the population is
dependent on community sources, tanker and other sources. In case of the non residential
population (jobs and visitors), dependency on individual municipal water supply is comparatively
low. About 4% of the visiting population are also dependent on tanker. These visitors mostly
constitute of tourists staying in different hotels and guest houses, as most of them buy water
tankers as additional source of water.
As stated above, city has fourteen delineated water zones based on topography and location of
feeder reservoirs as shown in the following Table:
Sl. No. Name of zone Area covered
1. Sanjaulli Sanjaulli Bazaar, Engine Ghar, NavBahar, Snowdown, Jakhoo, Pumping Station, Grand Hotel, Shankli, Scandal, Sangti
2. Bharari Bharari, Harvington, Kuftu, Anu, Bermu, etc
3. Ridge Telegraph office, Krishna Nagar, SabziMandi, Ripon, Lalpani, Western Command, Ram Bazaar, Middle bazaar
4. High Court Lower High Court area, Paradas Garden, Kanlog, Talland
5. BCS BCS, Khalini, Forest Colony
6. AG office Kaithu, Annandale, Kavi, AG Office, Ram nagarVidhan Sabha, ChauraMaidan, TutiKandi, Kumar House, Raj Bhavan, Ava Lodge, Labour Bureau, Kenndy House, Win Gate
7. Vice Regal lodge Institute of Advanced Studies, Tilak Nagar, GhoraChowk, Hanuman Temple
8. Mansfield Mansfield to Marina, Secretariat, Chotta Shimla bazaar, Brock Hurst upto Govt. School
9. Kasumpti Kasumpti Colony, Lower Brock Hurst, Patti Rehana, Patina Mehli, PanthaGhati, Patelog
10. University University Complex, Summer Hill, Govt. Quarters, Shiv Mandir
11. Kamna Devi Hill Spur of Kamna Devi, Forest Colony
12. Chakkar Sandal Hill, Tara Devi, Shoghi
13. Tutu Tutu Bazaar, Jutogh, Dhamida, Fatenchi
14. Dhalli Dhingu Devi Mandir, Dhalli Bazar, Indira Nagar
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Zoning of water supply was modified in 2017 and total number of zones was modified from 25 to 36.
Table 8: Zoning of Shimla Water Supply Distribution Network
S.No. Ward No. Name of the Ward
1 4 Annadale
2 26 Pantha Ghatti
3 1 Bharari
4 2 Ruldu Bhatta
5 3 Kaithu
6 4 Annadale
7 5 Summer Hill
8 6 Totu
9 7 Majiath
10 8 Boileauganj
11 9 Kachi Ghati
12 10 Tuti Kandi
13 11 Nabha
14 12 Phagli
15 13 Krishna Nagar
16 14 Ram Bazar
17 15 Lower Bazar
16 Jakhu
18 17 Benmore
19
20 18 Engine Ghar
21 19 Sanjauli Chowk
22 20 Dhalli
23 21 Mashobra
24 22 Shanti Vihar
25 23 Bhattakufar
26 24 Sangti
27 25 Malyana
28 26 Pantha Ghatti
29 27 Kasumpati
30 28 Chotta Shimla
31 29 Vikas Nagar
32 30 Kangna Dhar
33 31 Pateog
34 32 New Shimla
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35 33 Khalin
36 34 Kanlog
WAPCOS has collected the data from Meter Reading Department, MC Shimla on 4th May 2017. As
on date MC Shimla has provided 30,994 metered water connections in the City (includes domestic,
commercial, construction, public connections, hotel connections, religious connections). The new
water connections for domestic use are charged at Rs. 2,500 per connection whereas for
commercial use it is Rs. 5,500 per connection.
Table 9: Types and Number of Connections
Types of Connection Number of Connection
Domestic 24,208
Commercial 4,403
Construction 1,395
Public Connections 384
Hotel Connections 575
Religious Connections 29
Total 30,994
Table 10: Present Water tariff (FY 2015-2016)
Volume of Supply
Tariff within MC Shimla limits (Rs./KL)
Domestic Commercial
Construction
Government
Institution Upto 30KL Flat Rate: Rs. 358 per month per family
47.12 86.37 37.12
Between 30 KL and 75 KL 62.81
Above75KL 86.37
Source: Meter Reading Department, MC Shimla (rates increases by 10% every year)
The water tariff structure in MC Shimla is presented in Table 10. For domestic consumers bill of Rs.
358 is charged on the basis of flat rate per month per family irrespective of consumption. For
commercial consumers if the usage is less than 30 KL per month then the bill is charged at the rate
of Rs 47.12 per KL, if the usage is more than 30 KL but less than 75 KL per month then the bill is
charged at the rate of Rs 62.81 per KL and if the usage is more than 75 KL per month then the bill is
charged at the rate of Rs 86.37 per KL. In the case of construction connections, the bill is charged at
the rate of Rs. 86.37 per KL. The water charges for supply to government institutions, hospitals, and
religious places are Rs. 37.12/KL. These rates increase by 10% every financial year. The installed
meters are not in working condition and moreover there is shortage of staff to take the meter
reading due to which tariff is charged on flat rate basis rather than actual apart from commercial
connections.
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Presently, the domestic connection within MC Shimla are proposed to be charged at Rs. 13.2 per KL
and outside Shimla are charged at Rs. 47.30 per KL respectively after the installation of household
meters. The commercial connections are metered, however they charged on the basis of Increasing
Block Tariff (IBT). Bills are issued every two to six months to all customers. The 30% sewerage
surcharge is being charged in their water bills. Present water tariff in shown in Table 11.
Table 11: Present Water tariff
A. For Domestic Water Connections:
Rates up to 31/03/2017 Rates after April 2017
Within M.C. Limit Rs 12.00 Per Kilo Ltr. Rs. 13.20 Per Kilo Ltr.
Outside M.C. Limit Rs 43.00 Per Kilo Ltr. Rs. 47.30 Per Kilo Ltr.
In the case of non-functional meters
Within M.C. Limit Rs.275/- Per Month Rs.302.50/- Per Month
Outside M.C. Limit Rs.1100/- Per Month Rs.1210/- Per Month
In case of plugged domestic connection
Rs.50/- Per Month Rs.55/- Per Month
B. Commercial water Connection within and outside M.C. Limit:-
Rates up to 31/03/2017 Rates after April 2017
Upto 20000 Ltrs. Rs.33/- Per Kilo Ltr. Rs.25.30/- Per Kilo Ltr.
Upto 30000 Ltrs. Rs.52/- Per Kilo Ltr. Rs.57.20/- Per Kilo Ltr.
30000 Ltrs. To 75000 Ltrs. Rs.69.10/- Per Kilo Ltr. Rs.76/- Per Kilo Ltr.
Above 75000 Ltrs. Rs.95/- Per Kilo Ltr. Rs.104.50/- Per Kilo Ltr.
Minimum charge to be paid by
the consumers if consumption is
less than 8000 Ltrs.
Rs.439/- Per Month Rs.483/- Per Month
In case of defective water
meters
Rs.4831/- Per Month Rs.5314/- Per Month
In case of plugged connection Rs.100/- Per Month Rs.110/- Per Month
C. Exclusively for commercial establishment Hotel etc.
Rates up to 31/03/2017 Rates after April 2017
Upto 30000 Ltrs. Rs.66/- Per Kilo Ltr. Rs.72.60/- Per Kilo Ltr.
30000 Ltrs. To 75000 Ltrs. Rs.88/- Per Kilo Ltr. Rs.96.80/- Per Kilo Ltr.
Above 75000 Ltrs. Rs.121/- Per Kilo Ltr. Rs.133.10/- Per Kilo Ltr.
In case of defective water
meters
Rs.4831/- Per Month Rs.5314/- Per Month
In case of plugged connection Rs.100/- Per Month Rs.110/- Per Month
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D. Building Construction Water Connection within and Outside M.C. Limit:-
Rates up to 31/03/2017 Rates after April 2017
Building construction connection Rs.95/- Per Kilo Ltr. Rs.104.50/- Per Kilo Ltr.
Minimum charge to be paid by
the consumers if consumption is
less than 8000 Ltrs.
Rs.879/- Per Month Rs.967/- Per Month
In case of defective water meters Rs.4,831/- Per Month Rs.5,314/- Per Month
In case of plugged connection Rs.100/- Per Month Rs.110/- Per Month
E. Govt. Institution, Govt. Hospitals, Dharamshala’s and Religious place within and Outside M.C.
Limit:-
Rates up to 31/03/2017 Rates after April 2017
Rate of water Rs.52/- Per Kilo Ltr. Rs.57.20/- Per Kilo Ltr.
