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D (I-) RThe EU as a Model of Regional Integraon
Tj A. Bz d Th R
No. 7 | September 2009
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Diffusing (Inter-) Regionalism | 3
Diffusing (Inter-) Regionalism
The EU as a Model of Regional Integration
Tj A. Bz T R
F Uv B
Abstract
Th E U (EU) cv d , whch d
y cvy h dv (-) cc d c c,
h d -d , d h c j c d dc-
hhd d yd w w h wd d h EU.
I h , w x h x whch EU h h yd
d. M ccy, w yz wh xcy h EU x d hw h d x
d cy h c w (-), h
hd, d c hd c, h h. W cd h . Th
h h ch d hh whch h EU d h d
h d hd c. I h cd
, w c h EU x c h ch h
dw . W ccd wh cd wh x h
c EU d vc.
T A
Tanja A. Brzel P Pc Scc d hd h ch E
I h O Sh I Pc Scc, F Uv B.
H ch cc q Gvc, ch
Ez w h d d d c wh d
d h E U. Sc Oc 2008, h cd h Rch
C Th Tv Pw E h wh Th R.
T R P I R d dc h C
T R, F d Scy Pcy h O Sh I
Pc Scc, F Uv B. H j ch h d
Tc R, Gvc A Ld Shd d E
Pc Sh. Sc Oc 2008, h cd h Rch C Th
Tv Pw E h wh Tj A. Bz.
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Contents
1. Idc 5
2. D R I: A M 6
3. P R I h N d F Ad 9
3.1 Supporng Regional Integraon Far Away:
The EUs Interregional Cooperaon with South America and Asia 10
3.2 Encouraging Regional Integraon in its Near Abroad:
The EUs Enlargement and Neighbourhood Policy 16
4. Nw R - Th EU Ad G Gvc? 22
L 24
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Diffusing (Inter-) Regionalism | 5
1. Ic1
Our European model of integraon is the most developed in the world.Imperfect though it sll is, it nevertheless works on a connental scale.
Given the necessary instuonal reforms, it should connue to work well aer
enlargement, and I believe we can make a convincing case that it would also
work globally(R Pd, 31 Mch 2000)2
Th E U (EU) cv d cv d vc
d y h c d . Mv, h EU cvy h dv
(-) cc d c c, h d -d , d
h c j c d dc- hhd d yd
w w h wd d h EU. I dc
E d (Bcch 2006; G 2004), h EU cc w , x
S-Sh Ac, whch h w chcc (.. cc ddc) d hv
hdy dvd ccv dy. Th, h EU vd ch y dy x c
. Th EU d d y
v dd h x wh hd c d h . I d
yd d c c c hy cdd h wy
() cy, y d y h EU d d yd ( M 2006).
Th x ch d, whch d h vy d h E U, h vd
cc dc cy dy (M 2002; Dz 2005; M/Wh 2003).
I h , w x h x whch h EU h h yd
d. M ccy, w yz wh xcy h EU x d hw h d
x d cy h c w (-), h
hd, d c hd c, h h. W cd h . Th
h h ch d hh whch h EU d h d
h d hd c. I h cd
, w c h EU x c h ch h
dw . W ccd wh cd wh x h c EU d vc.
1 W dd V v H h wy c c d . Mv, w
h Eh Ad, C Bch, Mh G, Ev G. Hdd, P Lc, Y P-
, Ad Sh, d L Thh h h c h c h .
2 Sch h 2d COMECE C, B, SPEECH/00/115.
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2. D R I: A M
Th d d h c c ch h c cc, cy, w, hy,
d cc ( vvw S/D/G 2006; Hz/J/K 2007; S/
S 1998). I cy dy hw h EU
x . D c ccvd c hh whch d d c
d c (c. S/My 1993). Th xcy wh h EU d d h d
h v d c d hw chv c, wh d c
jc. T hv h d hd c cc d d d, h EU h dvd
h hcd x h dcy h d ch dd h .
Th v d ch c d d h j c c c h
dc c d h wh c c d (c. Mch/
O 1998; H 1981; R 2000): 1) y chc; 2) v
y c ; 3) ccv y c . Th h
hz v d xc wh d hw c d d dcd
d h, cvy.3 Bd h h c c c, w dy v d
ch (zd 1). F h h , w c h /d
d, c w d h wy whch h EU c d.
Figure 1: Mechanisms of Diusion
Social Mechanism and Underlying Theory ofSocial Acon
Promoter of Ideas (Sender)
Coercion
(legal and physical imposion)
ccv hy (Herrscha), hyc c
Manipulaon of Ulity Calculaons
(instrumental raonality)(v d v) cv
Socializaon
(normave raonality)
d hh vd hv
d (v )
Persuasion
(communicave raonality)
d hh -
v
Emulaon (indirect inuence)
lesson-drawing (instrumental raonality)a)
mimicry (normave raonality)b)
( c d c cy
h ch d q h
cv d)
3 N h h w ch d y. Id d ch cx c h v
ch hd d w y v c .
