Privacy 2.0JacquesFolonPartnerEdgeConsulting
MaîtredeconférencesUniversitédeLiègeProfesseurICHECProfesseurinvitéUniversitédeLorraine(Metz)VisitingprofessorESCRennesSchoolofBusiness
JacquesFolonPartnerEdgeConsulting
MaîtredeconférencesUniversitédeLiègeProfesseurICHECProfesseurinvitéUniversitédeLorraine(Metz)VisitingprofessorESCRennesSchoolofBusiness
http://www.jerichotechnology.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/SocialMediaisChangingtheWorld.jpg
Average number of Facebook « friends » in France: 170
30
privacy ?????
5http://www.fieldhousemedia.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/fb-privacy.jpg
6http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NqwjuQRm3Co/UCauELKozrI/AAAAAAAACuQ/MoBpRZVrZj4/s1600/Party-Raccoon-Get-Friends-Drunk-Upload-Facebook.jpg
The person who took the photo is a real friend
7http://cdn.motinetwork.net/motifake.com/image/demotivational-poster/1202/reality-drunk-reality-fail-drunkchicks-partyfail-demotivational-posters-1330113345.jpg
privacy and graph search ?
9
10
11
12
From Big Brother to Big Other
http://fr.slideshare.net/bodyspacesociety/casilli-privacyehess-2012def
Antonio Casili
• Importance of T&C
• Everybody speaks
• mutual surveillance
• Lateral surveillance
geolocalisation
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Geolocalisation_GPS_SAT.png/267px-Geolocalisation_GPS_SAT.png
data collection
19
20
Interactions controlled by citizens in the Information Society
http://ipts.jrc.ec.europa.eu/home/report/english/articles/vol79/ICT1E796.htm
Interactions NOT controlled by citizens in the Information Society
http://ipts.jrc.ec.europa.eu/home/report/english/articles/vol79/ICT1E796.htm
GDPR
May25,2018GDPR!!!
32
A.CONTEXT B.SOME DEFINITIONS C.THE 12 PRINCIPLES D.GDPR CONSEQUENCES E.METHODOLOGY
A : CONTEXTE
33
IN 3 WORDS
34
• GDPR IS A "REGULATION" >< "DIRECTIVE"
• WORLDWIDE INFLUENCE • CONSEQUENCES FOR COMPANIES
AND PUBLIC SECTOR
35
MAY 2018
ENTRY INTO FORCE MAY 25,2018 DISCUSSED SINCE 2014 VOTED IN 2016
RISKS PENALTIES 4% ANNUAL TO 20 M € COMPENSATION IN COURT REPUTATION
IMPACT CONTRACT PROCESSES MARKETING ORGANISATION
B : SOME DEFINITIONS…
36
PERSONAL DATA
37
‘personal data’ means any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person (‘data
subject’); an identifiable natural person is one who can be identified, directly or indirectly, in particular by
reference to an identifier such as a name, an identification number, location data, an online
identifier or to one or more factors specific to the physical, physiological, genetic, mental, economic,
cultural or social identity of that natural person;
PROCESSING
38
‘processing’ means any operation or set of operations which is performed on personal data or
on sets of personal data, whether or not by automated means, such as collection, recording, organisation, structuring, storage, adaptation or
alteration, retrieval, consultation, use, disclosure by transmission, dissemination or otherwise making available, alignment or combination, restriction,
erasure or destruction;
CONTROLLER
39
controller’ means the natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body which, alone or jointly with others, determines the purposes and
means of the processing of personal data; where the purposes and means of such processing are
determined by Union or Member State law, the controller or the specific criteria for its nomination
may be provided for by Union or Member State law;
processor or sub-contractor
40
processor means a natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body which processes personal data on
behalf of the controller
Sub-contractor
129
The Member States shall provide that the controller must, where processing is carried out on his behalf, choose a processor providing sufficient guarantees in respect of the technical security measures and organizational measures governing the processing to be carried out, and must ensure compliance with those measures
42
The carrying out of processing by way of a processor must be governed by a contract or legal act binding the processor to the controller and stipulating in particular that: - the processor shall act only on instructions from the controller, - the obligations as defined by the law of the Member State in which the processor is established, shall also be incumbent on the processor
data breach
43
personal data breach’ means a breach of security leading to the accidental or
unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, unauthorised disclosure of, or access to,