Minimum charge to be paid
by the consumers if
consumption is less than 8000
Ltrs.
Rs.439/- Per Month Rs.483/- Per Month
In case of defective water
meters
Rs.4,831/- Per Month Rs.5,314/- Per Month
Supply of water through
Tanker
Rs.2,219/- Per Month (4000
Ltrs. cap)
Rs.2,441/- Per Month (4000 Ltrs.
cap)
Sewerage user charge @ 30% will be charged extra.
The above rates will be increased by 10% every year i.e. on the 1st day of April
Source: Meter Reading Department, MC Shimla
Table 12 Revenue Generated in Last Three Years
Financial Year Income
2014-2015 Rs. 13.62
2015-2016 Rs. 24.27
2016-2017 Rs. 23.88
2017-2018 Rs.
Table 13 presents a summary of collection of income from domestic & commercial water supply
for the year FY 2012-2013, 2013-2014. 2014-2015, 2015-2016. Table 14 presents collection of
Source: Meter Reading Department, MC Shimla
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income from miscellaneous charges for the year FY 2010-2011, 2011-2012, 2012-2013, 2013-
2014. 2014-2015, 2015-2016.
Table 13 Summary of Collection of Income from Domestic & Commercial Water Supply (FY 2012-2013, 2013-2014. 2014-2015, 2015-2016)
FY 2012-2013
FY 2013-2014
FY 2014-2015
FY 2015-2016
Water Supply Commercial 54239369 54877510 73392572 83630843
Water Supply Domestic 20555028 45367957 27504160 45152632
C.M.C 2107367 1360640 2499266 11564349
Other Charges 58672 23965 7055 3297156
Surcharge 926301 1180208 1218669 1960028
0
10000000
20000000
30000000
40000000
50000000
60000000
70000000
80000000
90000000
Co
llect
ion
Ch
arge
s (R
s.)
Collection
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Table 14 Collection of Income from Miscellaneous Charges (FY 2010-2011, 2011-2012, 2012-2013, 2013-2014. 2014-2015, 2015-2016)
ConnectionCharges
RoadDamageCharges
Disconnection Charges
TankerCharges
AdvancePayment
FY 2010-2011 1754515 1713888 29850 628684 926240
FY 2011-2012 1601600 505455 34886 349925 1771731
FY 2012-2013 2155150 360970 284006 470142 3765978
FY 2013-2014 1808700 27459065 116800 479788 3222195
Fy 2014-2015 2358800 24026753 185875 486454 4160046
FY 2015 -2016 2270200 15502652 200450 485217 14428308
0
5000000
10000000
15000000
20000000
25000000
30000000
Co
llect
ion
(in
Rs.
)
Miscellaneous Charges
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As far as the service benchmark for water supply is concerned, it has been analyzed by the MoUD
(GoI) in SAAP of AMRUT prepared for Himachal Pradesh as mentioned in Table 15
Table 15: Water Supply Benchmark – MC Shimla
Performance Indicator Benchmark Status
Coverage 100% 70 %
Per Capita Supply of Water 135 LPCD 114 LPCD
Extent of Metering 100% 100%
Quality of Water Supplied 100% 100%
Source: AMRUT SAAP (2016-2017)
The present water supply system main shortcomings can be summarized as follows:
a. Varying quantum of water availability at source
b. Water supply is erratic; especially during summer. High influx of tourists and other floating
population affects the water supply to local residents.
c. Proximity of water supply network to sewer lines is a critical issue. This is evident from the fact
that Hepatitis A and E cases, which are caused due to contamination of water are on the rise.
d. High Unaccounted for Water (UFW) due to distribution losses (old and leaking distribution
system) and illegal water connections.
e. Poor metering system and low water charges collection efficiency
f. Shortage of manpower
g. Poor maintenance of water sources and infrastructure
h. Water theft and illegal connections
i. Lack of proper consumer data
j. Supply shortage
k. Intermittent supplies and low pressures
l. Inappropriate and inadequate O&M and management of distribution
m. Inadequate system asset and operation data (in particular no flow and pressure measurement
and no records of laid pipelines).
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CHAPTER 4
4 STUDY APPROACH AND NRW ASSESSMENT
The NRW study was conducted in two phases: study of NRW in transmission mains and study of
NRW in selected DMAs.
To study the NRW in transmission mains:
a. All the sources of water were identified and schematic layout was prepared as shown in
Annexure 1.
b. Inlet and outlet flow at each pumping stage was measured using ultrasonic flow meter.
c. The water balance was prepared for the following bulk water schemes:
Ashwani Khad to Kasumpti
Gumma to Sanjauli
Giri to Sanjauli
Nauti Khad to Sanjauli
To study the NRW in selected DMAs:
a. During various meetings with MC Shimla Officials, five DMAs were selected for the proposed
study (attached as Annexure 2).
b. Detailed water distribution maps indicating DMA boundaries and location of flow monitoring
were prepared in consultation with concerned Executive Engineers, Junior Engineers and
Linemen (Attached as Annexure 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D and 3E).
c. Field survey was conducted for 7 days period for each DMA. Flow monitoring was done for 7
days at the inlet of each DMA. Meter reading was collected for 100% household at the start
and end of the study period. (Details are provided in Interim Report 2 and 3)
d. Water balance was prepared for the following five DMAs:
Sec-3 New Shimla
Jhaku
Dhalli
Fingask
Vikas Nagar
A detailed methodology along with observations and results is presented in this Chapter:
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4.1 Study of Transmission Losses
The water balance was prepared for the following bulk water schemes:
Ashwani Khad to Kasumpti
Gumma to Sanjauli
Giri/ Nauti Khad to Sanjauli
4.1.1 Ashwani Khad to Kasumpti
The water from Ashwani Khad is pumped to Kawalag Pump House from where it is pumped to
Kasumpti Reservoir as shown bleow:
Ashwani Khad
Ashwani Khad receives water from Koti Brandi and Been through gravity flow. Two pipelines of 10
inch diameter and 5 inch diameter merges into 20 inch diameter and then again near the entrance
of WTP bifurcates into two 10 inch diameter pipes.
Figure 15 Tranmission mains from Koti Brandi and Been (10”
& 5”)
Figure 16 Tranmission mains from Koti Brandi and Been (20”)
Figure 17 Tranmission mains from Koti Brandi and Been (5” each)
Ashwani Khad PH
Kawalag PH Kasumpti
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WTP at Ashwani Khad is designed for 10.8 MLD and commissioned in 1995-96. It has four
sedimentation units and 4 rapid sand filter units of 34.7 sqm each. The specification of Ashwani
Khad Pump House is given in Table below:
Table 16 Details of Ashwani Khad Pump House
Installation Year 1992
Total Head 402 m
Discharge 225 m3/h
Speed 1450 rpm
Connected Load 1790 kW
Pump Input 315 kW
Supply and Metering Voltage 11kV
Motor make BHEL
Motor Rating 425 kW
No. of Working Pumps 3 Nos.
No. of Standby Pumps 2 Nos.
No. of Operating Hours 3.5-4
Kawalag Reservoir and pump House
From Kawalag reservoir water is further pumped to Kasumpti Reservoir. The specification of Pump
House is given in Table below:
Table 17 Details of Kawalag Pump House
Installation Year 1992
Total Head 407 m
Discharge 575
Speed 225 m3/h
Connected Load 1700 kW
Supply and Metering Voltage 11 kV
Motor make BHEL
Motor Rating 425 kW
No. of Working Pumps 3
No. of Standby Pumps 1
No. of Operating Hours 5-10 hrs
Kasumpti Reservoir
Water from Kasumpti Reservoir is served to New Shimla and Vikas Nagar.
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Ultrasonic flow meters were used to measured the flow of water in the Bulk water system from
Ashwani Khad to Kasumpti and following water balance was prepared after the survey done in the
month of May 2018.
