Copyright © 201
Diversity of Biomolecules Having Pest Control Potential
Anasane Pradnya, Meshram Reena, Chaturvedi AlkaPG Department of Botany, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur
Abstract – Many plants have the potential to be act as
pesticides. Nature shows a big diversity in its flora. Number
of biomolecules present in the plants has a particular
pesticidal property. The paper deals with the survey of some
of those plants and their probable biomolecules having
pesticide properties. These biomolecules have different
effects on different pests. Diversity of these biomolecules
belonging plants can be useful for the selection of plants
during pesticide production and its application.
Keywords – Pesticides, Biomolecules, Diversity, Flora,
Survey.
I. INTRODUCTION
The green revolution technology characterized by the
use of high yielding varieties, chemical fertilizers,
pesticides and water have resulted in a great increase in
agricultural productivity. The abiotic and biotic
components of the environment have been severely
affected by the use of synthetic chemical pesticides
of chemical pesticides into the food chain coupled with
their bioaccumulation triggers several unforeseen
consequences. The indiscriminately used chemical
insecticide led to the contamination of water and food
sources, poisoning of non-target benef
development of insect populations resistant to the
insecticide.
One of the promising alternatives has been the use of
biopesticides. They can replace some hazardous chemical
pesticides when incorporated into integrated crop
management technology upto great extent. Although
potential and scope of biopesticides and biofertilizers for
promoting sustainable agriculture has been known for
years, organic farming has emerged now in view of the
growing demands for the safe and healthy food, and
concerns on environmental pollution.
Biopesticides is an appropriate, easily executable, highly
useful, economically viable and environm
method in the ecofriendly microbes, invertebrate and
vertebrate management. Biopesticides may be derived
from animals (e.g. nematodes), plants (Chrysanthemum,
Azadirachta) and micro-organisms (e.g.
thuringiensis, Trichoderma, nucleopolyhedrosis virus),
and include living organisms (natural enemies), their
products (phytochemicals, microbial products
byproducts (semiochemicals) which can be used for the
management of pests injurious.
Plants are the big reservoir of the number of
biomolecules which can be use in one or more purposes.
Every biotic contents of environment can be benefited by
these biomolecules in many ways. Likewise there are
many compounds or biomolecules in plants which are
Copyright © 2015 IJAIR, All right reserved
1761
International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research
Volume 3, Issue 6, ISSN (Online) 2319
f Biomolecules Having Pest Control Potential
of the Plants
Anasane Pradnya, Meshram Reena, Chaturvedi Alka epartment of Botany, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur
Many plants have the potential to be act as
pesticides. Nature shows a big diversity in its flora. Number
plants has a particular
pesticidal property. The paper deals with the survey of some
of those plants and their probable biomolecules having
pesticide properties. These biomolecules have different
effects on different pests. Diversity of these biomolecules and
belonging plants can be useful for the selection of plants
during pesticide production and its application.
Pesticides, Biomolecules, Diversity, Flora,
NTRODUCTION
The green revolution technology characterized by the
high yielding varieties, chemical fertilizers,
pesticides and water have resulted in a great increase in
agricultural productivity. The abiotic and biotic
components of the environment have been severely
affected by the use of synthetic chemical pesticides. Entry
of chemical pesticides into the food chain coupled with
their bioaccumulation triggers several unforeseen
consequences. The indiscriminately used chemical
insecticide led to the contamination of water and food
target beneficial insects and
development of insect populations resistant to the
One of the promising alternatives has been the use of
biopesticides. They can replace some hazardous chemical
pesticides when incorporated into integrated crop
chnology upto great extent. Although
potential and scope of biopesticides and biofertilizers for
promoting sustainable agriculture has been known for
years, organic farming has emerged now in view of the
growing demands for the safe and healthy food, and
is an appropriate, easily executable, highly
useful, economically viable and environmentally suitable
cofriendly microbes, invertebrate and
Biopesticides may be derived
from animals (e.g. nematodes), plants (Chrysanthemum,
organisms (e.g. Bacillus
, nucleopolyhedrosis virus),
and include living organisms (natural enemies), their
products (phytochemicals, microbial products) or
byproducts (semiochemicals) which can be used for the
Plants are the big reservoir of the number of
biomolecules which can be use in one or more purposes.
of environment can be benefited by
omolecules in many ways. Likewise there are
many compounds or biomolecules in plants which are
responsible for the pest control.
showed that there are many plants in our near
having pesticidal property.