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Diffusing (Inter-) Regionalism | 7
Th ch, whch vd h vy d d,
cc coercion. Ac y y hv chc cc d c hy cd y
h h h c hyc vc (Hd 1999). Scy , cc y v
wh d h d d (Ez) h
cy wh EU w. M h E U jc d dd y h c w
h E C Jc (Sh 1992) E dcv hz
(Sch 2003; Bz hc). I x , h EU h d ccv w. Whh
h d dy cv w c y c h ccy y v
q, whch , hwv, yd h c h .
Th cd ch cc d d hh h manipulaon of ulity calculaons y
vd v d v cv. Ac c d z dvd
, ch cc w , vd c, x y z c
h c h c v x, ch cv w. I v,
h d c dc h c d h d y h y
c. Thy vd wd, x c d chc c, c c
hh c w dc c wh h h d h d (Kh 1984;
L 1997; W/Schd 1997). Th y c d c dv By
(S . 2006: 796) c cv w h d h
c hw ch c cy (M 2006).
Cc h EU x c d h v d h
jc hd c, cvy (x d), h EU h d h xz
E d w , ch cy, y, y d
v c. I dc h c cc d d d, h EU d h
hv hvy d x cv (cdy), h hd, d chc
d c c (ccy-d), h h (Sch/Sd 2005; Ky 2004;
Vchdv 2005; Bz . 2008). Condionality h c- cc
c hh c v d v cv. Capacity-building, y c, vd
c wh dd c (c) chc wh.
Th hd d h h ch dw c c c hzd y c ccv h
wh hc w d. Socializaon w hh v y h c
(Mch/O 1989, 1998) whch d c d hv
h c d h h h h h xz z h v . Ac
z w d d c () cy d
d (F/S 1998). Sch c cz cx y
whch c d h d d (Chc 2005; Jh 2007). Thy c w
hh hz. By h , c y ch h c cc d d,
y d w h w.
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Persuasion d ccv y h c . I whch
c y d ch h h vdy c h y c v .
A vv -v d ch h c w h cy . Wh
h hz h z, whch ch c
d (F 1996; Chc 2001), h c h () -v
z d (Kc/S 1998; H 1992).
Wh d h x d d v cz d , h EU vd
ch y. Th EU d d y v
dd h x wh hd c. Th d c c c
hy cdd h wy () cy, y d y h EU
d d yd ( M 2006). Th x d whch d h vy d
h E U, h vd cc dc cy dy (M 2002; Dz 2005;
M/Wh 2003). I x , h EU d h d c d h d hh c d zd
c d d c (c. Y 2001).
Emulaon, y, d q cv d, dc c. I y
d h c c (cv h, c. H/F 1977). Ac
c wh ch h v c c c, x c y
cc wh, whch hy y dj h hv ccdy (E/Gz/
S 2006; V 1995; Bch/J/Tw 2005). C d y h d
d v dd c cc hv d c ,
c y cc, hw ch h dd (Bz 2007). Ac,
, w d d v h c () c h. Id y
c c (My 2000: 175) d cd cy, cy d dc
wh h q, h h d x . Ac h c d h
cvy vd wh d h dc cx (My/
Rw 1977; Dwz/Mh 2000; Gz 2001). Nx -dw, whch d
y (c. R 1993), c y h v , c h
z (yc ; c. P/G 2005) y h hv c
d (cy; c. My/Rw 1977; Hv 1993).
E h dd wh d h EU x d d. Th EU h h
c c c c wh h EU. Wh h EU x
hv y cd d d (Bz . 2008; Bz/R
hc), cc d hhd c wh h EU
d h c wh d d E d (B/K/Pch 2007). Nx
h c, h EU h d h O Mhd Cd dvd y v
EU cy- (dc, y, hh) c
c wh ch d z vw (T 2003). A
h , z c h hv cy cd h EU ( w).
Th Ad Cy, h Ac U d cy h Ac Sh A N
(ASEAN) hv dd h h EU c h .
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Wh h EU c c -dw d cy, d cy dd-
dv y c wh h cv d cy.
I , h EU h dvd x d h d h wh
h d, ch dccy, h h d d vc hd c d h .
A w w h x c, h EU c d, d x cdy
ch h c v d c, cvy, c v
-d. Ccy-d hh chc d c c, , h h
d d h cy cy ch. Cdy d c d cd
h h d ch dd v ( y cc, cz,
). Thy c d c . Thcy, h EU cd y
cc h d . Ccy-d, y, d,
hc, c c v d ch.