Figure 18 Water Balance from Ashwani Khad to Kasumpti Reservoir
4.1.2 Gumma to Sanjauli
Gumma has two WTP: Old WTP and New WTP. Water is supplied from Old WTP to Sanjauli through
Craignano. However water from New WTP is supplied through Drabla and Craignano to Sanjauli
reservoir. Water supply from Nauti Khad is also included in the scheme but the supply from Nauti
Khad to Sanjauli is through Mashobra Tank. All these flows are described below:
Details of Gumma water supply scheme is shown in table below:
Gumma Old WTP
Craignano Reservoir
Sanjauli Reservoir
Gumma New WTP
DrablaCraignano Reservoir
Sanjauli Reservoir
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Table 18 Details of Gumma Water Supply Scheme
Old WTP New WTP Nauti Khad
Year of Commissioning 1921-22 1981-82 2006-07
Discharge 6.5 10.94 4.24
Machinery KSB Make 1675 HP
M&P 925 HP
KSB 1110 HP
Discharge of Pump 2 x 206 m3/h 3 x 228 m3/h 2 x 132.5 m3/h
Static Head 1480 m 700 m 1360 m
Flow monitoring was done and water balance was prepared which is shown below:
Figure 19 Water Balance from Gumma to Sanjauli Reservoir
4.1.3 Giri to Sanjauli
The design capacity of Giri WTP is 20 MLD and the scheme was commissioned in 2007. Water is
supplied from Giri to Ukhaldar PH to Bekhalti PH to Mashobra to Sanjalui Reservoir. Water is
supplied from Nauti Khad to Sanjauli is through Mashobra Tank. The details of Pump Houses are
given below:
Table 19 Details of Giri Pump House (Stage1)
Installation Year 2008
Total Head 612.1 m
Discharge 250 m3/h
Connected Load 1418 kW
Supply and Metering Voltage 11kV
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Motor make BHEL
No. of Working Pumps 4 Nos.
No. of Standby Pumps 2 Nos.
No. of Operating Hours 24 hrs
Table 20 Details of Ukhaldhar Pump House (Stage2)
Total Head 625.5 m
Discharge 250 m3/h
Connected Load 1213 kW
Supply and Metering Voltage 11kV
Motor make BHEL
No. of Working Pumps 4 Nos.
No. of Standby Pumps 2 Nos.
No. of Operating Hours 24 hrs
Flow monitoring was done and water balance was prepared which is shown below:
Figure 20 Water Balance from Giri to Sanjauli Reservoir
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Table 21 Total water measured at source by ultrasonic flow meter
Source Volume of Water (MLD)
Ashwani Khad to Kasumpti 0.693
Gumma to Sanjauli 12.54
Giri to Sanjauli 20.9
Nauti Khad to Sanjauli 7.08
Total 41.213 MLD
Table 22 Total water measured at inlet of service reservoir by ultrasonic flow meter
Water at Inlet of Service Reservoir Volume of Water (MLD)
Kasumpti Reservoiyr from Ashwani Khad
0.526 MLD
Sanjauli Resevoiur from Gumma 8.72 MLD
Sanjauli Reservpoir from Nauti & Giri 21.34 MLD
Total MLD 30.856 MLD
Transmission Losses = Water at Source (Outlet) - Water at Service Reservoir (Inlet)
= 41.213 – 30.856
= 10.627 MLD
Total Transmission Losses = 25.785 %
Conclusion
Bulk water supply system has been studied to identify the losses in transmission. The main source of
water is Gumma, Giri, NautiKhad, AshwaniKhad, Churat and Chair. The losses in transmission from
Gumma to Sanjauli is 30.46%, from Giri/ NautiKhad to Sanjauli is 23.73% and from AshwaniKhad
to Kasumpti is 24%. The total water lost in the transmission is 10.627 MLD out of 41.213 MLD
supplied from source i.e. 25.785 %.
4.2 Study of NRW Losses in DMA
Water balance was prepared for the following five DMAs:
Sec-3 New Shimla
Jhaku
Dhalli
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Fingask
Vikas Nagar
4.2.1 Sec-3 New Shimla
Sanjauli reservoir supplies water to New Shimla Sec-3 via Mainsfield Tank. The water from Sanjauli
goes to Mainsfield from where it goes to Knollswood from there it supplies water to Sec-1 Tank then
to Sec-2 Tank then to Sec-3 (old tank) and finally to Sec-3 (New Tank). DMA1- New Shimla Sec-3 has
two water storage tanks which have 80,000liters and 6,00,000 liters capacity. As per field
investigation and site visit, 100 mm dia pipeline which comes from Sector 2 feeds 80,000 liter
capacity tank and overflow from this tank feeds 6,00,000 liter capacity tank which is newly
established. Water is being supplied on alternate days for about 4 hours in two days.
Water Supply to the DMA from Sanjauli Reservoir
The water is being supplied to New Shimla through the new tank (capacity 6,00,000 litres)
which is fed by the old tank (capacity 80,000 litres). Thus, the input in DMA was measured at
the outlet of old Tank of New Shimla using ultrasonic flow meter.
The study was conducted from 5th November, 2017 to 11th November, 2017. Following are the
details of flow measured during the study period.
Table 23 Flow Monitoring data at the outlet of Sanjauli Reservoir
Date of flow
monitoring
Flow supplied (in
Litres)
Extra water supply
from new tank (in
Litres)
Total Water Supply
(in Litres)
5/11/2017 230,000 300,000 5,30,000
7/11/2017 236,000 300,000 5,36,000
9/11/2017 241,000 300,000 5,41,000
11/11/2017 240,000 300,000 5,40,000
Total Water Supply for Eight Days 21,47,000
The water supply pattern for the selected DMA is alternate day supply pattern. Meter reading was
taken at the start of study period i.e. 8 days and flow monitoring was done for 8 days (4 days water
supply and 4 days non water supply) from 5th November to 11th November, 2017.
The water supply characteristics of the DMA are:
Alternate day water supply
Water is supplied during the morning hours from 7:30 am to 11:30 am
Water meters are installed in 100% households (newly installed)
MCD school exist in the DMA which have unmetered water connection
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3 Nos. of Stand Post provide water to households which are not connected to Municipal
connection
House Hold Survey And Flow Monitoring
The aim of household survey is to determine the household’s water supply consumption, and
availability of water per capita for the DMA. The field team collected data for the individual house
hold and covered 100 % DMA area for the better and accurate result.
a) Total properties identified:537
b) Category wise:Household-537, School–1
As discussed above, the DMA is served with alternate day water supply and that is about 4 hours in
two days. We have done monitoring for 4 days water supply (total 8 days) and observed that total
water supply volume was around 2,147 Kiloliters. Thus per day water supply is 268.375 kilolitres per
day.
Based on above mentioned Survey, detailed water balance sheet is attached as below:
Table 24 IWA Water Balance for DMA1 New Shimla Sec-3
System Input Volume 268.375 KLD
Authorized Consumption 210.768 KLD
Billed Authorized Consumption
Billed Metered Consumption (including water exported) 206.937KLD
Revenue Water
Billed Un-metered Consumption -
Unbilled Authorized Consumption
Un-billed Metered Consumption 3.831 KLD
Non-Revenue Water (NRW)
22.89%
Un-billed Un-metered Consumption (Public post & School) -
Water Losses 57.607 KLD
Apparent Losses
Unauthorized Consumption -
Metering Inaccuracies 1.67 KLD
Real Losses
Leakage on Transmission and/or Distribution Mains
55.937
Leakage on Service Connections up to point of Customer
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Thus the NRW losses for Sec-3 New Shimla is 22.89 %.
4.2.2 Jhaku
Jhaku was selected as 2nd DMA for flow monitoring and NRW calculations.Outflow from Sanjauli
reservoir goes to the Snowdon pump House. As per site visit, 80 mm main feeder pipe is coming
from Sanjauli reservoir which feeds the tank of Snowdon pump house at the same time pumps
starts feeding the two tanks of Jhaku DMA.
There are total 4 pumps in Snowdon pump house in which only 2 works at a time. In Jhaku, one old
tankhas the capacity of 50,000 liters and new tank has the capacity of 3,00,000 liters.New tank is
filled by 125 mm pipe and old tank by 80 mm which are coming from Snowdon Pump house.Flow
monitoring was done at the combined outlet of the two tanks from where the Jhaku area is being
served.Jhaku is being served from two pipelines of 50 mm and 80 mm diameter.
The water supply characteristics of the DMA are:
a) This DMA is having alternate day water supply and that is about 8.5 hours in a day.
b) Water supply hours are from 4:00 AM to 12:30 PM
Flow monitoring and DMA Study was again conducted after the installation of new meter.
Meter reading was taken at the start of the study dayi.e. 16th May 2018 before the water supply
and next day flow monitoring was done for a day dated 17th May 2018 from 3:00 am to 11:30 am.
Thus the average water supply hours are 8.5 hours. The total water input in the system as
measured by the flow meterwas 8,14,000 litres for 2 days as the water supply is at alternate days.
Thus the water supplied per day was 4,07,000 litres. The site survey was conducted in the presence
of Sh. Puran, Junior Engineer, MC Shimla and Sh. Dharmanand, Lineman, MC Shimla along with
WAPCOS team.