II. DIVERSITY OF B
The physic nut, Jatropha curcas
belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family. This plant have
agro-industrial potential in India because the seed
produces non-edible oil that can be used as a biofuel.
Apart from the biodiesel production,
possess insecticidal or antifeedant properties [1, 2, 3
curcas, known for its insectic
insects of various families, and its ingestion inhibits the
growth of several Lepidoptera speci
toxicity was described by Solsoloy [5
extract from J.curcas has insecticidal activity against
Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera) and
zeamais (Coleoptera) [6], and
(Diptera). Rahuman et al. [7] reported the petroleum ether
extracts of J. curcas showed larvicidal activity. Petroleum
ether crude leaf extract of J. curc
larvicidal effects on vector mosquitoes including
quinquefasciatus, An. stephensi
Fig.1. Phorbol
Phorbol compound is present in
Euphorbia mili, Euphorbia tirucalli
Phorbol shows molluscicidal activity against
Schistosomiasis-transmitting snails like
glabrata and B. tenagophila due to
insecticidal and repellant properties against aphids
hoppers and mosquites(10).
Kensa and Yasmin (2011)[11
Ricinus communis. Alkaloids interfere with cell division
and presence of these substances might be responsible for
the inhibition of Lemna minor
toxic phytochemicals may either damage the DNA or
inhibit protein synthesis, photosynthesis and plant growth
[12]. Several workers reported the inhibitory role of
alkaloids in plants [13]. Ricinin
communis. Ricinin has the property of repelling aphids,
mosquitoes, white lies, rust mites [14].
Manuscript Processing Details (dd/mm/yyyy) :
Received : 16/06/2015 | Accepted on : 22/06
International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research
, ISSN (Online) 2319-1473
f Biomolecules Having Pest Control Potential
epartment of Botany, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur
responsible for the pest control. Survey of some plants
showed that there are many plants in our near surrounding
BIOMOLECULES
Jatropha curcas Linn, is a plant that
iaceae family. This plant have high
industrial potential in India because the seed
edible oil that can be used as a biofuel.
Apart from the biodiesel production, Jatropha curcas
al or antifeedant properties [1, 2, 3]. J.
, known for its insecticidal properties, affects the
insects of various families, and its ingestion inhibits the
growth of several Lepidoptera species [4]. Its contact
ty was described by Solsoloy [5]. The methanolic
has insecticidal activity against
(Lepidoptera) and Sitophilus
], and Culex quinquefasciatus
] reported the petroleum ether
showed larvicidal activity. Petroleum
J. curcas was shown to have
larvicidal effects on vector mosquitoes including C.
quinquefasciatus, An. stephensi and A.aegypti [8, 9].
Fig.1. Phorbol
compound is present in Jatropha curcus,
Euphorbia mili, Euphorbia tirucalli L. (Euphorbiaceae).
Phorbol shows molluscicidal activity against
transmitting snails like Biomphalaria
due to miliamine-L. Also
insecticidal and repellant properties against aphids, grass
11] who detected alkaloids in
. Alkaloids interfere with cell division
and presence of these substances might be responsible for
(common duckweed). The
toxic phytochemicals may either damage the DNA or
inhibit protein synthesis, photosynthesis and plant growth
. Several workers reported the inhibitory role of
Ricinin is present in Ricinus
property of repelling aphids,
quitoes, white lies, rust mites [14].
Manuscript Processing Details (dd/mm/yyyy) :
6/2015 | Published : 27/06/2015
Copyright © 201
Fig.2. Ricinin
Euphorbia milii is a famous pot-house plant
orange-red flowering clones. A copious quantity of
poisonous, milky sap of E. milii contains diterpene esters.