personal data transmitted, stored or otherwise processed
C : 12 MAIN PRINCIPLES OF GDPR
44
1. Accountability2. Consumer/citizenrights3. Privacybydesign4. Informationsecurity5. Databreach6. Penalties7. identityaccessmanagement8. lawfulnessforprocessing9. Register10.RiskanalysisandPIA11.Training12.Dataprivacyofficer
1/ ACCOUNTABILITY
45
2/ Consumer/citizen's right
46
TRANSPARENCY SENSITIVE INFORMATIONS INFORMATION COLLECTED RIGHT OF ACCESS RIGHT TO RECTIFICATION RIGHT TO ERASE RIGHT OF PROCESSING LIMITATION PORTABILITY RIGHT OF OPPOSITION TO PROFILING
3/ PRIVACY BY DESIGN
47
4/INFORMATION SECURITY
48
5/ DATA BREACH
49
6/ PENALTIES
50
7/ IDENTITY ACCESS MANAGEMENT
51
8/ LAWFULNESS OF PROCESSING
52
CONSENT MUST BE EXPLICIT
53
'the data subject's consent' shall mean any freely given specific and informed indication of his
wishes by which the data subject signifies his agreement to
personal data relating to him being processed
54
OPT IN
56
Member States shall provide that personal data must be: (a) processed fairly and lawfully; (b) collected for specified, explicit and legitimate purposes and not further processed in a way incompatible with those purposes. Further processing of data for historical, statistical or scientific purposes shall not be considered as incompatible provided that Member States provide appropriate safeguards; (c) adequate, relevant and not excessive in relation to the purposes for which they are collected and/or further processed; (d) accurate and, where necessary, kept up to date; every reasonable step must be taken to ensure that data which are inaccurate or incomplete, having regard to the purposes for which they were collected or for which they are further processed, are erased or rectified; (e) kept in a form which permits identification of data subjects for no longer than is necessary for the purposes for which the data were collected or for which they are further processed. Member States shall lay down appropriate safeguards for personal data stored for longer periods for historical, statistical or scientific use.
57
Member States shall provide that personal data may be processed only if: (a) the data subject has unambiguously given his consent; or (b) processing is necessary for the performance of a contract to which the data subject is party or in order to take steps at the request of the data subject prior to entering into a contract; or (c) processing is necessary for compliance with a legal obligation to which the controller is subject; or (d) processing is necessary in order to protect the vital interests of the data subject; or (e) processing is necessary for the performance of a task carried out in the public interest or in the exercise of official authority vested in the controller or in a third party to whom the data are disclosed
58
Member States shall prohibit the processing of personal data revealing racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious or philosophical beliefs, trade-union membership, and the processing of data concerning health or sex life
125
Member States shall provide that the controller or his representative must provide a data subject from whom data relating to himself are collected with at least the following information, except where he already has it: (a) the identity of the controller and of his representative, if any; (b) the purposes of the processing for which the data are intended; (c) any further information such as - the recipients or categories of recipients of the data, - whether replies to the questions are obligatory or voluntary, as well as the possible consequences of failure to reply, - the existence of the right of access to and the right to rectify the data concerning him in so far as such further information is necessary, having regard to the specific circumstances in which the data are collected, to guarantee fair processing in respect of the data subject
9/ RECORD OF PROCESSING ACTIVITIES
60
RECORD
10/ RISK ANALYSIS AND PIA
61
11/ TRAINING
62
12/ DATA PRIVACY OFFICER
63
D : CONSEQUENCES
64
E : METHODOLOGY
65
METHODOLOGY
66
1. PRELIMINARY AUDIT
2. RISK ANALYSIS
3. LIST OF SERVICES
4. RECORD OF PROCESSING ACTIVITIES
5. ACTION PLAN
6. SERACH FOR COMPLIANCE
7. SOLUTION FOR NON COMPLIANCE
8. CONTINUOUS PROCESSES
9. TRAINING
Préparation
Implémentation
Pérennisation
Coockies
international transfer
Sub contractor
INTERNAL TRAININGS
SECURITY
SOURCE DE L’IMAGE: http://www.techzim.co.zw/2010/05/why-organisations-should-worry-about-security-2/
Source : https://www.britestream.com/difference.html.