Total number of connections identified along with lineman and Sh. Puran, JE, MC Shimla is 364
which includes 19 numbers of Hotel connections.
A sample survey of 67 connections was done for the estimation of average consumption. The
average consumption per connection per day is 946.56 litres and consumption in Litre Per Capita
per Day (LPCD) is 189.3 litres.
During flow monitoring 13% households were locked.
metering
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The projected total consumption for given DMA is calculated as:
Total connections in Jhaku area: 364
Total water consumption: consumption per connection x total number of connections
: 946.56 x 364 = 3,44,548litres
Water consumption by PSP: 2,500 litres
Total water consumption: 3,47,048 litres
Based on the validation survey conducted after the replacement of meters, the detailed water
balance sheet is presented in Table 25.
Table 25 IWA Water Balance for DMA 2 Jhaku
Thus the NRW losses for Jhaku is 15.34 %.
4.2.3 Dhalli
District Metered Area (DMA) selected for Dhalli receives water supply from Dhalli Water Treatment
Plant. The raw water sources for the 4.5 MLD slow sands filter plant are springs from protected
wooded catchment area. Spring water after filtration at the source, flows by gravity to the
treatment works at Dhalli. The raw water of Jagruti nallah is pumped to Churat from where it is
System Input Volume 407 KLD
Authorized Consumption 347.048KLD
Billed Authorized Consumption
Billed Metered Consumption (including water exported)
344.548 KLD
Revenue Water
Billed Un-metered Consumption
Unbilled Authorized Consumption
Un-billed Metered Consumption
-
Non-Revenue Water (NRW)
15.34%
Un-billed Un-metered Consumption (Public post)
2.5 KLD
Water Losses 59.952 KLD
Apparent Losses
Unauthorized Consumption
-
Metering Inaccuracies -
Real Losses
Leakage on Transmission and/or Distribution Mains
-
Leakage on Service Connections up to point of Customer metering
59.952 KLD
Leakage and Overflows at Utility’s Storage Tanks
-
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further pumped to Dhalli WTP. Raw water from Lambidhar and Chair nallah is pumped to the
conventional rapid gravity filter plant at Dhalli.
There is no provision at treatment plant to measure the inflow to the SSF plant. However, at the
outlet of WTP meter is installed to measure the daily water supply to households of Dhalli area. The
water is supplied through 150 mm pipeline and records are being maintained in the log book. Meter
readings are compared with the flow meter and found to be in working condition.
Dhalli WTP has Slow Sand Filter (SSF) and Rapid Sand Filter (RSF) units. Old slow sand filter has 2
units of 1300 sq. feet and 2 units of 1400 sq. feet. New slow sand filter has 4 units of 4300 sq. feet
each. The cleaning of filters is being done every 6 months and back washing is being done after 1-2
days.It has been reported that the plants (RSF and SSF) are treating 1.5 MLD of water as on May 18.
Features of water supply system in Dhalli:
a) The water supply is about 6.5 hours in a day.
b) Water supply hours are from 5:00 am to 11:30 am.
c) It was also observed that the timing for the water supply depends on the availability of water in
reservoir.
d) There is no existing elevated or underground reservoir for the DMA thus it receives directly
supply from Dhalli WTP.
Flow monitoring and DMA Study was again conducted after the installation of new meter.
The water is being supplied in Dhalli area in two parts. Thus the DMA is divided into two halves,
first half is being served on 1 day and second half on the next day thus each half receives water on
alternate day. Flow monitoring for both the areas has been done separately. Meter reading was
taken at the start of the study daybefore the water supply on 17th& 18th may 2018 and after that
next day flow monitoring was done for a day dated18th and 19th May 2018.
For Dhalli (Area 1)
The total water input in the systemis from two sources, one is from Dhalli WTP and another is from
Gumma. Outlet of Dhall WTP is inlet for our DMA. From Dhalli WTP 5,20,000 litres water is
supplied from 5:00 am to 8:00 am and from Gumma, as measured by the flow meter,the water
supplied was 3,36,600 litres (8:00 am to 1:30 pm) for two days as the water supply is at alternate
days. Thus the water supplied per day was 4,28,300 litres. The site survey was conducted in the
presence of Sh. Rajesh Mandhotra, Junior Engineer, MC Shimla and Sh. Chandra Mohan, Lineman,
MC Shimla along with WAPCOS team.
However the water is further being supplied outside the DMA from three outlets – outlet1: near
tunnel for lower cemetry area, outlet 2: towards devi colony and outlet 3: near mata rani temple
towards fruit mandi. The total water supplied to these areasis 19000, 13000 and 53000 litres
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respectively. Thus the net water received by the DMA is 3,85,800 litres [(520000+336600-19000-
13000-53000)/2] for a day.
A sample survey of 49 connections for the estimation of average consumption. The average
consumption per connection per day is 666.84 litres and consumption in Litre Per Capita per Day
(LPCD) is 133.37 litres.
During flow monitoring 16% households were locked.
The projected total consumption for given DMA is calculated as:
Total connections in Dhalli area 1-450
Total water consumption: consumption per connection x total number of connections
: 666.84 x 450 = 3,00,076.5 litres
Water consumption by PSP-1000 litres
Total water consumption-3,01,076.5 litres
For Dhalli (Area 2)
As discussed earlier, the water input in the system is from two sources, one is from Dhalli WTP and
another is from Gumma. From Dhalli WTP 2,40,000 litres water is supplied between 5:15 am to
7:30 am and from Gumma, as measured by the flow meter, the water supplied was 2,29,500 litres
(7:30 am to 11:15 am) for two days as the water supply is at alternate days. Thus the total water
supplied for two days was 4,69,500 litres and average water supply per day was 2,34,750 litres.
However the water is further being supplied outside the DMA from one outlet at Dhalli Bazar
towards lower area. The total water supplied to this area is 26,000 litres.
The three outlets in area 1 (near tunnel for lower cemetry area, towards devi colony and near
temple towards fruit mandi) were also monitored for possible leakages.Although the valves were
closed, water was running in the lines in these areas. The water leakages were recorded as 30240
litres near tunnel, 36,504 litres near temple towards fruit mandi area and 4,320 litres towards
devi colony. Thus the net water received by the DMA is 2,21,750 litres for a day.
A total of 46 connections were surveyed for the estimation of average consumption. The average
consumption per connection per day is 398.80 litres and consumption in Litre Per Capita per Day
(LPCD) is 79.76 litres.
During flow monitoring 13% households were locked.
The projected total consumption for given DMA is calculated as:
Total connections in Dhalli area 2-350
Total water consumption: consumption per connection x total number of connections
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: 398.80 x 350 = 1,39,580 litres
Water consumption by PSP-1000 litres
Total water consumption-1,40,580 litres
Table 26 IWA Water Balance for DMA 3 Dhalli (Area 1)
Table 27 IWA Water Balance for DMA 3 Dhalli (Area 2)
System Input Volume 385.8KLD
Authorized Consumption 301.076 KLD
Billed Authorized Consumption
Billed Metered Consumption (including water exported)
300.076 KLD
Revenue Water
Billed Un-metered Consumption
Unbilled Authorized Consumption
Un-billed Metered Consumption -
Non-Revenue Water (NRW)
22.2%
Un-billed Un-metered Consumption (Public post & School)
1 KLD
Water Losses 84.724 KLD
Apparent Losses
Unauthorized Consumption
-
Metering Inaccuracies -
Real Losses
Leakage on Transmission and/or Distribution Mains
-
Leakage on Service Connections up to point of Customer metering
84.724 KLD
Leakage and Overflows at Utility’s Storage Tanks
-
System Input Volume 221.750KLD
Authorized Consumption 140.580 KLD
Billed Authorized Consumption
Billed Metered Consumption (including water exported)
139.580 KLD
Revenue Water
Billed Un-metered Consumption
Unbilled Authorized Consumption
Un-billed Metered Consumption -
Non-Revenue Water (NRW)
37%
Un-billed Un-metered Consumption (Public post & School)
1 KLD
Water Losses 81.17 KLD
Apparent Losses
Unauthorized Consumption
-
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Thus the NRW losses for Dhalli 1 is 22.2% and Dhalli 2 is 37%.
It is also observed that one of the possible reason of high leakages is old valves, water is running in
the pipelines even when the valves are closed.