The latex of Crown-of-Thorns (Euphorbia milii
ex Boiss var hislopii, syn, E. splendens
of the most interesting plant molluscicides that
tested so far. It is active against mollusks that are
intermediate hosts of Schistosoma trematodes
phytochemical fractionation of latex of
showed that milliamine L, one of eight substances derived
from active fractions, was 100 times as active as
miclosamide [16], a chemical compound used for
schistosomiasis snail vector control.
Euphorbia tirucalli is an ornamental plant commonly
known as Aveloz. The plant belongs to Euphorbiaceae
family. The species of Euphorbiaceae is extensively used
as a folk remedy by local population of many countries to
cure numerous diseases such as cancer, diabetes,
diarrhoea, heart diseases, hemorrhages, hepatitis, jaundice,
malaria, ophthalmic diseases, rheumatism and scabies etc.,
E. tirucalli is studied extensively by advanced scientific
techniques and various bioactive constituents have been
isolated from different parts of the plant and analyzed
pharmacologically. The plant is reported for
hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, antioxidant, insecticidal,
larvicidal, molluscicide and antiarthritic activity
major components of E. tirucalli latex are triterpenes[18,
19]. Latex contains diterpene esters of
ingenol and 12-deoxyphorbol esters
highly active carcinogenic and tumour promoting agents.
The fresh latex is reported to contain terpenic alcohol,
isoeuphorol, taraxasterol and tirucallol
contains Ketone euphorone. Resin is the principle
constituent of dried latex of E. tirucalli.
Fig.3. Ingenol
Ingenol compound is present in
Euphorbia tirucalli L. This compound found in most of
the species of Euphorbiaceae family. It shows
Molluscicidal activity against Schistosomiasis
snails like Biomphalaria glabrata and B. tenagophila
to miliamine-L.
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house plant with the
. A copious quantity of
contains diterpene esters.
Euphorbia milii Des Moul.
E. splendens) seems to be one
of the most interesting plant molluscicides that have been
tested so far. It is active against mollusks that are
trematodes [15]. The
phytochemical fractionation of latex of E. splendens
, one of eight substances derived
from active fractions, was 100 times as active as
, a chemical compound used for
is an ornamental plant commonly
known as Aveloz. The plant belongs to Euphorbiaceae
family. The species of Euphorbiaceae is extensively used
as a folk remedy by local population of many countries to
cure numerous diseases such as cancer, diabetes,
a, heart diseases, hemorrhages, hepatitis, jaundice,
malaria, ophthalmic diseases, rheumatism and scabies etc.,
is studied extensively by advanced scientific
techniques and various bioactive constituents have been
of the plant and analyzed
pharmacologically. The plant is reported for
hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, antioxidant, insecticidal,
cide and antiarthritic activity [17].The
latex are triterpenes[18,
Latex contains diterpene esters of the phorbol,
deoxyphorbol esters, reported to be
tumour promoting agents.
The fresh latex is reported to contain terpenic alcohol,
[20]. Dried latex
contains Ketone euphorone. Resin is the principle
Ingenol compound is present in Euphorbia milii,
L. This compound found in most of
the species of Euphorbiaceae family. It shows
Molluscicidal activity against Schistosomiasis-transmitting
B. tenagophila due
Fig.4. Linoleic Acid
Brassica species are important oil seed crop and have
potential for use as green manure crops
found in Brassica nigra. It has the property to repel and
kills insects, spiders and centipedes.
Fig.5. Azaditachtin
Many biologically active comp
from neem (Azadirachta indica
triterpenoides, azadirachtin
which reduces the feeding of insect. Azadirachtin
most effective insect growth regulator [
is an example of natural chemical defence by plant,
affecting feeding through chemoreception (
toxic effect [25]. It is a tetranortriterpenoid plant limonoid
that is oxidized with many reactive functional groups in
close proximity to each other [26
insecticidal, ovicidal, antifeedant and growth inhibiting
effects against many insect and storage pests. [27
Tagetes species possess the following secondary
metabolites in their flowers, seeds, and roots:
anetol, limonene, methyl eugenol, a
that are toxic to insects, mites, nematodes, bacteria, fungi,
and viruses. Such compounds have been reported to be
present in Tagetes essential oil, and they belong to certain
groups of hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes,
ketones, esters, carotenoids, flavonoids and thiophenes.
