DigestiveDigestive
الهضمي الهضمي الجهاز الجهاز
Systems
A RUMINANT IS :A RUMINANT IS :• An animal with four
distinct compartments in its stomach, which swallows its food essentially unchewed, regurgitates it, chews it thoroughly and reswallows it.
Examples Include :Examples Include :
• Cattle• Sheep• Goats• Deer• Elk
44STOMACH COMPARTMENTSSTOMACH COMPARTMENTSReticulum- honeycomb (5% of capacity)Rumen- paunch (80% of capacity) Omasum-manyplies (7% of capacity)Abomasum- true stomach (8% of capacity)
ReticulumReticulum• AKA: “The hardware stomach”
• The reticulum furnishes additional storage space and holds foreign materials such as nails and wire which may cause serious damage to the other body organs if they pass through the system. Often a magnet is fed to ruminants to catch and hold this foreign material in the reticulum.
RumenRumen• The largest compartment with a capacity of
40 to 60 gallons in mature cattle.• Serves as a storage area for feed.• Millions of bacteria and protozoa break
down the feed in the rumen.
Bacteria:Bacteria:• Enable ruminants to digest large quantities
of roughage• Multiply by feeding on material in the
rumen• Are digested later in the stomach and
intestines
• The rumen does not develop in the young until they are weaned and begin to
eat solid feed
Omasum:Omasum:• A muscular section that squeezes
out the water from the feed before it enters the abomasum
Abomasum:Abomasum:• Digestive juices cause chemical changes to
break down the proteins, carbohydrates, and fats into simpler substances.
• These simpler substances can now pass into the small intestine for further digestion and absorption into the blood stream.
Regurgitation:Regurgitation:• Ruminants chew their food just enough to
make swallowing possible• After they are done eating, the food is
brought back up from the rumen and rechewed
A NONRUMINANT IS:A NONRUMINANT IS:
• An animal having a single compartment in its stomach, which swallows its food after chewing and does not regurgitate.
• Also known as a monogastric
Examples Include :Examples Include :
• Pigs• Humans• Bears • Dogs
Monogastrics:Monogastrics:• Swallow food directly into the
single compartment stomach, where it is mixed with digestive juice
• Are unable to digest large quantities of fiber unless they have an enlarged cecum (horses, rabbits and guinea pigs)
CecumCecum• A blind pouch at the first
portion of the large intestine• While the rumen is the main
place for bacterial breakdown in ruminants, it happens in the large intestine and cecum of the horse and rabbit
The EndThe End
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