4.2.4 Fingask
Fingask DMA is having water supply from Ridge Reservoir. Sanjauli reservoir feeds water into the
ridge reservoir. DMA is having two existing water tank which have 60,000 Liters and 1,50,000 liters
capacity. As per field investigation and site visit, 150 mm dia pipeline which comes from Ridge feeds
1,50,000 Liter capacity tankand 60,000 liter tank and as soon as the tanks are filled supply to the
distributions starts. Thus losses in tanks due to storage are avoided completely.
The water supply characteristics of the DMA are:
a) This DMA is having intermittent water supply and it is about 3.5-4.5 hours once in three to four
days.
b) Water is supplied in the morning hours from 8am to 11:30am.
Flow monitoring and DMA Study was again conducted after the installation of new meter.
Meter reading was taken at the start of the study dayi.e. 20th May 2018 before the water supply
and after that next day flow monitoring was done for a day dated 21st May 2018 from 7:45 am to
11:30 am. The site survey was conducted in the presence of Sh. Puran, Junior Engineer, MC Shimla
and Sh. Amichand, Lineman, MC Shimla along with WAPCOS team. The total water input in the
system as measured by the flow meterwas 95,000 litres for two days as the water supply is at
alternate days. Thus the water supplied per day was 47,500 litres.
A sample survey of 45 connections was done for the estimation of average consumption. The
average consumption per connection per day is 298.67 litres and consumption in Litre Per Capita
per Day (LPCD) is 59.73 litres.
The projected total consumption for given DMA is calculated as:
Metering Inaccuracies -
Real Losses
Leakage on Service Connections up to point of Customer metering
45.638
Leakage in valves 35.532
Leakage on Transmission and/or Distribution Mains
-
Leakage and Overflows at Utility’s Storage Tanks
-
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The total number of connections in Fingask DMA is 179 but for 30 households water cannot be
supplied on the day of study due to shortage of water thus the water has been supplied to 149
connections.
Total connections served on the day of study in Fingask area: 179-30=149
Total water consumption: consumption per connection x total number of connections
: 298.67 x 149 =44,502litres
Total water consumption: 44,502 litres
Based on above mentioned calculations, detailed water balance sheet is attached as below:
Table 28 IWA Water Balance for DMA 4 Fingask
Thus the NRW losses for Fingask is 6.3%.
4.2.5 Vikas Nagar
Water Supply in Vikas Nagar DMA is from Kasumpti reservoir. There is one outlet of 100 mm dia
which distribute water to identified DMA area. There is another existing water tank within DMA with
a capacity of 40,000 Lakhs liters which feeds from main reservoir and serves 48 connections.
System Input Volume 47.5 KLD
Authorized Consumption 44.502 KLD
Billed Authorized Consumption
Billed Metered Consumption (including water exported)
44.502KLD
Revenue Water
Billed Un-metered Consumption
Unbilled Authorized Consumption
Un-billed Metered Consumption
-
Non-Revenue Water (NRW)
6.3%
Un-billed Un-metered Consumption (Public post & School)
-
Water Losses 2.998 KLD
Apparent Losses
Unauthorized Consumption
-
Metering Inaccuracies
-
Real Losses
Leakage on Transmission and/or Distribution Mains
2.998 KLD Leakage on Service Connections up to point of Customer metering
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The timing for the water supply depends on the availability of water in reservoir. The flow
monitoring was done on the following dates and time:
Date Time
15/12/2017 4:55 am to 6: 45 am
17/12/2017 5.00 am to 6:45 am
19/12/2017 5:47 am to 7 am
The water supply characteristics of the DMA are:
a) This DMA is having alternate water supply and that is about approximately 8 hours.
b) The water supply hours are in the morning from 7:00 am to 4:00 pm.
Flow monitoring and DMA Study was again conducted after the installation of new meter.
Meter reading was taken at the start of the study day i.e. 15th May 2018 before the water supply
and after that next day flow monitoring was done for a day dated 16th May 2018 from 9:15 am to
4:30 pm. The site survey was conducted in the presence of Sh. Dinesh, Junior Engineer, MC Shimla
and Sh. Rajesh, Lineman, MC Shimla along with WAPCOS team. The total water input in the system
as measured by the flow meter was 8,53,000 litres for two days as the water supply is at alternate
days. Thus the water supplied per day was 4,26,500 litres.
A sample survey of 52 connections was done for the estimation of average consumption.
The average consumption per connection per day is 546.73 litres and consumption in Litre Per
Capita per Day (LPCD) is 109.35litres.
During flow monitoring-1, 14.5% households were locked and during flow monitoring-2, 17%
households were locked.
The projected total consumption for given DMA is calculated as:
Total connections in Vikas Nagar area: 650
Total water consumption: consumption per connection x total number of connections
: 546.73 x 650 = 3,55,375 litres
Total water consumption: 3,55,375 litres
Based on above mentioned calculations, detailed water balance sheet is attached as below:
Table 29 IWA Water Balance for DMA 5 Vikas Nagar
System Input Volume 426.5 KLD
Authorized Consumption 355.375 KLD
Billed Authorized Consumption
Billed Metered Consumption (including water exported)
355.375 KLD
Revenue Water
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Thus the NRW losses for Vikas Nagar is 6.3%.
To conduct NRW Study, five DMAs have been finalized namely Sec-3 New Shimla, Dhalli, Fingask,
Jhaku and Vikas Nagar. Individual NRW Study was conducted in each DMA and results are as follows:
S.No. DMAs NRW % (flow monitoring -2)
1. Sec-3 New Shimla 22.89
2. Jhaku 15.34
3. Dhalli 22.2/37 avg(29.6)
4. Fingask 6.3
5. Vikas Nagar 16.68
Following Table combines the NRW studied in all the DMAs to arrive at NRW Loss for whole Shimla
City.
DMA System Input
Authorized Consumption
Water Losses
Revenue Water Non Revenue Water
Billed Un-metered Consumption
Unbilled Authorized Consumption
Un-billed Metered Consumption
-
Non-Revenue Water (NRW)
16.68%
Un-billed Un-metered Consumption (Public post & School)
-
Water Losses 71.125 KLD
Apparent Losses
Unauthorized Consumption
-
Metering Inaccuracies -
Real Losses
Leakage on Transmission and/or Distribution Mains
71.125 KLD
Leakage on Service Connections up to point of Customer metering
Leakage and Overflows at Utility’s Storage Tanks
-
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Volume (KLD)
(KLD) (KLD) Billed Un-metered Consumption (KLD)
Un-billed Metered Consumption (KLD)
Un-billed Un-metered Consumption (Public post) (KLD)
Metering Inaccuracies (KLD)
Leakage on Service Connections up to point of Customer metering (KLD)
Sec-3 New Shimla
268.375 210.768 57.607 206.937 3.831 1.67 55.937
Jhaku 407 347.048 59.952 344.548 2.5 59.952
Dhalli Area 1
385.8 301.076 84.724 300.076 1 84.724
Dhalli Area 2
221.75 140.58 81.17 139.58 1 81.17
Fing Ask 47.5 44.502 2.998 44.502 2.998
Vikas Nagar
426.5 355.375 71.125 355.375 71.125
1756.92 1399.34 357.57 1391.01 3.83 4.5 1.67 355.91
The total water supplied to all these five DMAs was 1.757 MLD out of which 0.366 MLD was lost at
Service Connection. Thus NRW in studied DMA is 20.8%. By Combining the Transmission/
Distribution losses with DMA Study, the projected value of NRW for Shimla City is 46.585%.
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CHAPTER 5
5 NRW REDUCTION STRATEGY
Potable water is becoming scarcer; often making it more energy intensive to procure. More energy is
required to pump water to greater distances and from deeper depth in the ground. This alarming
situation and ever increasing population has cautioned everybody to conserve the available water
resources and adapt oneself to optimum use of available water. The water supply, as an essential
commodity, has to be looked upon from demand side as well as supply side. The urban local bodies,
which form the supply side, will have to play a vital role in managing this often-scarce resource. As
global urbanization continues, they have the complex task of cost effectively providing water to keep
cities functioning. Further in the process of improving overall water system efficiency, energy &
water consumption have to be viewed as linked inputs rather than viewing them as separate and
unrelated. On the other hand, the demand side which consists of consumers have to be made aware
of the present situation of the available water resources, necessary habitual changes required to be
made by adopting various means of water conservation, optimal use of available water, re-use and
recirculation of waste water for some activities, frequent inspection and rectification of home
appliances to reduce leak & wastage, restricted use of appliances requiring more water, etc.
The first step in developing a strategy is to ask some questions about the network characteristics
and the operating practices, and then use the available tools and mechanisms to suggest
appropriate solutions, which are used to formulate the strategy. Typical questions are;
How much water is being lost?
Where is it being lost from?
Why is it being lost?