[34]. Citrus plant (Rutaceae),
(Meliaceae), Tagetes erecta (Asteraceae), etc. contains
Limonene. This biomolecule consist of neurotoxins,
insect growth regulators and repellants and fumigants
property.
Fig.6. Limolene
Crotolaria retusa (Fabaceae)
Callosobruchus maculates by 96h of exposure to its
International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research
, ISSN (Online) 2319-1473
Fig.4. Linoleic Acid
re important oil seed crop and have
for use as green manure crops [21]. Linoleic acid
. It has the property to repel and
kills insects, spiders and centipedes.
Fig.5. Azaditachtin
Many biologically active compounds have been isolated
Azadirachta indica), including
[22] and melantriol [23]
which reduces the feeding of insect. Azadirachtin-E is the
th regulator [24]. Azadirachtin
is an example of natural chemical defence by plant,
affecting feeding through chemoreception (deterrence) and
. It is a tetranortriterpenoid plant limonoid
that is oxidized with many reactive functional groups in
26]. Azadirachtin possesses
insecticidal, ovicidal, antifeedant and growth inhibiting
insect and storage pests. [27-33]
species possess the following secondary
metabolites in their flowers, seeds, and roots: alilanisol,
anetol, limonene, methyl eugenol, and β-karyophyllene
toxic to insects, mites, nematodes, bacteria, fungi,
and viruses. Such compounds have been reported to be
essential oil, and they belong to certain
cohols, ethers, aldehydes,
oids, flavonoids and thiophenes.
plant (Rutaceae), Azadirachta indica
(Asteraceae), etc. contains
. This biomolecule consist of neurotoxins,
regulators and repellants and fumigants
Fig.6. Limolene
(Fabaceae) evoking mortality of
by 96h of exposure to its
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extracts [35]. Pyrrolizidine, such as Monocrotaline,
Retusine, and spectabiline found in
Dalbergia paniculata (Fabaceae) is rich in rotenone.
Rotenone shows insecticidal, used as fish poison.
Indigofera tinctoria also contain rotenone, the extracts of
which were found to be effective against larvae of
Anopheles stephensi. I. indica shows antitumour [36
larvicidal and insecticidal [39, 40], anticonvulsant (41) and
Fig.7. Monocrota-line
Fig.8. Retusine
Fig.9. Spectabiline
Fig.10. Rotenone
Fig.11. Plumericin
snake venom [42] activities have been reported.
Phytochemically, from this plant species, blue dye
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Pyrrolizidine, such as Monocrotaline,
found in Crotolaria retusa.
(Fabaceae) is rich in rotenone.
shows insecticidal, used as fish poison.
also contain rotenone, the extracts of
which were found to be effective against larvae of
shows antitumour [36-38],
larvicidal and insecticidal [39, 40], anticonvulsant (41) and
line
2] activities have been reported.
Phytochemically, from this plant species, blue dye indigo
[43, 44], rotenoids, flavonoids and histamine
galactomannan, indirubin [47] and trigonelline
been reported. Plumericin and
in Plumeria rubra (Apocynaceae). These molecules show
molluscidal, antibacterial and also algicidal activity.
Fig.12. Iso-Plumericin
Fig.13. Oleoresin
M. O. Oni in 2010 highlights in his paper the results of
investigation on three application rates of
annum Miller and Capsicum frutscens
powders in the control of Callosobruchus
stored cowpea and Sitophilus
Oleoresin and Capsaicin can be found in
annum (Solanaceae). Chilies are used as stored grain
protectants. The pungency of the Oleoresin, capsaicin due
to which a burning sensation is produced acts on the
insects especially the soft bodies ones.
Fig.14. Nicotine
The larvicidal activity of leaf extracts of
tabacum (Solanaceae) was evaluated
vector, Aedes aegypti (L.) [49]
(Solanaceae) contain Nicotine
insecticide but act principally as a fumigant and a stomach
poison for vegetable and fruit pests which are soft
and minute, such as aphids, flies, leaf hoppers, thrips, red
spiders, snails, slugs and cabbage butterfly larvae.
