Distributed Intelligent Automated Demand Response (DIADR)
In Sutardja Dai Hall
Jason Trager
Introduction
• Demand response: Turning things off instead of turning power plants on– Need for Automation– Need for Distributed Intelligence
• Ancillary Service– Can provide substitute for spinning reserves– … and possibly Frequency regulation
Sutardja Dai Hall
• 141,000 Sq. foot mixed use office space• Half of building is Marvell Nano-lab• Staff, faculty, students• Houses the Center for Information Technology
In the Interest of Society (CITRIS)
Initial Findings
• Building is over-cooled and over-ventilated– Chillers are vastly oversized
• Lighting often left on much of the night; occupants did not use the dimming functions.
• Initial monitoring identified problems (e.g., stuck economizer damper)
• Audit found many areas for conservation (e.g., ancillary LED monitors, electric adjustable desks)
Smart phone app: scan QR code, place on appliance, enter parameters for appliance. Uses StreamFS to automatically enter database.
Number of devices Cumulative Power (W)0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
90 12089
214 11066.4
54
2564.65
22
2700
49
558
94
216.2
29
1600
51
76.24
14
12149
2
12000
7 5352104
5434.89999999992
OtherMicrowavesWater HeatersElec kettle/coffee makerPhonesLamps/Plug LightsElectronic DesksLaser PrintersImacNotebook ComputersLCD monitorsComputers
RAPID AUDIT PROTOCOL (RAP)
Computers12%
Electronic Desks13%
Lamps/Plug Lights4%
Laser Printers7%
LCD monitors29%
Notebook Computers7%
Phones7%
Imac3%
Resistive Loads2%
Microwaves1%
Other14%
Device Count
d sk
Type ComputersElectronic Desks
Lamps/Plug Lights
Laser Printers
LCD monitors
Notebook Computers Phones Imac
Resistive Loads
Microwaves Other
Category 90 94 29 49 214 54 51 22 16 7 104Power Use 12089 216.2 1600 558 11066.4 2564.65 76.24 2700 24149 5352 5434.9
BACnet
sMAP/REST API
MySQL PythonDjango
PythonControl Process
HTML/HTTP
sMAPGateway
Personalized Lighting Control ApplicationSlide: Andrew Krioukov
Credit: Linda Lee, Andrew Krioukov
Baseline
Abs chiller centrif chiller0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Peak load in Sutardja Dai Hall
OtherNanofab labTelecomPumpsEmergencyReceptaclesLighting/water heatersHVAC + Elevators
kilo
watt
s
90-150 kWBut from where?
Receptacles
12kW
44 kW
90kW
125kW
90 kW Peak
Lighting
12kW
44 kW
90kW
125kW
32Kw
HVAC / Elevators
12kW
44 kW
90kW
125kW
155-380 kW
Cool Medium Hot
HVAC • Set point adjustment (6F)
• Modify airflow rates (70%)
• Pre cool building (2F)
• (47.5) kW
• Set point adjustment (6F)
• Modify airflow rates (70%)
• Pre cool building (2F +)
• (74.0) kW
• Set point adjustment (6F)
• Modify airflow rates (70%)
• Pre cool building (2F +)
• (109.0) kW
Lighting/ water heaters
• All lights down to 33%(20 kW), Water heaters off (12 kW)
• Lights off, can only re-set to 33% power (25 kW) Water Heaters off (12 kW)
All lights off (30 kW)
Plug Loads
Disable monitors, microwaves, coffee makers, and limit laser printers. (10 kW)
Disable monitors, microwaves, coffee makers, and limit laser printers. (10 kW)
All plug loads contribute to bids, power is capped (10 kW)
Experiments
• HVAC – preparing for hot days– Design pre cooling algorithms
• 2 degrees• 4 degrees• 6 degrees
• Adjust outflow water temperature– This is tricky
• Affects nano-lab
Experiments
• 4th floor, 7th floor DR test. Testing – light testing occurs at night– 4:15 AM, set all lights FULL– 4:30 AM, set all lights MED– 4:45 AM set all lights LOW– 5:00 AM set all lights OFF
ExperimentsExperimentsExperimentsExperimentsExperimentsExperimentsExperimentsExperiments
Solid, Discrete, Time series data
DR Controller
DR Controller
N1 NkN3N2
Load –agnostic optimization
DR Controller
• Should be extensible to energy efficiency– “Continuous DR”
• Should pick strategies that humans would pick– Maybe better
• Should learn– Critical feature of intelligence
Future work
• Summer DR tests– Ongoing
• Supply following load– Instead of “Demand Response”
• At least one automated DR event this summer• Can we reduce more plug loads?
– Computer labs shut down during DR event?
Questions?
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