MICROARRAY
MicroarrayMicroarray
Just a bunch of dots…
Or a smooth comprehensive data
MICROARRAY
Study the expression of genes at once
Study the expression of genes at once
Involves placing thousands of gene
sequences in known locations on a glass slide
called a gene chip
Involves placing thousands of gene
sequences in known locations on a glass slide
called a gene chip
A sample containing DNA or RNA is placed in contact with the
gene chip.
A sample containing DNA or RNA is placed in contact with the
gene chip.
Complementary base pairing between the
sample and the gene sequences
on the chip produces light
that is measured.
Complementary base pairing between the
sample and the gene sequences
on the chip produces light
that is measured.
HistoryHistory
Evolved from Southern Blot
Miniaturized microarrays were introduced in 1995 (Science 1995;270:467)
1980s - better surface technologies, more powerful robots for arraying, better nucleic acid dye labeling techniques and improved computational power and automated analyzers have vastly improved the power and efficiency of microarray, while also lowering the cost of these analyses
HistoryHistory
Used to analyze many different systems, including the classification of microbes and human microbial pathogens, cellular responses to pathogens, drug and toxic exposures, tumor classification, single nucleotide polymorphism detection, the detection of gene fusions, comparative genomic hybridization, alternative splicing detection (exon junction array/exon arrays) and gene expression profiling via analyzing global mRNA levels
Classification of microbes and human microbial pathogens Classification of microbes and human microbial pathogens
Cellular responses to pathogensCellular responses to pathogens
Drug and toxic exposuresDrug and toxic exposures
Tumor classification Tumor classification
Detection of gene fusions Detection of gene fusions
How does the equipment look like?
How is the technique done?
ApplicationsApplications
Microarray Analyses of Shrimp Immune ResponsesMicroarray Analyses of Shrimp Immune ResponsesTakashi Aoki, Han-Ching Wang, Sasimanas Unajak
Mudjekeewis D. Santos, Hidehiro Kondo, Ikuo Hirono2010
Shrimp Aquaculture
Shrimp Aquaculture
Shrimp Aquaculture
Shrimp Aquaculture diseases
Environmental factors
Antibiotic use
Several problems include:
ObjectiveObjective
Review the gene expression profile of shrimp in response to some of the problems using microarray analysis
Immune-related gene expression following WSSV infectionImmune-related gene expression following WSSV infection
Immune-related gene expression following YHV infectionImmune-related gene expression following YHV infection
Immune-related gene expression following Vibrio infectionImmune-related gene expression following Vibrio infection
6 Categories of Shrimp Immune Responses against different stimuli:
Immune-related gene expression following ImmunostimulationImmune-related gene expression following Immunostimulation
Immune-related gene expression following antibiotic treatmentImmune-related gene expression following antibiotic treatment
Immune-related gene expression following environmental stressImmune-related gene expression following environmental stress
White Spot Syndrome VirusWhite Spot Syndrome Virus(WSSV)(WSSV)
Immune-related gene expression following WSSV infectionImmune-related gene expression following WSSV infection
Microarray results, together with the results of other shrimp gene studies, indicated not only the importance of innate immunity for defense against WSSV, but also the novel
antiviral functions of known and unknown proteins in innate immunity.
Yellow Head VirusYellow Head Virus(YHV)(YHV)
Immune-related gene expression following YHV infectionImmune-related gene expression following YHV infection
-Over ten responsive genes were shrimp immune-related genes
- Five genes showed relatively consistent high expression throughout the YHV infection
VibrioVibrio infection infection
Immune-related gene expression following Vibrio infectionImmune-related gene expression following Vibrio infection
-Suggests that different immune modulation responses can be triggered by different pathogens
-Hemocyanin expression was significantly suppressed in WSSV treated shrimp, whereas it was up regulated in inactivated
Vibrio
Immune-related gene expression following ImmunostimulationImmune-related gene expression following Immunostimulation
- Analysis showed that PG administration up-regulated the expression of immune-related genes
Immune-related gene expression following antibiotic treatmentImmune-related gene expression following antibiotic treatment
-For therapeutic and prophylactic purposes
-Expression of genes in the shrimp lymphoid organ including those that are involved in immune response were altered after
the administration of antibiotics
Immune-related gene expression following antibiotic treatmentImmune-related gene expression following antibiotic treatment
Immune-related gene expression following environmental stressImmune-related gene expression following environmental stress
Immune-related gene expression following environmental stressImmune-related gene expression following environmental stress
-Stress should decrease the ability of shrimp to defend themselves against pathogens
-Shrimp physical condition, the immune response, and environmental stress are closely related
ConclusionConclusion
Effective tool in elucidating and understanding the mechanisms of shrimp responses to viral and bacterial
infection, antibiotic treatment and environmental stress.
The technique is an indispensable tool in the study of shrimp and should reveal breakthrough information that
could lead to novel applications
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