Figure 2: The EU tool box for the external diusion of ideas
D Mc I
cc y v
y cc cdy
c d c d
c d, cdy
c
3. P R I N F Ab
Th EU cdd h d dd . I d, d d h cc v (Ch/C 2002: 481). I cc c, h EU h vd
j c v -d wh v
h d cc d y h US (G 2004; H 2005, 2007).4 Th cc
E cc d h c d Ac, A, d h Ac
y h 1960 d 1970.
Wh h c h w h 1980, h EU h c -d
h h wd. Th Ad Cy (Sd 2007), d h Ac U hv d
4 Iy h, h EU h h US c h c-
c E h Scd Wd W d W c h Sv U.
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h EU . Th C M h Sh (Mc) (d C 1999;
Vcc 2007) h d h y ch (D 2006),
wh cy vd h, cy h hd h Cy Mhd (Ph 2004: 96-
99). Th c ASEAN, whch h h vd h EU d c
, (Achy 1997; H 2007), cy cd
v dw h h Cy-Bd ( w).
Th EU d d h d w d. Th hd chd wh h d h
Cd W, wh h EU qy xdd cy. Tdy, x
wh vy cy d h wd. Th EU h y w h h,
dccy, d h w wh x (c. Bz . 2008; Bz/
R hc). Th h c h vc c
h EU x, cy d hhd. Ad I- wy
c-cc dv, dccy d d vc hh d d c (h) h dvd h d cy (c. Sh 2008:
109; G 2004).
Th x c w x d hw h EU h h d h d
hh x . W wh y h EU --
v d h c c.
3.1 Supporng Regional Integraon Far Away: The EUs Interregional Cooperaonwith South America and Asia
Th EU h d x c d cdc 19 c d wh
(Sh 2008: 101-104). Gv h c h , w w c h
x: h C M h Sh (Mc), h Ad Cy (CAN), d Ac
Sh E A S (ASEAN).
Th EU h dvd -- h wh Sh d C Ac. Sh
d C Ac c, h c , d z
hv y d d v z. Th EU qy hd cc
h wh Mc,5 h Ad Cy,6 h S J G,7 d , h R G.8
Iy, h cd cc, chc, d cc c dd y v
, ch AL Iv, A. EU d h y dd hh h ALA . I h
1980, hwv, dccy d h h d wh h Dc
5 A, Bz, Py, Uy; Bv, Ch, C, Ecd d P cy hv c -
. Vz d h 17 J 2006, c
y h d y h Py d h Bz .
6 Bv, Ecd, C, P, Vz.
7 C Rc, E Svd, G, Hd, Nc, P.
8 A, Bv, B, Ch, Ecd, C, Mxc, P, P, Uy, Vz.
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c d wh h Ad Cy 1983 d h S J G 1984,
vv h R G. Ecc d c c h wy xcy d
. Hwv, c d c d hv cy d d
d d wd h v jc -d. Th C A, whch
h EU d h 1990, vd dc -d.
El Mercado Comn del Sur (Mercosur)
I 1995, h EU d Mc d I Fw C A y h
c. Th A EU c d chc w-hw h c
c w cy w.9 Th 2007-2013 R
Idcv P vd 50 jc d h h
(.. h Mc Sc, Mc P), h h Ac A
wh h EU c h Mc w hv cd S M (.. chc ddz,
c hz), d h c cv cy h Mc c (..
EU-Mc Sd C; dv d chc c). 10
Pc d (C Cc) d c (J C) h
h h h A y xch cc d
(T VIII). 11 Ov, EU c d c d h h Mc h cc
I Ac A (A. 4), whch w vd c vy
h S M. Th c h c h Mc C M j
cd h cc z d d v w h w . Sc h
I Fw C A hd d c 1999, Mc h d
EU , cd h C d R P, h Mc Fd
Sc Cvc, d h Mc P. Nx -d, EU c h
d -Mc d y vd w , wh d x.
La Comunidad Andina (Andean Community/CAN)
Th EU h h wh h Ad Cy (CAN), dd y 1969 ( h
cd Ad Pc).12 Th c w w h E Ecc
Cy d h Ad Pc cc c, ccdd 1983. B y d
d dv, c h h, dccy, d h w dy d
h Ty. I w cd y y Fw C A, whch
cd h h d dccy, d dv, c dv d
9 h://-x../LxUSv/LxUSv.d?=CELEX:21996A0319(02):EN:HTML; cc 13 Mch
2009.
10 h://c../x_/c//07_13_.d (28-39); cc 13 Mch 2009.
11 C. J Dc c d w h E U d Mc, h://-x../
LxUSv/LxUSv.d?=CELEX:21996A0319(02):EN:HTML; cc 13 Mch 2009.