Everything must be transparent
Article 16 Confidentiality of processing Any person acting under the authority of the controller or of the processor, including the processor himself, who has access to personal data must not process them except on instructions from the controller, unless he is required to do so by law
Member States shall provide that the controller must implement appropriate technical and organizational measures to protect personal data against accidental or unlawful destruction or accidental loss, alteration, unauthorized disclosure or access, in particular where the processing involves the transmission of data over a network, and against all other unlawful forms of processing. Having regard to the state of the art and the cost of their implementation, such measures shall ensure a level of security appropriate to the risks represented by the processing and the nature of the data to be protected.
86
SECURITY IS A LEGAL OBLIGATION
What your boss thinks...
Employees share (too) many information and also with third parties
Where do one steal data?
•Banks•Hospitals•Ministries•Police•Newspapers•Telecoms•...
Which devices are stolen?
•USB •Laptops•Hard disks•Papers•Binders•Cars
63
RESTITUTIONS
84
154Source de l’image : http://ediscoverytimes.com/?p=46
48
4
By giving people the power to share, we're making the world more transparent.
The question isn't, 'What do we want to know about people?', It's, 'What do
people want to tell about themselves?'Data privacy is outdated !
Mark Zuckerberg
If you have something that you don’t want anyone to know, maybe you shouldn’t be
doing it in the first place.
Eric Schmidt
PRIVACY VS SOCIAL NETWORKS
https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQgeY4ij8U4o1eCuVJ8Hh3NlI3RAgL9LjongyCJFshI5nLRZQZ5Bg
10
11
Privacy statement confusion
• 53% of consumers consider that a privacy statement means that data will never be sell or give
• 43% only have read a privacy statement
• 45% only use different email addresses
• 33% changed passwords regularly
• 71% decide not to register or purchase due to a request of unneeded information
• 41% provide fake info
112Source: TRUSTe survey
http://www.psl.cs.columbia.edu/classes/cs6125-s11/presentations/2011/Presentation_Joyce_Chen.ppthy don’t we read privacy policies
http://www.psl.cs.columbia.edu/classes/cs6125-s11/presentations/2011/Presentation_Joyce_Chen.ppthy don’t we read privacy policies
100SOURCE: http://mattmckeon.com/facebook-privacy/
101
102
103
104
105
106
107http://e1evation.com/2010/05/06/growth-of-facebook-privacy-events/
108
http://blogs.iq.harvard.edu/netgov/2010/05/facebook_privacy_policy.html
DATA PRIVACY & THE EMPLOYER
45http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02183/computer-cctv_2183286b.jpg
SO CALLED HIDDEN COSTS
46http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2011/09/estimating-the-damage-to-the-us-economy-caused-by-angry-birds/244972/
E-recruitment
74http://altaide.typepad.com/.a/6a00d83451e4be69e2015393d67f60970b-500wi
IAM
RISKS
SOURCE DE L’IMAGE : http://www.tunisie-news.com/artpublic/auteurs/auteur_4_jaouanebrahim.html
Source: The Risks of Social Networking IT Security Roundtable Harvard TownsendChief Information Security Officer Kansas State University
The new head of MI6 has been left exposed by a major personal security breach after his wife published intimate photographs and family details on the Facebook website.
Sir John Sawers is due to take over as chief of the Secret Intelligence Service in November, putting him in charge of all Britain's spying operations abroad.
But his wife's entries on the social networking site have exposed potentially compromising details about where they live and work, who their friends are and where they spend their holidays.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk
Social Media Spam
Compromised Facebook account. Victim is now promoting a shady pharmaceutical
Source: Social Media: Manage the Security to Manage Your Experience; Ross C. Hughes, U.S. Department of Education
Social Media Phishing
To: T V V I T T E R.com
Now they will have your username and password
Source: Social Media: Manage the Security to Manage Your Experience; Ross C. Hughes, U.S. Department of Education
Social Media Malware
Clicking on the links takes you to sites that will infect your computer with malware
Source: Social Media: Manage the Security to Manage Your Experience; Ross C. Hughes, U.S. Department of Education
Phishing
Sources/ Luc Pooters, Triforensic, 2011
DATA THEFT
Social engineering
Sources/ Luc Pooters, Triforensic, 2011
Take my stuff, please!