What strategies can be introduced to reduce losses and improve performance?
How can we maintain the strategy and sustain the achievements gained?
The key steps comprising of a locally appropriate NRW reduction strategy are grouped into two
categories of (i) No/Low cost short term solutions and (ii) medium term focused NRW reduction
program as detailed below.
Assessment of NRW and developing Strategy and Implementation Action Plan
for Reduction of NRW in the City of Shimla
Draft Final Report
MUNICIPAL CORPORATION SHIMLA
55
Following short term improvements are proposed for as a foundation for the complex NRW
reduction process.
Developing network data base: SMC currently undertakes repair of about 2–3 leaks per day
per technician/lineman and has no record of the location and nature of repair and also account
of materials used. Technician is to record every network activity like date and time, location of
intervention, type of road surface, depth of cutting, type of pipe, material of pipe, depth at
which pipe is existing, material used for repair. This data shall be captured on any open source
free software like Google docs and the pictures from the site recorded on Google Earth. When
such data is captured continuously for two years, it would become very usefull network asset
and condition data which can guide the SMC informulating robust asset management plans as
well as future extensions.
Metering of High Revenue Customers: The High Revenue customers like hotels, colleges,
restaurants, private institutions and industries can be fitted with AMR water meters
and charged based on the volumetric consumption so as to improve the revenue of the SMC.
Installation of SCADA system: There is no SCADA system in the system for recording flow
rate, totalizer flow which can conclude daily water production and consumption in the system.
SCADA system with AMR system need to install for water balancing.
Upgrading complaint registration system: An application can be created for smart phones
with the features for recording location, photograph, nature and description of complaints. The
same can be logged into a database and the details pertaining to the actual cause, location,
pipe line and material used for repair of the complaint can be updated in the database on the
redressal of complaint.
Training/Exposure visits As a part of capacity building activity, a group of engineers may be
sent to training purpose especially the customer metering, meter maintenance and revenue
collection through kiosks.
5.1.1 Preparatory Surveys
1. Setting up a core “NRW Team”: The first element of the strategy is to set up a core team for
NRW control. The team shall comprise of couple of young and energetic engineers initially
supported by accountants. They should be reporting directly to the Executive Engineer of MC
Shimla and they should be provided with sufficient training, computers and knowledge tools for
implementing a focused NRW reduction program.
2. Base Maps: Having a high quality base map of the built-up area of the city is an essential
prerequisite towards good network mapping, Hydraulic Modeling and the development of a GIS.
Recent developments in satellite photography have ensured that high quality images are now
Assessment of NRW and developing Strategy and Implementation Action Plan
for Reduction of NRW in the City of Shimla
Draft Final Report
MUNICIPAL CORPORATION SHIMLA
56
available from which base maps can be provided in digital format capable of being used by
AutoCAD software. It is understood that SMC has hired different consultants and have done
toposurvey and prepared base map for the SMC area for water supply scheme.
3. Customer door-to-door survey to determine the property details, number of households,
resident population, type of water use, availability of water connection, alternate water supply
arrangements etc.
4. Topographical Ground Survey: As stated above SMC has already doing/completed DGPS survey
for the Shimla Municipal Area. Based on ground profiling survey a digital elevation model (DEM)
can be prepared for the entire city including peripheral areas which would form the basis for any
network design and modeling.
5. Network mapping: Once DEM is prepared all available network data should be transposed
as overlays using AutoCAD software. A complete set of network maps covering the entire area
of supply should be built up. All data capture would initially be carried out by walking along
streets with the local valve operators and oral enquiry. Trial excavations will be needed at
critical locations to confirm pipe diameters, materials. Locations of all valves and other
appurtenances should be marked. This shall be an ongoing process to increase reliability of data.
As built drawings of the new networks being implemented by SMC might be available and these
shall be integrated into the network map. A simple format in local language for capturing leak
repair data may be instituted and insisted upon and as the data is reported from each leak the
respective asset data shall be corrected and validated.
6. Setting up a GIS: The network maps described in the previous section will be used as the basis of
the GIS. The GIS integrates hardware, software, and data for capturing, managing, analyzing,
and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information. GIS allows the user to view,
understand, question, interpret, and visualize data in many ways that reveal relationships,
patterns, and trends in the form of maps, globes, reports, and charts. A GIS helps the user to
answer questions and solve problems by looking at data in a way that is quickly understood and
easily shared.
5.1.2 DMA Establishment
1. Hydraulic modeling: This is required to simulate the operation of the real network in all of its
key elements. It contains the characteristics of the pipes, pumps, reservoirs, valves, customer
consumption and leakage. In Indian water utilities, network future design is often interpreted as
hydraulic modeling. The design is primarily for sizing of pipes for future projected demand
capacities. Hydraulic modeling is actually simulating the network for the current consumption
pattern and current level of leakage which is developed through an iterative simulation process
duly capturing the flow and pressure data of the current network functioning scenario. When
Assessment of NRW and developing Strategy and Implementation Action Plan
for Reduction of NRW in the City of Shimla
Draft Final Report
MUNICIPAL CORPORATION SHIMLA
57
the network has been properly calibrated, it enables the current operation of the network to be
fully understood, identify anomalies and most importantly optimize the design of any
modifications to the configuration of the network before they are created in the field, thus
assuring pipes are correctly sized and avoiding customer complaints.
2. DMA establishment: The network should be sub-divided into District Metering Areas (DMAs)
supplied by a limited number of key mains, on which flow meters are installed. In this way it is
possible to regularly identify the leakage level in each DMA so that the leakage location activity
is always directed to the worst parts of the network and provide a permanent leakage control
system. The DMA should be set up and managed in accordance with the IWA “District Meter
Areas – Guidance Notes” of February 2007. This document provides a comprehensive manual
for setting-up and for maintaining DMAs. Initially are presentative number of DMAs should be
established as “Demo Zones” in order to confirm the condition of the infrastructure.
5.1.3 Flow and Consumption Measurement
1. Production metering: Currently the production metering is partially available in measurement
of raw water from various sources. An appreciable SCADA system should be in place with
proper AMR metering system.
2. Zone meters: Similarly, flows at major off-takes from Transmission Mains into major zones of
the network need to be metered, including inflow/outflow at all main service reservoirs and
intermediate pumping stations. All meters should be equipped with pressure sensors and data
loggers and be installed according to manufacturers’ instructions in chambers accessible for
maintenance. Now that the improvement works are planned on a zonal distribution model, it
would be easy to install bulk flow meters on all transmission mains as well as on the outlets of
the command reservoirs. Electro-magnetic flow meters (battery operated) and pressure
transducers with sufficient capacity data loggers need to be installed at all strategic locations for
effective monitoring of network.
3. Customer metering: The installation of domestic meters should take place hand in hand with
the development towards a permanent 24x7 service. Special care should be taken for all large
consumers, to ensure correctly sized meters are provided and installed and the meters are
conveniently located. Appropriate standard designs for meter installations should be established
at the outset of this work and should be followed rigorously to avoid later confusion and to
simplify future meter readings.
4. Extend metered connections in unserved areas: All new connections in the newly served are as
should be metered.
The technique of leakage monitoring is considered to be the major contributor to cost-effective
and efficient leakage management. It is a methodology which can be applied to all networks.
Assessment of NRW and developing Strategy and Implementation Action Plan
for Reduction of NRW in the City of Shimla
Draft Final Report
MUNICIPAL CORPORATION SHIMLA
58
Even in systems with supply deficiencies leakage monitoring zones can be introduced gradually.
One zone at a time is created and leaks detected and repaired, before moving on to create the
next zone. This systematic approach gradually improves the hydraulic characteristics of the
network and improves supply.
Leakage monitoring requires the installation of Automatic flow meters (AMR) at strategic points
throughout the distribution system, each meter recording flows into a discrete district which has
a defined and permanent boundary. Such a district is called a District Meter Area (DMA); The
design of a leakage monitoring system has two aims:
To divide the distribution network into a number of zones or DMAs, each with a defined and
permanent boundary, so that night flows into each district can be regularly monitored,
enabling the presence of unreported bursts and leakage to be identified and located
To manage pressure in each district or group of districts so that the network is operated at the
optimum level of pressure
Depending on the characteristics of the network, a DMA may be:
(i) supplied via single or multiple feeds;
(ii) a discrete area (i.e. no flow into adjacent DMAs)
(iii) an area which cascades into an adjacent DMA
It therefore follows that a leakage monitoring system will comprise a number of districts where
flow is measured by permanently installed flowmeters. In some cases the flowmeter installation
will incorporate a pressure reducing valve.