12 Bv, Ecd, C, P, d 2006, Vz.
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. Th x w cd y h Pc D d C
A, whch h EU d h CAN d 2003.13 I c y c c d d
cd d . Rh, h w A h z d h h c
d d w w h R Dc (1996) d d
c cd w ch h h, cc v, , w h h
d d . Sc h cd c h c
h Ad Cy, cy wh d h dv d
C M (A. 6 III; A. 11). Th Pc D d C A vy
h I Fw A w h EU d Mc, h wh d h jcv
d h chv h. Lw, h EU h d Ac A
2007, whch h h w v c h y y c d d
c - d d v hh d . Nx c d, h EU
chc d c c. L c Mc,
h R Idcv P h CAN 50 h d 2007-2013 d
h c Dv C (DCI).14 Th vd jc y
. I c wh h EU h y d cc h CAN;
h cy cd -d, . Rv 1997, h Ad Pc
d Ad Cy d y d j h EU, cd
dcy cd Ad P, Ad Cc M, Ad C Jc, whch
hd h cy d dc c Ad Lw, d Ad P. Fy, h CAN h
y h y wh h EU, h d wh
Mc h d 2005.
Ov, h EU hv dvd c -z-- ch
-- Sh Ac. U h US, h EU d xcvy
, hh c d cc c wh h EU
d . N y d h EU x v y ch
h zd h h d vd y h US (c. D 2006). Td
d y c, c d chc c d d h EU d vc
c, cd h c h h, dccy, d h w. Wh h
y x h EU ccd wh hd c d , d hc
d c, h EU h vd h v v cdy.
15Id, h d c d d c -d Sh d C
Ac. Pc d d h EU wh h - , cd
h S J Pc wh h C Ac c d h C Cy (CARICOM),
w h R G (c 1990), whch h Sh Ac, C Ac d
C c zd h h Sh Ac - z.
13 h://-x../LxUSv/LxUSv.d?=CELEX:52003PC0695(02):EN:HTML; cc 13
Mch 2009. Rc d.
14 h://c../x_/d//07_13_.d; cc 13 Mch 2009.
15 S y h chc d c c -d vcdy. Hwv, h EU h cd hc -
d wd ch . Rh, h EU ccy-d c d
d c.
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Diffusing (Inter-) Regionalism | 13
The Associaon of South East Asian Naons (ASEAN)
A qc c h h EU wh A c h -z--
ch h EU x , hh h c y d, h
y d c. Th c h EU A h Ac
Sh E A N dd 1967.16 ASEAN w h c h
E Cy. Th c cc w d h 1970 d zd hh h
EC-ASEAN C A 1980.
U h EU, h wh c vy h vd -d Sh E
A. N dd h v d y v . Rh, hy h
x v, c c, dc h c x w d y
h c h (Id) d c
dc, cvy (My d S). U L Ac c, ASEAN
hv cd , , whch wd c h vy. Th ASEAN
wy d -c, y, c d c. I vd d
d y w (Achy 2004; S 2005). A h d wh dxcy,
ASEAN h cy cd h h EU c c.
E h vdd c h y dy ASEAN (c.
Jch hc). Wh c d cv d d, h ASEAN Ch dd
2007 dw-d h EU c c. I h d
ASEAN Cy 2020. 17 A h Ch hd d c Dc 2008, h 14h ASEAN
S d Mch 2009 Rd h ASEAN Cy (2009-2015), cc. 18
A j , h ASEAN Ecc Cy S M d h
w d, vc, v, c, d d 19 h cd 2015. F
h z ASEAN h w , h ASEAN Pc-Scy d h ASEAN Sc-C
Cy, h dd B P. ASEAN c j
h d y h E U. Idd, ASEAN h d -d-
h d Cy wh y (Ch II). C d w ASEAN S
d Chh (A. 7) h hh dc- dy y h E Cc
d Pdcy. Th h ASEAN Cy Cc (A. 9) hv d h vw h
30 c d. Ad h Scy-G ASEAN h Ch Adv Oc,
h/h D d h ASEAN Sc (A. 11) y c E C.Fy, C P Rv h h w h ASEAN Cc (A.
12). Th Ch hvy EU cc d y d wh cd hv
v h C Ty (cd , h, , d ASEAN dy). Hwv,
ASEAN v z c y . F, dc
16 Id, My, h Ph, S, Thd, B (1984), V (1995), L (1997), My
(1997), d Cd (1999).
17 h://www.c./ASEAN-Ch.d; cc 14 Mch 2009.
18 h://www.c./22332.h; cc 14 Mch 2009.
19 h://www.14h./d/Oc_Dc/IAI%20Sc%20Fw%20-%20
W%20P%202%20_2009-2015%5B1%5D.d; cc 14 Mch 2009.