The essential oil obtained from
verticillata, was found to
sesquiterpenoids cadina-4, 10(15)
aromadendr-1(10en9one(squamulosone)(30.7%).
exhibited chemosterilant activities
microplus, and toxic action against
[50]. Molluscicidal activity against
from a methanol extract of the
50ppm [51] Hyptis verticillata
Squamulosone, which when incubated with the fungus
Curvularia lunata, six metabolites were produced. All
International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research
, ISSN (Online) 2319-1473
4], rotenoids, flavonoids and histamine [45, 46],
47] and trigonelline [48] have
Plumericin and Isoplumericin are found
(Apocynaceae). These molecules show
molluscidal, antibacterial and also algicidal activity.
Plumericin
Fig.13. Oleoresin
M. O. Oni in 2010 highlights in his paper the results of
investigation on three application rates of Capsicum
Capsicum frutscens L. fruit and seed
allosobruchus maculatus in
zeamais in stored maize.
and Capsaicin can be found in Capsicum
(Solanaceae). Chilies are used as stored grain
protectants. The pungency of the Oleoresin, capsaicin due
to which a burning sensation is produced acts on the
t bodies ones.
Fig.14. Nicotine
leaf extracts of Nicotiana
was evaluated against the dengue
[49]. Nicotiana tabaccum
Nicotine which is a contact
but act principally as a fumigant and a stomach
poison for vegetable and fruit pests which are soft-bodied
and minute, such as aphids, flies, leaf hoppers, thrips, red
spiders, snails, slugs and cabbage butterfly larvae.
from the aerial parts of Hyptis
be dominated by the
10(15)-dien-3-one (15.1%) and
one(squamulosone)(30.7%). The oil
activities against Rhipicephalus
against adult Cylas formicarius
against snails was obtained
the plant at a concentration of
Hyptis verticillata (Lamiaceae) contain
, which when incubated with the fungus
, six metabolites were produced. All
Copyright © 201
these aromadendranes showed insecticidal activity against
the sweet potato weevil Cylas formicarius elegantulus
Fig.15.Squamulosone
Fig.16. Camphor
The essential oils of Oscimum americanum
be as potent in the larvicidal activity against
aegypti and caused 100% mortality at a concentration of
100 ppm. These results are very promising in creating new
effective and affordable approaches to the control of
mosquito and, thus, of dengue fever [52]
Citral are two main compounds found
americanum (Lamiaceae). The essential oils of the leaves
and seeds are repellant, toxic or growth inhibitory to many
insects.
Fig.17. Citral
The insecticidal [53] and insect repellant activities
55] of Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle (Poaceae)
as “Ceylon citronella”) oil against Sitroga cerealella
(Oliver) have been reported. Mosquito
of Cymbopogon nardus oil against six mosquito species
was previously reported by Ranaweera. The study
describes the larvicidal activity of Cymbopogon nardus
and its fractions against Culex qui
mosquitoes and it also caused 50% mortality of
stephensi larvae [56].
Lantana camara Linn. (Verbenaceae) is a hardy,
evergreen, straggling shrub with characteristic odour
a perennial shrub and all parts of this plant have been used
traditionally for several ailments throughout the world.
The leaves of this plant were used as an anti
antibacterial, and antihypertensive agent
the treatment of malaria, rheumatism, and skin rashes
Several tri- terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and
glycosides isolated from this plant are known to exert
diverse biological activities9. Extract from the leaves of
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International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research
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these aromadendranes showed insecticidal activity against
Cylas formicarius elegantulus.
Fig.15.Squamulosone
americanum was shown to
in the larvicidal activity against Aedes.
and caused 100% mortality at a concentration of
100 ppm. These results are very promising in creating new
effective and affordable approaches to the control of Aedes
[52]. Camphor and
are two main compounds found in Ocimum
(Lamiaceae). The essential oils of the leaves
and seeds are repellant, toxic or growth inhibitory to many
and insect repellant activities [54,
(L.) Rendle (Poaceae) (known
as “Ceylon citronella”) oil against Sitroga cerealella
-larvicidal activity
oil against six mosquito species
by Ranaweera. The study
Cymbopogon nardus oil
Culex quinquefasciatus
and it also caused 50% mortality of Anopheles
Linn. (Verbenaceae) is a hardy,
characteristic odour. It is
ll parts of this plant have been used
traditionally for several ailments throughout the world.
