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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
THEORY
SEMESTER I
LECTURE 3
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ADT 2009 Prof Anil Kumar, GCAD 4
The Elements and Principles of design are
the building blocks used to create a work
of art.
The Elements of design can be thought of
as the things that make up a painting,drawing, design etc.
Good or bad - all designs will contain most
of if not all, the elements of design.
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ADT 2009 Prof Anil Kumar, GCAD 5
An element is one of those most basic
visible things. In science, the elements
are on the periodic chart (hydrogen, iron,
oxygen, gold, sulfur, etc.). All the complexchemicals are simply combinations of
these (H2O).
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ADT 2009 Prof Anil Kumar, GCAD 6
An artistic product is createdby a combination of visualelements.
All that is visible is made upof visual elements.
An element will be a single
entity and can not be calledan element if combined withanything else.
In reality rarely if ever would
an element exist in isolation.It will be present as a part ofa combination of elements.
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ADT 2009 Prof Anil Kumar, GCAD 8
Dots
The Dot is the simplest irreducibleminimum unit of visualcommunication.
Any point has strong visual power
to attract the eye wherever it existsnaturally or is placed by artists inresponse to a purpose.
Dots connect, and therefore are
capable of leading the eye. In great profusion and juxtaposed,dots create the illusion of tone orcolor.
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ADT 2009 Prof Anil Kumar, GCAD 9
Artists have takenthe advantage ofthe qualities of dots
to create beautifulpaintings asthese in a large
number createtones.
A pointillist impressionist painting by
Seurat a French painter.
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ADT 2009 Prof Anil Kumar, GCAD 11
Line can also be seen as a mark on asurface that describes a shape or outline. It
can create texture and can be thick andthin. Types of line can include actual,implied, vertical, horizontal, diagonal andcontour lines.
A line can also be seen as a form that haslength and width but no depth. Lines areused to create edges and outlines of objects
but by themselves can also be suggestive ofvisual expression. A line is created by themovement of a pen, pencil or brush.
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ADT 2009 Prof Anil Kumar, GCAD 12
Line can be considered in two ways.The linear marks made with a pen orbrush or the edge created when two
shapes meet.
Line - is a mark on a surface that
describes a shape or outline.
It can create texture and can bethick and thin. Types of line can
include actual, implied, vertical,
horizontal, diagonal and contour
lines.
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ADT 2009 Prof Anil Kumar, GCAD 13
Lines are basic to all of the visual
arts. Drawing is more or less based
on using lines.
The odd thing about lines is that they
do not occur in nature.
Line in art is an artificial device that
we have learned to interpret as
representing something. You have
learned to read drawings with linessince childhood. The usual meaning
of a line is that it represents an edge.
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ADT 2009 Prof Anil Kumar, GCAD 14
Line defines the position and direction of the
design. If you have lines or shapes that
seem to be running horizontally, then thedesign would seem like it's running in a left
and right line.
Make sure your design identifies some sortof line so that the human eye can recognize
which side is the top of the design or on
which side the design is suppose to startwith interest.
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ADT 2009 Prof Anil Kumar, GCAD 15
Tips on using lines:
Decide which part of your display is themost important, and direct attention to it by
judicious use of line. Do not scatter lines about at random.
Remember that margins are an invisible
line. Attention to line does not mean that all
elements in the design have to be linedup.
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ADT 2009 Prof Anil Kumar, GCAD 16
Line can be used to define the edge of space
as well as the edge of an object. The line that
forms the rectangle to the right separates thatshape from the rest of the page. The line
through its center divides the rectangle in two.
Implied lines
Lines can be thick and thin, monochromatic or
multicolored
each having a different feel about it.
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ADT 2009 Prof Anil Kumar, GCAD 17
Lines can make a statement by their direction
Stable and placid
Unstable, restless, ambitious etc.
Regressive Progressive
Lines represent order and give
the eye explicit directions about
where to look and how tointerpret what it sees.
Lines can be straight or curved.
Lines can be thick and thin.
Just straight lines can be expressive by
their direction.
Horizontal stability
Vertical ambitionAngular - direction
Combination of lines can generate
discernable or suggestive shapes.
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ADT 2009 Prof Anil Kumar, GCAD 20
Curving lines giveunfilled areas a flowing,rhythmic quality.
The sketch is designedto make us perceiveoptical effects that arenot there.
These drawings havethe mystery of a figure-ground reversal: wecannot be sure whetherthe design is black orwhite on black.
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Straight lines can be modulated to create optical illusions
A f li
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A few lines can
generate associative
mental images. Here,
however, the line byitself loses its intrinsic
meaning, as the
shape becomes more
prominent.
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