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y c d c (A. 20). Scd, ASEAN d hv dd
d dy. Dv h Ch d c h d
y h Scy-G, wh ch cc (A. 23, 27). M
y c h ASEAN S. Thd, wh h Ch h h
c,20 ASEAN d vd y y c
.21 I h, hwv, dd dhc h w, d vc, h c
dccy d c v (A. 2).
ASEAN h y cd cv c h ASEAN wy, h vc
c h EU x, d d (v)
, whch h vy d h A c c (Rd 2000). Y,
wh x h w c h wh h EU. S ,
hv y dcd cc h hd y h ASEAN wy (Jch
hc). Ad hh h ASEAN-EU h wdy cdd h d (H/Rd 2006; qd Cx 2008: 4), h chv d
zd h c Sh d C Ac.
F, ASEAN cy dcc cd C d (-) h
, wh c h h, dccy, d h w h h
q. Fw h cc L, My, V d Cd h cd h
h 1990, h EU y dd dw wh ASEAN, d d vd hh
v cc (Cx 2008: 19-23). Wh h cd v cdy,
h EU h v y hd c c. Th c w h EU d
ASEAN,22 d 1980, dd c y v dccy d h h. Wh w
A Sy dd 1994, h EU h h y h c d wh A c
h h d dccy hv y d h d h A-E
M (ASEM)23 hd -- d 1996 d h wh h
ASEAN (ARF).24 I 2001, h Sc Fw Ehcd Ph wh A
h c c. O h x jcv h EU-A c
c c h h d h d dccy, d vc d
h w.25 Y, c d h y h
( w). I c h cd cc w h EU d
ASEAN.
20 h://www.14h./_v/__.h; cc 14 Mch 2009.
21 Th ASEAN P Ay y dy zd y h ASEAN I
Sc d I Sd (ASEAN ISIS) c 2000 d d cdc d -
w v, h , d cv cy ASEAN.
22 Id, My, h Ph, S, Thd, B, V, L, Cd, d My.
23 B, Ch, Id, J, Sh K, My, h Ph, S, Thd, d V.
24 Th EU c wh Sh A Ac R C (SAARC) c Bdh,
Bh, Id, h Mdv, N, P, d S L d cd c d.
25 h://-x../LxUSv/LxUSv.d?=CELEX:52001DC0469:EN:HTML; cc 14 Mch
2009.
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Scd, v h cc c wh ASEAN h ch y-dv h c
Sh d C Ac. Th EU c d dc wh ASEAN c. A ,
ASEAN h hw ch h F Td A h h
EU. Mv, h v -ASEAN d w d h ch d ASEAN w
ch h Ecc Cy 2015 (Cx 2008: 25-30).
Gv h c, h EU h cd h -ASEAN . Fw h
Sc Fw 2001, h Sy Dc R P A 2007-2013
dc h cd h w - , ASEAN d
SAARC (F. 24), d h w cy , ARF d ASEM, h EU y x cy
d w-hw d c h v, hh dc d ch, d d
h hh, h hd, d d A, h h.26 Th M-A
Idcv P 2007-2013 775 (16 c) h EU d A d h
c I Dv C (DCI) d h h , whch 20
c h h .27 F h ASEAN d SAARC, h EU
cc -d y h SAFTA (h Sh A F Td A) d
h c h S M vd y h A Ecc Cy (AEC), whch h EU
j wd h cc FTA. Ahh c ASEAN
h y -- -d d d d
wh cv cy, h EU h y d jc h d d d v, hh
dc, v, d ch d dv. Pc c h c
h h, dccy d h w d hh h d y h
EU, ch h A-E Fd (ASEF) d h E I Dccy d H
Rh (EIDHR). 28 Nx chc d c c, h -- d h
hh h xch v xc.
Ov, -- w EU d ASEAN hv y vd
c d y c h h C A 1980. Nvh, c
d d c hv d xch d cd h d EU cc
, whch hv hd c v ASEAN d
y d c d v z.
26 h://c../d/wh//-c/dc/_0713_.d; cc 14
Mch 2009.
27 h://c../d/wh//-c/dc/_0710_.d; cc 14
Mch 2009.
28 ASEF , - z d S h w hd 1997 y h c-
h A-E M (ASEM). I dd d c
w h A d E hh c, c, d -- xch. EIDHR hc d h EU jc h dccy d h h d
whch xcvy vv - c.
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3.2 Encouraging Regional Integraon in its Near Abroad: The EUs Enlargement andNeighbourhood Policy
I q h xc w dd . Cqy, h
EU -- c h d d h d c . I y dw hd c c ,
y c, hv y -dw. Acc d hhd c hv y cd
c dy. Q h cy, h EU h
c d y y h h Md, h W
B, d h Sh Cc, h c c dy.