Source: The Risks of Social Networking IT Security Roundtable Harvard TownsendChief Information Security Officer Kansas State University
3rd Party Applications
•Games,quizzes,cutesiestuff•UntestedbyFacebook–anyonecanwriteone•NoTermsandCondiVons–youeitheralloworyoudon’t•InstallaVongivesthedevelopersrightstolookatyourprofileandoverridesyourprivacyseYngs!
Source: The Risks of Social Networking IT Security Roundtable Harvard TownsendChief Information Security Officer Kansas State University
Right to be forgotten
• On 13.05.2014 the European Union Court of Justice backed a ruling called “the right to be forgotten,” which allows individuals to control their data and ask search engines, such as Google, to remove inadequate personal results from the Internet.
• However, the decision cannot be interpreted as a “victory” for the protection of the personal data of Europeans, according to privacy experts.
• In 2010 a Spanish citizen lodged a complaint against a Spanish newspaper with the national Data Protection Agency and against Google Spain and Google Inc.
• The citizen complained that an auction notice of his repossessed home on Google’s search results infringed his privacy rights because the proceedings concerning him had been fully resolved for a number of years and hence the reference to these was entirely irrelevant.
• He requested, first, that the newspaper be required either to remove or alter the pages in question so that the personal data relating to him no longer appeared;
• and second, that Google Spain or Google Inc. be required to remove the personal data
• In its ruling of 13 May 2014 the EU Court said :
• a)On the territoriality of EU rules: Even if the physical server of a company processing data islocated outside Europe, EU rules apply to search engine operators if they have a branch or a sub sidiary in a Member State which promotes the selling of advertising space offered by the search engine;
• b)On the applicability of EU data protection rules to a search engine : Search engines are controllers of personal data. Google can therefore not escape its responsibilities before European lawwhen handling personal data by saying it is a search engine. EU data protection law applies and so does the right to be forgotten.
• c) On the “Right to be Forgotten” : Individuals have the right - under certain conditions - to ask search engines to remove links with personal information about them. This applies where the information is inaccurate, inadequate, irrelevant or excessive for the purposes of the data
• At the same time, the Court explicitly clarified that the right to be forgotten is not absolute but will always need to be balanced against other fundamental rights, such as the freedom of expression and of the media
• Right to erasure (future rules?)
• 1. The data subject shall have the right to obtain from the controller the erasure of personal data relating to them and the abstention from further dissemination of such data, and to obtain from third parties the erasure of any links to, or copy or replication of that data, where one of the following grounds applies:
• (a) the data are no longer necessary in relation to the purposes for which they were collected or otherwise processed
• (b) the data subject withdraws consent on which the processing is based according
• (c) when the storage period consented to has expired and where there is no other legal ground for the processing of the data
New EU Regulation• right to be forgotten
• no more notification to data privacy authorities
• data privacy officer
• up to 2% turnover penalty
• information of data theft
Control by the employer
161SOURCE DE L’IMAGE: http://blog.loadingdata.nl/2011/05/chinese-privacy-protection-to-top-american/
what your boss thinks
BUT…
May the employer control everything?
Who controls what?
Could my employer open my emails?
169
137
CODE OF CONDUCTS
TELEWORKING
Employer’s control
177http://fr.slideshare.net/olivier/identitenumeriquereseauxsociaux
Big data
182
SOLOMO
184http://www.youngplanneur.fr/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/companies-innovating.jpg
Biometry
186
facial recognition
187
RFID & internet of things
188http://www.ibmbigdatahub.com/sites/default/files/public_images/IoT.jpg
SECURITY ???
87
“It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that is the most adaptable to change.”
C. Darwin
ANY QUESTIONS ?
Top Related