What is Differentiated Instruction?
• To differentiate instruction is to recognize students varying background knowledge, readiness, language, preferences in learning, interests, and to react responsively.
What is Differentiated Instruction?
• Differentiated instruction is a process to approach teaching and learning for students of differing abilities in the same classroom.
What is Differentiated Instruction?
• The intent of differentiated instruction is to maximize each student’s growth and individual success by meeting each students where they are, and assisting them in the learning process.
4 Elements to Differentiate
• Content – what the student needs to learn or
how the student will get access to the
information;
• Process – activities in which the student engages
in order to make sense of or master the content;
• Product – culminating projects that ask the
student to rehearse, apply, and extend what he or
she has learned in a unit; and
• Learning environment – the way the classroom
works and feels.
Content
Examples of differentiating content:1. Using reading materials at varying readability
levels;
2. Putting text materials on tape;
3. Using spelling or vocabulary lists at readiness levels of students;
4. Presenting ideas through both auditory and visual means;
5. Using reading buddies; and
6. Meeting with small groups to re-teach an idea or skill for struggling learners, or to extend the thinking or skills of advanced learners.
Process
Examples of differentiating process:
1. Using tiered activities;
2. Providing interest centers;
3. Developing personal agendas (task lists written by the
teacher and containing both in-common work for the
whole class and work that addresses individual needs of
learners);
4. Offering manipulatives or other hands-on supports; and
5. Varying the length of time a student may take to
complete a task.
Product
Examples of differentiating product:
1. Giving students options of how to express
required learning;
2. Using rubrics that match and extend students'
varied skills levels;
3. Allowing students to work alone or in small
groups on their products; and
4. Encouraging students to create their own
product assignments as long as the assignments
contain required elements.
Learning Environment
Examples of differentiating learning environment:
1. Making sure there are places in the room to work quietly and
without distraction, as well as places that invite student
collaboration;
2. Providing materials that reflect a variety of cultures and home
settings;
3. Setting out clear guidelines for independent work that matches
individual needs;
4. Developing routines that allow students to get help when teachers
are busy and cannot help them immediately; and
5. Helping students understand that some learners need to move
around to learn, while others do better sitting quietly
Full Range of Students
• Students with identified
special needs (IEP);
• Struggling readers;
• English learners;
• Speakers of non-standard
Englishes;
• Gifted students;
• Who else?
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What Differentiation Is Not
• Class centered
• Mainly for students with learning problems
• A tracking system by abilities
• A recipe for learning
• A different lesson plan for every student
• Whole-group drill and practice or any single
structure or activity
• Fact-based learning alone
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What Differentiation Is Not
• Unmanageable or undisciplined
• Modifying the instruction up or down in difficulty
• A method you will need all new materials for
• Cost free
• Just about learning styles
• A set of strategies and activities
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What Differentiation Is
• Student centered
• For all students
• For heterogeneous groups
• A change in philosophy about how learning should
take place
• Multiple approaches or options for content,
process, and product
• A mix of whole-class, group, and independent
learning
• More about quality than quantity
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What Differentiation Is
• Flexible and varied
• Proactive in the planning stage
• Rooted in assessment
• Based on continual reflection and
adjustment to help students learn well
• A belief system that says all learners
come to the classroom with potential
ready to be accessed
Differentiating for SWDs
• 504 Plans
• Individualized Education Plans
• Accommodations v. Modifications
Differentiating for ELs
• California English Language
Development Test (CELDT)
• Test Report
• Domain Performance Level Descriptors
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