The African, Caribbean and Pacic States (ACP)
Th EU x wh dc d, hwv, c
dv c wh h Ac, C d Pcc C (ACP). I wh h v
dv c h Mch Ty 1992, dv c hd
hv hy h wd (c. R 2008: 183). Th
C A 2000 xcy h C h vd cv c
chv h jcv d whch h ACP S hv hv h cx
d - c d , cd - d -ACP c (A.
28). Fw h c d d z, h EU h cd h ACP
Ecc Ph A 29 h h y.
Wh h ACP hd dy d , h EU d
d h h FTA. Th cd whch
h EU h y w . I h d, hh,
y wh Sh dy.
The Barcelona Process/Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EUROMED)
Th G Md Pcy 1972, hd dy z h w
h EU d Sh Md h. I cd c h w
cv c, chc d c , y d h h Md
F Td A (MEFTA) h hd vy E-Md FTA (EU-MEFTA). Th
Bc Pc, hd y h Bc Dc h E-Md Cc
1995, h -ch h EU-Md c d vdd wh ,
29 Ecc Ph A (EPA) h c h d h EU hd d h
ACP c d whch c wh h ccy d -dc h WTO. Th
ACP c hv c ccd EPA v hh h EU h cd h.
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w.30 I dd h 31 whch h w E-Md Ph32 hd
c:
) Th c d cy h h c c, y d
cy,
) h cc d c h vd h w cc d c
c d d h h E-Md -d ,33 d
c) h h c, c d h wh h dv h
c d xch w c d cv c.
Th h cd w , zd h Ax h dc,
h d d h h M F A d vwd h
d y h E C h h E-Md Cc
(Bc dc 1995: 9). Th E-Md C h Bc Pc
ch h cd d y d hc hc c h v
, c d x d ddy d y xch xc
d wh v h cv cy (Bc dc 1995: 7). F h
h jcv, h EU h vdd c d chc c hh
Md Dv Ac (MEDA), whch w cd y h E Nhhd
Pcy I 2007, d hh h E Iv B.
D h d (-) , h EU h d h h
z. Th I-A cc h vd h c MdCc. N h h EU d c Md cd
/E-Md /c dccy, h h, d h
w. L , h EU h y d c d d c.
Hwv, h I-P cc d h d w Mcc d A v W-Sh
hv y h v c c c (c. Ad . 2006). A
Fc d h Sh E EU vv h Bc Pc, whch w
d h E Nhhd Pcy 2004 (c. Bz . 2008), hh h c
U h Md 2008 y .34 N y c d
z c d jc d h EU ( dd
d) d Md P ( I dcy). Th y Md
h wy h EU wd . Nx c c dy, h EU h cd
w y dv d wh ch h c (V H/
Sh hc).
30 F vvw h hy EU Md Pcy c. Gz 2003: 25-41.
31 Th y wh CSCE y ccdc. I cc h d ch
Cc Scy d C h Md 1990.
32 Nx h 27 EU , h E-Md Ph c A, Ey, I, Jd,
L, Mcc, h P Ahy, Sy d T). Ly h hd v c 1999.
33 Th h d c h EMP!
34 h://v.c/9/27045; cc 14 Mch 2009.
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Hwv, h c h d h E-Md Ph
. [B] Md c d h d hv h
d vd vc y h cc h EU c
h Md. (Bcch 2006: 295) Th E-Md C, c
wh h C P Rv, c h. Ad h
h G Dc M F A, ccvd y h Bc Dc h,
vy h Pc C h EU C F d Scy Pcy (CFSP). Fy,
h c E-Md cc, whch d d wh h
h d h EU. Sch h d h
h h x jc y h EU d hh c d d c (c.
Bcch 2006).
Learning from the South: Integrang the Eastern Neighbours
A h d h Cd W, h EU cd h ch h cc d c
h c c h y d h. F h
vy , h EU d ch d ccd hc xy
d , whch y d h : h C d E
(CEE) E c (c h C E c Pd, Hy, h Czch
Rc d Sv, h Bc S, w R d B), h W B,35 d h
-Sv Nwy Idd S (NIS).
The Central and Eastern European Countries
Wh h EU y d d CEE c c 2004 (wh dy h y
h w Sh E d, R d B), h EU hd h c h
(-) . Ad dd, Hy, Pd, d Czchv jd c z h
E h Vd G 1991.36 Th h d, c h Czchv
1993, c hv cd v qy EU h h
dv cy, h cd dccy, d h h Nh
Ac Ty Oz (NATO). F h , hy d vy c h h h
c w h cc h EU whch hy hv d y d
h (c. A/Bjcc-Dzvc 2002: 30-33). Thy hd C
E F Td A (CEFTA) 1993, whch w qy xdd h (cv EU
) . I wh h v ch h EU, h d z
C E c hd d c h y h EU. Icdy,
c hv v CEFTA wh j h EU.