Below figure shows an example of the configuration of several DMA types within a 'water into
supply' (WIS) zone boundary, and the DMA recording system;
• a transmission main DMA (501D04)
• a discrete DMA off a transmission main branch connection (501D03)
• a cascading DMA (501D02/501D01)
Assessment of NRW and developing Strategy and Implementation Action Plan
for Reduction of NRW in the City of Shimla
Draft Final Report
MUNICIPAL CORPORATION SHIMLA
59
The DMA meters are sometimes linked to a central control station via telemetry so that flow
data are continuously recorded. Caution is needed if telemetry is to be considered, as the cost
can quickly escalate and exceed the value of the water lost. Analysis of these data, particularly
of flow rates during the night, determines whether consumption in any one DMA has
progressively and consistently increased, indicating a burst or undetected leakage.
5.1.4 Reducing Commercial Losses
Regularize illegal connections: During the leak detection exercise, it is probable that
unauthorized connections and incidents of meter tampering will be located. These
incidents will be reported directly to the NRW Team for their action according to their
Policy of disconnecting or regularizing of both illegal connections and meter tampering.
Improved billing and revenue collection: Currently SMC practices water tax regime, in case
of customers located within 100m service perimeter from the networks even though the
customers have no connection. These customers would be potential source for un-
authorized consumption. Therefore long-term efforts will be needed to reduce the un-
authorized consumption by sustained communications, relaxing the procedures of sanction
of connections and robust customer billing and revenue collection techniques.
5.1.5 Reducing Physical Loses
Continuous water supply: Once major leaks are identified and repaired the resultant water
balance would indicate the level of losses and each DMA is then progressively increased
with supply hours depending upon the production resources available.
Assessment of NRW and developing Strategy and Implementation Action Plan
for Reduction of NRW in the City of Shimla
Draft Final Report
MUNICIPAL CORPORATION SHIMLA
60
Leak detection and repair within the DMAs: Normal sounding investigations will be
required in the DMA to locate any major leaks on pipes or connections. Leaking service
connections will be entirely replaced, including the pipe saddle. The NRW team will
identify the connections for replacement and perform the replacement connections.
When the replacement work in a DMA is finished, a night flow test will be carried out to
quantify any reduction in non-revenue water directly due to connection replacement.
Pipe and connection replacements: Connection replacement will be the first NRW
reduction strategy to be carried out in DMAs because it is expected that there will be
many leaks on the connections, often at the tapping point. The location and repair of
these leaks will result in a reduction of physical losses but also will eliminate many leak
noises that will then facilitate location of any pipeline bursts in the DMA.
Pressure management: An important factor in lowering and subsequently
maintaining a low level of leakage in a water network is pressure control.
SCADA system: A SCADA System is an invaluable for monitoring the performance of a water
distribution network. With SCADA system, SMC can have right data at central point and
can do data analysis and generation of periodical reports. Also it needs to be integrated
with the zonal meters and pressure monitoring points to be installed under the NRW control
program.
5.1.6 NRW Monitoring
Network monitor ing a n d m a n a g e m e n t : Following the implementation of NRW Control
program in each DMA, a period of monitoring and maintenance of the reduction that has been
achieved will begin. The point at which the next intervention will take place will be determined
individually for each DMA. For each DMA, an intervention level for losses will be set and when
ever this level is reached due to the natural rate of rise of leakage, a leak detection and repair
exercise will be carried out to bring the NRW level back down to the original baseline or exit
level. The long term average NRW level for each DMA will lie between the intervention and exit
levels that are set. This concept of regular intervention into each DMA determined by the setting
of intervention and exit levels will ensure sustainability of the NRW targets over along period of
time. The main objective of this contract would be to reduce non-revenue water in the service
area in an efficient and sustainable way. The main contract element therefore is "Non- Revenue
Water Reduction and Management Services "which will be paid on a performance basis. The
contract will be implemented in four distinct phases.
Assessment of NRW and developing Strategy and Implementation Action Plan
for Reduction of NRW in the City of Shimla
Draft Final Report
MUNICIPAL CORPORATION SHIMLA
61
Phase Period
Study Phase 12 months from the date of
commencement of contract and up to
approval ofServiceImprovementPlan(SIP) DMA Establishment Phase 12 months from the date of approval of SIP
Rehabilitation Phase 36 months from the date of approval of SIP
NRW Reduction Phase 60 months from the date of approval of
SIP and up to the date of completion of
contract
Activities under this point will traditionally include (but not be limited to):
A. Topographical and customer door-door survey
B. Preparation of network base maps
C. Hydraulic modeling and DMA design
D. Management improvements including systems, tools and plants
E. Procurement of works and equipment for establishing DMAs
F. Procurement of works for customer metering (AMR) including production, transmission,
GLR/SLR/OHT etc
G. Construction supervision and quality control of works
H. Preparation of baseline water balance
I. Leak detection surveys;
J. Pressure management;
K. Leak repair on mains;
L. Replacement of leaking service connections;
M. Repetition of leak detection surveys, repairs and pressure fine-tuning;
N. Continuous flow and pressure data logging (SCADA System for online water balancing)
O. Repetition of leak detection and repair should the minimum night flow exceed the tolerance
limits;
P. Detection of illegal connections.
ANNEXURES
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T
I
O
N
R
I
S
I
N
G
M
A
I
N
G
R
A
V
I
T
Y
M
A
I
N
3
.
5
M
L
D
FINGASK DMABOUNDARY
JHAKU DMABOUNDARY
DHALLI DMABOUNDARY
NEW SHIMLA SEC.-3 DMABOUNDARY
VIKAS NAGAR DMABOUNDARY
D
R
A
B
L
A
P
U
M
P
-
H
O
U
S
E
MAP SHOWING 14-ZONES OF WATER SUPPLY INCLUDING PROJECT DMA's
ANNEXURE 3A
Dhalli WTP
Lambi Dhar
4
5
0
m
m
T
o
S
a
n
j
u
a
l
i
T
a
n
k
f
r
o
m
C
a
r
i
g
n
a
n
o
&
M
a
s
o
b
r
a
D
u
r
g
a
C
o
l
o
n
y
Dhalli Thana
Post
office
D
h
a
lli C
h
o
w
k
Dhalli Bypass
NH-22
N
D
H
A
L
L
I
S
R
S
E
O
G
R
E
S
E
R
V
O
I
R
S
O
U
R
C
E
D
H
A
L
L
I
C
A
T
C
H
M
E
N
T
0.4
5 M
LD
GR
AV
ITY
S
O
U
R
C
E
C
H
A
I
R
N
A
L
L
A
H
RIS
IN
G M
AIN
G
R
A
V
I
T
Y
M
A
I
N
S
T
R
O
A
G
E
T
A
N
K
A
T
L
A
M
B
I
D
H
A
R
1.2
0 M
LD
D
H
A
L
L
I
W
T
P
.
S
O
U
R
C
E
J
A
G
R
O
T
I
C
H
U
R
A
T
P
U
M
P
I
N
G
S
T
A
T
I
O
N
G
R
A
V
I
T
Y
M
A
I
N
3
.
5
M
L
D
Dhalli WTP
N
GR
AV
ITY
MA
IN
Dhalli DMA
25mm Dia Pipe
50mm Dia Pipe
65mm Dia Pipe
LEGEND :-
Water Tank
15mm Dia Pipe
Pump House
80mm Dia Pipe
150mm Dia Pipe
250mm Dia Pipe
450mm Dia Pipe
Sluice Valve
Fire Hydrant Valve
Air Valve
Building, Temple etc.
Dhalli
Old 150mm Line
Old 150mm Line
New 150mm Line
450mm
DMA Boundary
65mmØ
8
0
m
m
Ø
50m
m
Ø
50mmØ
6
5
m
m
Ø
6
5
m
m
Ø
10
Connections
1
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
30
Connections
2
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n
s
2
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
5
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
25
Connectio
ns
3
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
30
Connections
3
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
30 C
onnections
Total connections in whole DMA is 228
Stand Post
FLOW MONITORING WAS DONE
ON THIS LOCATION AT 150mm
PIPE
ANNEXURE 3B
20mm Dia Pipe
25mm Dia Pipe
32mm Dia Pipe
LEGEND :-
Water Tank
15mm Dia Pipe
Household Connec.
40mm Dia Pipe
50mm Dia Pipe
65mm Dia Pipe
Sluice Valve
Building, Temple etc.
DMA Boundary
Kali Bari Temple
Fingask Tank-2
C: 1 Lakh L.
Fingask Tank-2
C: 60,000 L.