The leaves of this plant were used as an antitumeral,
antibacterial, and antihypertensive agent [57]. Roots for
the treatment of malaria, rheumatism, and skin rashes [58].
terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and
glycosides isolated from this plant are known to exert
. Extract from the leaves of L.
camara possessed larvicidal activity
from flowers of the plant showed repellent activity against
mosquitoes [60, 61]. Iridoid is the compound present in
Lantana camera which repels mosquitoes.
Fig.18. Iridoid
Fig.19. γ-asarone
Volatile oil of Caesulia axillaris
antifeedant activity against insects
Achoea janata, due to γ-asarone.
Thiophenes present in Eclipta alba
Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk is a widely distributed herb in
tropical countries. The herb is rich source of ascorbic acid.
It is a good source of thiopene derivatives which are
effective against nematodes. The extracts of root, shoot
and the whole plant showed namaticidal
nematode species like Meloidogyne graminicola, M.
incognita and Rolylenchulus Sp. due to the presence of
thiophenes, thienyls [62].
Fig.20. Thiophenes
The bioinsecticidal activity of organic extracts of
Tagetes erecta L. (Asteraceae)
larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda
(J. E. Smith) a major maize pest in the world. The acetone
leaf extract (500 ppm) of T. erecta
effect, causing a 50% reduction of larval weight in
comparison with the control. Larval weights were
drastically reduced at 7 d, but even more so at 14 d, when
T. erecta extracts also caused
Tagetone is the compound found in
Fig.21. Tagetone
International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research
, ISSN (Online) 2319-1473
possessed larvicidal activity [59] while extract
from flowers of the plant showed repellent activity against
is the compound present in
mosquitoes.
Fig.18. Iridoid
asarone
Caesulia axillaris (Asteraceae) shows
antifeedant activity against insects Spodoptera litura and
asarone.
Eclipta alba Hassk. (Asteraceae).
(L.) Hassk is a widely distributed herb in
tropical countries. The herb is rich source of ascorbic acid.
It is a good source of thiopene derivatives which are
The extracts of root, shoot
and the whole plant showed namaticidal activity against
like Meloidogyne graminicola, M.
Sp. due to the presence of
Fig.20. Thiophenes
The bioinsecticidal activity of organic extracts of
L. (Asteraceae) was evaluated on neonate
Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
a major maize pest in the world. The acetone
T. erecta induced an antifeedant
effect, causing a 50% reduction of larval weight in
control. Larval weights were
drastically reduced at 7 d, but even more so at 14 d, when
extracts also caused substantial mortality
is the compound found in Tagetes erecta
Fig.21. Tagetone
Copyright © 201
(Asteraceae) found larvicidal, growth regulator and
adulticidal like against Culex quinquefasciatus
Almost all species of Tagetes are insecticidal, repellant,
fungicidal and nematicidal [63]. Vetiveria zizanioides
comes under the family poacea and the
do however exist of repellent compounds
Fig.22. Vetivones
Fig.23. Vetiverols
vetiver oil extracted from roots of vetiver grass.
oil is a complex essential oil that consist of several
hundreds of compounds of which six are
possess insect repellent properties [64]
Vetiverols are the compounds of plant
zizanoides(Poaceae) which might be responsible for insect
killing.
Fig.24. Asparaguisic acid
One component of vetiver oil kills
Farmers use mulch of dried chopped roots and tops as
insecticides in Thialand [65]. Asparaguisic acid
Asparagus racemosus (Lilliaceae) occurs in roots found to
be nematicidal [66].