35 Th B ( d Sh E E) hc c h c
A, x-Yv, B d R. Thh h cy h EU, h h
dvdd wh h W B h c whch hv dd h EU y (A,
B-Hzv, C, S, Mcd, M, d Kv).
36 h://www.vd./.h; cc 14 Mch 2009.
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Th h Bc S (E, Lv, d Lh) d c, whch
w vd y c cy cc whch h EU d NATO d
h c . Mh z, ch h Bc S S d h
Bc F Td A, hd 1994, dd y y EU cdy h h
c c wh EU . Wh h h h Bc S h
dvcd h c h C E c, hy hv qy d h
z h . F h, h wy -cc
. Oh h h, hy hv d h h wd cc vd
cy-y-cy (M 2004). Th ch h E c w
h cd y h E A d Acc Ph, whch vdd h
w cc h EU (c. Bz . 2008).
The Western Balkans
I h h cc E , h EU h hvy dw h d
z y h h h v c : h W
B. T dd h cc h h 1990, h EU y hd cd
h d cy c hh H Ad Oc (ECHO) .
I wh h W B cd y cy w. A h w B d
h h Kv cc 1998, h EU chd ch wd h W B.
I hd c c y h h dv c wd c z h
c h EU d. Mv, d dv w dd cy
dd h cc, c d cy h (c. Bz . 2008).
Wh dd y dv d hc cc, h B c hv ch
cv h h Md h EU. Thy hv c
v - h d h 1990, cd h Bc S Ecc C
(BSEC), h C E Iv (CEI), h C E F Td A (CEFTA), h Adc-
I Iv (AII) h D C (c. A/Bjcc-Dzvc 2002). Y, h y
v d wh h h Sh E E C Pc (SEECP).37 Th
h hv dcd -dw, y h EU, whch d y
cd c. Th ch h EU d h h Dy d h P Pc Accd. Th dv d d h wh h EU
w h c d chc c, x d PHARE, w d
c d cc cd, cd h Ch c d c.
Cdy, hwv, c y cv wh w d h cv.38 Th
Sy Pc Sh-E E 199939 d cdd C, Mcd,
37 SEECP v d . I cv hv cd c d c-
y, cc, h, c d c c w jc d h (A/
Bjcc-Dzvc 2002: 21).
38 Th, PHARE d jc h d .
39 B h Sy Pc, h EU hd d h Ry Pc Sy d Gd Nhhd
Sh E 1996. I d d w cv cy c. Bh EU c
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A, h Fd Rc Yv (FRY), d B-Hzv hy wd h
Ch c.40 Y, wh h EU y c d
h hy w d c wh h h EU S d (E C
2002; qd A/Bjcc-Dzvc 2002: 20). Sc cdy h cd
wh c jc (y c, cy d cv cy) d CARDS, h
c Ac, Rcc, Dv d Sz. F h d
2000-2006, h CARDS cd 230 ( 5 c h v
d).41 Fy, c d w zd h w dcz d
h h, cc cc d dv, d cy d jc d h (c.
F/Mhy 2000; Bchv 2006).
Th EU hv hd y h d d
d v , x d z d .42 Y,
h Sz d Acc Pc (SAP), d 1999, h wh dd h
c h Sy Pc. SAP w vd cc w h
W B h c. I h cdd hd d c
c d cc d dv ccy-d,43 hy cd
wh h EU Sy d Ac A (SAA) h wd cc
d qy h -cd E I Ph, whch w xcy dd
h Acc Ph h E c h d d-
x. Th SAA c c dvc h
cc c. B h SAP , whch c c h h
c h W B c.
The Eastern Neighbours
A h dw h Sv U, h EU chd d hc h Nwy
Idd S (NIS)44 c wh h c, cc d c ch hy
cd. Th Tchc Ac h Cwh Idd S (TACIS) vdd
c chc c w d c-d h
c wh h Sh E Cv Iv, h y v chd y h US.
I ccd xcvy cc c d cc, y hh v d (c.
A/Bjcc-Dzvc 2002: 21).
40 C. Cc h G A d Ex R Cc (GAERC) 21/22 J 1999 h://www.
c../Dc/c_D/dc/d///09008.EN9.h; cc 15 Mch 2009.
41 h://./_//w_/18002_.h; cc 15 Mch
2009.
42 F chv : A/Bjcc-Dzvc 2002: 25-29.
43 Th c d cc cd hd hd y h GAERC Cc A 1997. SAA x
wh A, C d Mcd. D h c , wh B d Hzvd wh S cy dd.
44 Th cd A, Azj, B, G, Kzh, Kyyz, Mdv, Tj, T,
U, Uz d R. M jd h TACIS 1993-2003.