Tara Hall
Tank
Tara Hall School
Grand Hotel
N
Lal Bagh
Sheel hotel
T
o
L
a
k
k
a
r
B
a
z
a
r
Mall R
oad
T
o
T
a
r
G
h
a
r
To A.G Office
1
2
5
m
m
Ø
1
2
5
m
m
Ø
1
2
"
Ø
L
in
e
t
o
C
h
a
u
r
a
M
a
id
a
n
f
r
o
m
R
id
g
e
T
a
n
k
6"Ø
Lin
e fro
m 1
6"
Chuara
Maid
an L
ine
6"Ø
Lin
e from
Rid
ge T
ank
Fingask Area DMA
80mm Dia Pipe
100mm Dia Pipe
125mm Dia Pipe
150mm Dia Pipe
3
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
io
n
s
3
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n
s
4
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
6
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n
s
6
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
1
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
1
0
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
1
0
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
io
n
s
3
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
io
n
s
2
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
io
n
s
2
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
5
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n
s
1
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
2
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
2
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
io
n
s
10 Connections
by 15mm Dia Pipe
1
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
b
y
1
5
m
m
D
i
a
P
i
p
e
30 Connections
by 15mm Dia Pipe
Total connections in whole DMA is 210
Flow monitoring location
ANNEXURE 3C
Jakhu Temple
Jakhu New Tank
Ridge Ugr
Marina Hotel
I
G
M
C
B
o
y
s
H
o
s
t
l
e
Snow Down Pump
House(IGMC)
Bothwell Lodge
B
h
a
jji H
o
u
s
e
Stock Place
R
it
z
C
in
e
m
a
U.S Club
D
r
e
a
m
L
a
n
d
H
o
t
e
l
Indus Hospital
Five Banch
Chowk
NAV BAHAR CHOWK
Housing Board
Tank 15000L
Lehnu Bhawan
M
e
h
m
a
n
H
o
t
e
l
D
a
is
y
B
a
n
k
Holy Lodge
Rohtenhey Castle
R
ic
h
m
o
u
n
t
C
h
o
w
k
T
o
J
u
d
g
e
H
o
u
s
e
Yo
dh
a N
iw
as
Siwalik Hotel
Woodland Hotel
Housing Board
Colony
Housing Board
Colony
Oakvilla
NJakhu DMA
R
id
g
e
R
o
a
d
M
a
ll R
o
a
d
M
a
l
l
R
o
a
d
M
a
l
l
R
o
a
d
Ram Chandra
Chowk
U
.
S
C
l
u
b
R
o
a
d
C
a
r
t
R
o
a
d
T
o
S
a
n
ja
u
li
To Nav Bahar
To Jakhu
25mm Dia Pipe
40mm Dia Pipe
50mm Dia Pipe
LEGEND :-
Water Tank
15mm Dia Pipe
65mm Dia Pipe
80mm Dia Pipe
100mm Dia Pipe
Sluice Valve
Building, Temple etc.
DMA Boundary
Titla Hotel Chowk
125mm Dia Pipe
150mm Dia Pipe
225mm Dia Pipe
450mm Dia Pipe
2
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n
s
3
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n
s
1
8
C
o
n
n
e
ctio
n
s
1
2
C
o
n
n
e
ctio
n
s
2
0
C
o
n
n
e
ctio
n
s
1
5
0
C
o
n
n
e
ctio
n
s
26
Connections
1
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
3
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n
s
1
0
,2
0
,3
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n
s
3
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
io
n
s
2
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
15
Connections
2
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
4
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n
s
3
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
2
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
7
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
io
n
s
4
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
1
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
1
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
7
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
2
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
5
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
5
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
5
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
2
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
Total connections in whole DMA is 1097
20 Connections
by 15mm Dia Pipe
3
0
,4
0
,5
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n
s
5
0
,8
0
,1
0
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n
s
3
C
onnections
u
p
to
1
2
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n
s
2
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
io
n
s
8
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
io
n
s
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
1
1
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
Crendley Cottage
3
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
io
n
s
5
,
1
5
,
2
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
io
n
s
2
0
,
3
0
,
3
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
io
n
s
3
5
,
7
0
,
1
0
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
io
n
s
u
p
t
o
1
1
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
3
C
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n
s
2
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
4
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
2
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
Jakhu Old Tank
8
0
m
m
1
5
0
m
m
5
0
m
m
8
0
m
m
8
0
m
m
8
0
m
m
8
0
m
m
80m
m
2
5
m
m
F
r
o
m
S
a
n
ja
u
li
t
o
R
id
g
e
P
ip
e
L
in
e
8
0
m
m
5
0
m
m
80m
m
125m
m
8
0
m
m
8
0
m
m
80m
m
3
2
m
m
3
2
m
m
2
5
m
m
1
2
3
4
5
Stand Post
Flow monitoring location
Done at Pump House
ANNEXURE 3D
K
r
a
n
t
i
C
h
o
w
k
Sector -3 Old
Tank C:80000 L
Sector -3 New Tank
C:6 Lakh L
25mm Dia Pipe
32mm Dia Pipe
50mm Dia Pipe
LEGEND :-
Water Tank
Roads
65mm Dia Pipe
80mm Dia Pipe
100mm Dia Pipe
Sluice Valve
Building, Temple etc.
DMA Boundary
NSector-3 New Shimla DMA
1
0
0
m
m
Ø
P
ip
efro
m
S
e
c
-2
T
a
n
k
J
C
B
S
c
h
o
o
l
M
a
n
s
a
K
u
n
j
B
-
2
3
6
B
L
-
2
7
AB
L
-
2
7
B
L
-
2
4
BL-1
9 &
20
B
L
-
2
2
Flow monitoring was
done on this 100mm
Pipe.
ANNEXURE 3E
Sudh Building
V
e
r
m
a
A
p
p
a
r
tm
e
n
t
Kali Mata
Mandir
Vikas Nagar
Lower Vikas Nagar
A
m
b
a
l
a
S
h
i
m
l
a
R
o
a
d
100m
mØ
F
rom
Chhota S
him
la
T
o
P
a
n
t
h
a
G
h
a
t
i
T
o
B
C
S
2
0
0
m
m
Ø
f
r
o
m
K
a
s
u
m
p
t
i
P
u
m
p
H
o
u
s
e
250mm Ø from
Kasumpti Pump
House
S
a
r
a
s
w
a
t
i
V
i
d
h
y
a
m
a
n
d
i
r
S
c
h
o
o
l
Bharat Sadan
Reserve Bank
of India
S
a
ra
s
w
a
ti P
rim
a
ry
S
c
h
o
o
l
25mm Dia Pipe
50mm Dia Pipe
65mm Dia Pipe
LEGEND :-
Water Tank
Roads
80mm Dia Pipe
150mm Dia Pipe
200mm Dia Pipe
250mm Dia Pipe
Sluice Valve
Building, Temple etc.
DMA Boundary
Vikas Nagar Tank
C: 40000 L
NVikas Nagar DMA
9
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
io
n
s
2
4
C
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n
s
1
6
C
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n
s
2
4
C
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n
s
1
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
8
C
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n
s
1
8
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
io
n
s
1
6
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
1
6
C
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n
s
6
C
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n
s
1
6
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
8
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
1
6
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
2
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
2
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
3
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
3 C
onnections
1
6
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
3
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
1
6
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
2
4
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
2
4
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
io
n
s
1
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
2
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
1
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
1
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
C-23
C-22
C-21
C-20
8
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
2
4 C
onnectio
ns
8
C
o
n
n
e
ctio
n
s
8 C
onnections
9
6
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
8
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
1
6
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
8
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
4
2
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
16 C
onnections
2
4
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
8 Connections
1
6
C
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n
s
2
4
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
1
6
C
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n
s
1
6
C
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n
s
1
6
C
o
n
n
e
ctio
n
s
8 Connections
8
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
7
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
io
n
s
1
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
1
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
8
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
2
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n
s
8
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
20 C
onnections
1
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n
s
1
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
1
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
8
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
io
n
s
2
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
15 Connections
5
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
3
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
8
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
3
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
1
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
4
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n
s
1
0
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
1
2
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
2
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
io
n
s
8
C
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n
s
15 Connections
3 Connections
1
0
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
1
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
15 C
onnectio
ns
2
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n
s
6
C
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n
s
5
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
io
n
s
2
0
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
io
n
s
10 Connections
Dev Nagar
40mm Dia Pipe
20mm Dia Pipe
15mm Dia Pipe
Household conn.
Flow monitoring was done on
Panthaghati Pump-House
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