III. CONCLUSION
The biomolecules were found diversely in different
plant species. Survey shows that maximum
belongs to class terpenes such as, Phorbol, Ingenol,
Azaditachtin, Limolene, Iridoides, Plumericin, Iso
Plumericin, Camphor, Citral, Tagetone,
Vetiverol etc. having pest control potential. After terpenes
many alkaloids also reported as pesticide
Monocrotaline, Retusine, Spectabiline, Nicotine.
Asparaguisic acid, Linoleic Acid belongs to carboxylic
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found larvicidal, growth regulator and
Culex quinquefasciatus, etc.
are insecticidal, repellant,
Vetiveria zizanioides
and the scientific reports
do however exist of repellent compounds present in
extracted from roots of vetiver grass. Vetiver
oil is a complex essential oil that consist of several
hundreds of compounds of which six are reported to
[64]. Vetivones and
the compounds of plant Vetiveria
(Poaceae) which might be responsible for insect
Fig.24. Asparaguisic acid
One component of vetiver oil kills formoson termite.
Farmers use mulch of dried chopped roots and tops as
Asparaguisic acid of
occurs in roots found to
The biomolecules were found diversely in different
maximum biomelecules
such as, Phorbol, Ingenol,
Azaditachtin, Limolene, Iridoides, Plumericin, Iso
Tagetone, Sequamulosone,
having pest control potential. After terpenes
as pesticide like
Monocrotaline, Retusine, Spectabiline, Nicotine. Also
Linoleic Acid belongs to carboxylic
group shows pesticide properties. Likewise isoflavone
Rotenone, Resin- Oleoresin (with essential oil,
asarone, Benzene- Thiopenes, ketone
effect on pests.
This research survey also help to know that m
families show the dominancy of the number
for the same purpose. On the basis of the tentative number
of species belongs to the particular family, the dominancy
of the families can be identified. The prominent families
observed were, Euphorbiaceae, Crotonaceae, Rutaceae,
Casealpiniaceae, Meliaceae, Fabaceae, Apiaceae,
Apocyanaceae, Asclepidiaceae, Solanaceae, Acanthaceae,
Lamiaceae, Varbanaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae,
Zingiberaceae, Liliaceae, etc. The graph (Fig.25
the dominancy and less prominent families
number of species available in the particular family which
has pest control potential. Nagpur district
for this purpose.
REFERENCES
[1] Hayes,J. R., Stavanja, M. S and Lawrence,B. M. (2006).
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Major Isolates.CRC Press USA.
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Malaysian Jatropha curcas seed oil. Sains Ma
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pharmacology: The Dutch East India company VOC at the cape
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product and aqueous extract from physic nut,
seed kernel oil on cotton insect pests. Journal of Cotton Research
and development, 6:28–34
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cucurbitaceous plant leaf extracts against mosquito species.
Parasitology Research, 103:133
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(2007). Larvicidal activity of some Euphorb
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insecticidal plants for the control of vector mosquitoes viz. Culex
quinquefasciatus, Anopheles stephensi
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International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research
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operties. Likewise isoflavone-
Oleoresin (with essential oil, Ether- γ-
Thiopenes, ketone-Vetivone shows the
This research survey also help to know that many of the
families show the dominancy of the number of plants used
On the basis of the tentative number
of species belongs to the particular family, the dominancy
of the families can be identified. The prominent families
observed were, Euphorbiaceae, Crotonaceae, Rutaceae,
ceae, Meliaceae, Fabaceae, Apiaceae,
Apocyanaceae, Asclepidiaceae, Solanaceae, Acanthaceae,
Lamiaceae, Varbanaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae,
The graph (Fig.25) informs
the dominancy and less prominent families with maximum
of species available in the particular family which
Nagpur district flora was used
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Biological and Toxicological Properties of Mint Oils and Their
Major Isolates.CRC Press USA.
Salimon, J and Abdullah R (2008) Physicochemical properties of
seed oil. Sains Malaysiana, 37: 379-
Scott, G and Hewett, M.L. (2008). Pioneers in ethno
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L. oil on pests of selected field crops. The
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product and aqueous extract from physic nut, Jatropha curcas L.
seed kernel oil on cotton insect pests. Journal of Cotton Research
, AA., Venkatesan, P. (2008) Larvicidal efficacy of five
cucurbitaceous plant leaf extracts against mosquito species.