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v c, h zd c d c.45 Bw 1994 d 1996, h
EU h z wh h NIS y Ph d C
A (PCA).
Oy wh h ch h E Nhhd Pcy (ENP) 2003, h EU d dv
ch. I h, ENP h vd h EU E h wh v
h vd c cv cc, c d c
(c. Bz . 2008).
I d h d cy, y d y, h EU c
. Th EU c h d - c
h cd c y, cc dv, d h dc vy d
c dv hd v (Wd E Sy P: 3).46 B wh ENP dv
-z-- ch, c h d hy . U h Md
Pcy, d vd y z h d. Th
h Md Ph h Nw ENP h h dd h
c ENP w cd h c v c, ch h E-
Md Ph (EMP) Nh Ac (Mh) d h N E (Mhq) d h
(d) Nhhd Pcy h Nwy Idd S h W h Sv
U (WNIS) d h Sh Cc.
Th y EU v w c h h c h Bc S Syy
2007.47 Th Bc S Syy h dd h Bc Pc. I h c
w EU (Gc, B, d R), (Ty), E
Nhhd C (Mdv, U, G, A, Azj) d R v
h cv h cq c. Th EU w h w Iv hh c-
c d E Nhhd Pcy I.
I whh h EU c v E Ph w
cc dv d h E ENP.48 I h vd A, Azj,
G, B, Mdv d U wh zd dc v ,
d d d c h wh h EU, wh vd h cv c
h. Sc h ddd v ENP c, h y h Nh
d CEE h ch h U h Md.
T , h c, whch h EU h h dc , hv dd
h EU y wy cy dv c wh
h EU (A/Bjcc-Dzvc 2002). Th c C d E E d h
45 S c-d jc y cd y h INTERREG (Cy dd h
h c h d h EU) d PHARE .
46 h://c../wd//d/c03_104_.d; cc 15 Mch 2009.
47 h://c../x_/c/dx_.h; cc 15 Mch 2009.
48 h://./d/RAc.d?c=MEMO/08/762&=HTML&d=0&=
EN&L=; cc 15 Mch 2009.
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W B cd h Sh d E E Nh xd y h
EU c cdy h hd, d cd cc cv, h h. Bh
h Md d E Ph, wh h EU h d c d d
c c .
4. Nw R - T EU A Gb Gvc?
[I]n the years ahead these inter-regional dialogues will steadily
shape the nature of internaonal polics and forge new mechanisms
to global interdependence and tackle cross-border problems.
(Jv S; qd F 2007: 249.)
Th cy EU cy jcv h dcy
w dy (Sh 2003: 95) whch dc [] dvc w
(Bh/V 2006: 249). I cd h EU cc cv
w h d w d dccy, c w d hh
h d c d (Bz/R hc). R
h wy c d c cc, h cc wh cy d
c d y. Th c d y x h EU w
hhy h d c wh h c w
y d wh (E C 2001; qd A/Bjcc-Dzvc 2002: 16). Th
EU jc x v (Lvx 2004, 2008; Bcch 2006). I d
h wy. Th, y dvc d y
d z d h WTO. I cc w d whch
h c (Kz 2005). Th EU h ch
vc c wh h US wh h-d- d -dv c
d d v h h c d c d -d (G
2004; F 2007). T h x h h US c , cy v
d h h chv ch.
Whh h EU y h h (H 2005: 558)
whch cc wd d zd (), hzd, d c d y d , d ch h hh
d h (H 2005: 563) h q. Th jx
Px E d dv d wd d d Px Ac hc jc
whch y v h xz h h US cy w. T h
x h ch cc h jx, hy y y h EU w dy cc
c v. Ad hy c h dchy d v. , h h US
(d ) , wh h EU x (d ) v. Id, Px E d
Px Ac h hc jc w v w. Th w c
, d d c d y h US d h h, dvcd y h
EU, v , whch d c d h vy
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. Bh c h dvc wh, h ,
v d d.
U h US, hwv, h EU h dvd q hcd x h ycy
d c, y y c d d c. I whh h
w O Ad w v wh h EU h A Nw Ac
h Ac cy dc cd d h h
vv cy ch y dvc dccy, cy, d y
h -.49 (Th h M ch V).
49 h://www..c//w?d=20601086&d=1Ld_GqY&=_c; cc
15 Mch 2009.
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T K-Fcpp - Ec Acc Exc
Iv Rc
Th K-Fch (KFG) w d -
chd y h G Rch Fd 2008. I c-
c h KFG vd ccy v
whch vv ch c c d wh y dc dd wh d j ch.
Th K-Fch Th Tv Pw E
h ch E h B-Bd-
d z h c wh h v-
d ch . I x h h EU -
d c d, yz h ch d c
d x d c h ch :
Idy d h Pc Sh
Cc, Cdy d Byd
Cv R d E Ex R
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