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Daniel M. Texonomy Evolution at Work. Narosa publishing
Vasconcellos MC, Schall VT. Latex of coroa de cristo
): an effective molluscicide. Mem Inst
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1766
International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research
Volume 3, Issue 6, ISSN (Online) 2319
Zani CL, Marston A, Hamburger M, Hostettmann K.
Euphorbia milii var. hislopii.
Yamamoto Y, Mizuguchi R, Yamada Y, Chemical constituents
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Gabrielith, 1967. A locust
repellent from two media species. Chem. Comm., 13:
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Elena Valdés-Estrada, Mirna Gutiérrez
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frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Bioone Research Evolved.
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Fig.25. Family Dominancy on the basis of maximum number of species available in the particular fam
AUTHOR'S PROFILE
Pradnya D. Anasane PG Department of Botany, RTM Nagpur University,
Nagpur-440033
Mobile No.- 8149814155
Email: [email protected]
Reena Meshram PG Department of Botany, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur
Mobile No.- 9028262325
Email: [email protected]
Dr. (Mrs.) Alka Chaturvedi Prof. and Head, PG Department of Botany, RTM
Nagpur-440033
Mobile No.- 9422809696
Email: [email protected]
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12
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…
Copyright © 2015 IJAIR, All right reserved
1767
International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research
Volume 3, Issue 6, ISSN (Online) 2319
Dua VK, Gupta NC, Pandey AC, Sharma VP. Repellency of
(Verbenaceae) flowers against Aedes
1996; 12: 406-8.
Dua VK, Pandey AC, Singh R, Sharma VP, Subbarao SK.
Isolation of repellent ingredients from Lantana camara
(Verbenaceae) flowers and their repellency against Aedes
: 509-11.
ava KK, Krishnaswamy NR, Seshadri TR. Isolation of
desmethylwedelolactone and its glucoside from Eclipta alba.
Sánchez, Lucila Aldana-Llanos, Ma.
Estrada, Mirna Gutiérrez-Ochoa, Guadalupe
Cisneros and Evelyn Rodríguez-Flores. 2012.
Extracts on Spodoptera
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Bioone Research Evolved.
[65] Jains, S. C., Nowicki, S., Eisner, T. and Meinwald, J. 1982
“Insect repellents from Vetiver oil”
4642.
[66] N. Aarthi* and K. Murugan. 2010
activity of Vetiveria zizanioides
the microbial pesticide spinosad against malarial vector,
Anopheles stephensi Liston (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae).
of Biopesticides 3(1 Special Issue): 199
[67] Panghal M., Kaushal V. and Yadav J. P. 2011. In vitro
antimicrobial activity of ten medicinal plants against clinical
isolates of oral cancer cases. Annals of Clinical Microbiology
and Antimicrobials. 10:21 : 1-11.
[68] Stuctures of compounds Available online at
https://www.google.co.in/search?q
Family Dominancy on the basis of maximum number of species available in the particular fam
control potential.
Pradnya D. Anasane PG Department of Botany, RTM Nagpur University,
PG Department of Botany, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur-440033
PG Department of Botany, RTM Nagpur University,
Cas
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Family Dominancy
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International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research
, ISSN (Online) 2319-1473
Jains, S. C., Nowicki, S., Eisner, T. and Meinwald, J. 1982
t repellents from Vetiver oil” Tet. Letters, 23(45): 4639-
N. Aarthi* and K. Murugan. 2010. Larvicidal and repellent
Vetiveria zizanioides L, Ocimum basilicum Linn and
the microbial pesticide spinosad against malarial vector,
Liston (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae). Journal
3(1 Special Issue): 199 - 204
Panghal M., Kaushal V. and Yadav J. P. 2011. In vitro
antimicrobial activity of ten medicinal plants against clinical
cases. Annals of Clinical Microbiology
11.
Stuctures of compounds Available online at
https://www.google.co.in/search?q
Family Dominancy on the basis of maximum number of species available in the particular family which has pest
No. of species
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