ÂýSÌæßÙæ
ã×Ùð 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ ÂýçÌØô»è Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô ŠØæÙ ×ð´ ÚU¹·¤ÚU ÕÙæØæ ãñÐ çâçßÜ âðßæ ·¤è ÎëçC âð ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ÚUæCþèØ °ß´ ¥´ÌÚUæüCþèØ ƒæÅUÙæ¥ô´ ·¤æ ¿ØÙ ·¤ÚU
'PERFECT 7' ×ð´ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ×éÎ÷Îô´ °ß´ ¹ÕÚUô´ ·¤æ â´·¤ÜÙ ç·¤Øæ ÁæÌæ ãñÐ §â·Ô¤ ¥çÌçÚU€Ì âæÌ ÕýðÙ ÕêSÅUâü, âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ̉Ø, Âè¥æ§üÕè ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü çÕ´Îé¥ô´ °ß´ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü »ýæçÈ €Uâ ·Ô¤ ×æŠØ× âð â´·¤ËÂÙæ¥ô´ ·¤æ â×æßðàæÙ 'PERFECT 7' ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° Ò»æ»ÚU ×ð´ âæ»ÚUÓ âæçÕÌ ·¤ÚUÌæ ãñÐ'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·¤æ â´·¤ÜÙ ·¤ÚUÌð â×Ø ©Ù ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·Ô¤ Âÿæ, çßÂÿæ, çßàæðáÌæ¥ô´ ÌÍæ ©Ùâð ÖæÚUÌ °ß´ çßàß ÂÚU ÂǸÙð ßæÜð ÂýÖæßô´ ·¤è â×èÿææ ÂýSÌéÌ ·¤è ÁæÌè ãñ, Ìæç·¤ Àæ˜æ ©Ù ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·Ô¤ ÕæÚUð ×ð´ °·¤ â×Ûæ çß·¤çâÌ ·¤ÚU â·Ô¤´Ð 'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ¹ÕÚUô´ ·Ô¤ ÁçÚU° Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ·¤è ÎëçC âð ×ãˆßÂê‡æü çßáØô´ ·¤è ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ©ÂÜŽÏ ·¤ÚUæØè ÁæÌè ãñÐ §â Âç˜æ·¤æ ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ̉Øô´ °ß´ Âè¥æ§üÕè ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü çÕ´Îé¥ô´ ·Ô¤ ÁçÚU° ã× ¥ÂÙð Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô ¥çÌçÚU€Ì ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ©ÂÜŽÏ ·¤ÚUæÌð ãñ´Ð §â·¤æ ×éØ ©Î÷ÎðàØ çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ âÖè ÂãÜé¥ô´ ·¤ô â×æçãÌ ·¤ÚUÙæ ãñÐ 'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ÕýðÙ ÕêSÅUâü ·Ô¤ ÁçÚU° â×âæ×çØ·¤ çßáØô´ ·¤è ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè â´ÿæð ×ð´ °ß´ ¥æ·¤áü·¤ M¤Â ×ð´ ÂýSÌéÌ ·¤è ÁæÌè ãñ çÁââð ç·¤ Àæ˜æô´ mæÚUæ §âð âÚUÜÌæ âð ¥æˆ×âæÌ ç·¤Øæ Áæ â·Ô¤Ð §â·Ô¤ ¥çÌçÚU€Ì §â Âç˜æ·¤æ ×ð´ ¥Øæâ ÂýàÙô´ ·¤æ â×æßðàæÙ Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° SßØ´ ·¤æ ×êËØæ´·¤Ù ·¤ÚUÙð ×ð´ âãæØÌæ ÂýÎæÙ ·¤ÚUÌæ ãñÐ ¥‹Ø Âç˜æ·¤æ¥ô´ ·¤è Öæ´çÌ ã× Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô ·Ô¤ßÜ âÌãè ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ©ÂÜŽÏ ·¤ÚUæÙð ×ð´ çßàßæâ Ùãè´ ÚU¹Ìð ÕçË·¤ âæÚU»çÖüÌ ÕãéÂÿæèØ ¥õÚU ˜æéçÅUÚUçãÌ ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ÂýÎæÙ ·¤ÚUÙð ·¤æ ¥Í·¤ ÂýØæâ ·¤ÚUÌð ãñ´ çÁââð çâçßÜ âðßæ ×ð´ ã×æÚUð Àæ˜æ âÈ ÜÌæ ¥çÁüÌ ·¤ÚU â·Ô¤´, €UØô´ç·¤ Àæ˜æô´ ·¤è âÈ ÜÌæ ãè ã×æÚUè Âç˜æ·¤æ ·¤è ·¤âõÅUè ãñÐ ã×Ùð ¥ÂÙð ¥Í·¤ ÂýØæâ °ß´ ÂçÚUŸæ× ·Ô¤ ÁçÚU° 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ ·¤ô ÒÂÚUÈÔ¤€UÅUÓ ÕÙæÙð ·¤æ ·¤æØü ç·¤Øæ ãñ, çÈ ÚU Öè ØçÎ ·¤ô§ü ˜æéçÅU ÚUã »Øè ãô Ìô ©âð âéÏæÚUÙð ×ð´ ¥æ·Ԥ âéÛææß âæÎÚU ¥æ×´ç˜æÌ ãñ´Ð
ÁèÌ çâ´ãâÂæη¤, ŠØðØ IAS
â´ƒæ Üô·¤ âðßæ ¥æØô» ß ¥‹Ø ÚUæ’Ø Üô·¤ âðßæ ¥æØô»ô´ mæÚUæ ÂýæÚUçÖ·¤ ß ×éØ ÂÚUèÿææ ×ð´ çß»Ì ·é À ßáô´ü âð ÚUæCþèØ ß ¥´ÌÚUæüCþèØ ƒæÅUÙæ¥ô´ âð â´Õ´çÏÌ ÂýàÙô´ ·¤è â´Øæ ×ð´ ÕɸôžæÚUè
ãé§ü ãñÐ §â·¤è ÂéçC çß»Ì ßáô´ü ×ð´ â´Â‹Ù ãé§ü ÂÚUèÿææ¥ô´ ·Ô¤ Âýà٠˜æ âð ·¤è Áæ â·¤Ìè ãñÐ §âçÜ° ã×Ùð 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ ·Ô¤ ×æŠØ× âð ©Ù ×éÎ÷Îô´ °ß´ ¹ÕÚUô´ ·¤æ â´·¤ÜÙ ç·¤Øæ ãñ, Áô ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° ¥ˆØ´Ì ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ãñ´Ð 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ Ù ·Ô¤ßÜ ÂýæÚUçÖ·¤ ß ×éØ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° ©ÂØô»è ãñ, ÕçË·¤ Øã âæÿæ户¤æÚU ·Ô¤ çÜ° Öè ¥ˆØ´Ì ©ÂØô»è ãñÐ §â×ð´ â×âæ×çØ·¤ ƒæÅUÙæ¥ô´ ·¤ô ÕðãÎ ÚUô¿·¤ É´» âð ÌæçÜ·¤æ,Üô¿æÅUü °ß´ 翘æô´ ·Ô¤ ×æŠØ× âð â×ÛææØæ »Øæ ãñÐ 'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·¤ô â´·¤çÜÌ ·¤ÚUÌð â×Ø ã×æÚUæ ÂýØæâ Ù ·Ô¤ßÜ ©Ù ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·Ô¤ âÖè ÂãÜé¥ô´ ¥ÍæüÌ÷ °·¤ SÂC çßàÜðá‡ææˆ×·¤ âæ´¿ð ×ð´ ÉæÜÙð ·¤æ ÚUãæ ãñ ÕçË·¤ °ðâð ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·¤æ §â×ð´ çßSÌëÌ çßßð¿Ù Öè ç·¤Øæ »Øæ ãñ, çÁÙ·¤æ ¥‹Ø â×âæ×çØ·¤ Âç˜æ·¤æ¥ô´ ×ð´ çÁ·ý Ì·¤ Ùãè´ ãôÌæ ãñÐ 'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ÕýðÙ ÕêSÅUâü ·Ô¤ ×æŠØ× âð â×âæ×çØ·¤ çßáØô´ ·¤è ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ·¤ô ÕðãÎ âÅUè·¤Ìæ ß ¥æ·¤áü·¤ M¤Â âð ÂýSÌéÌ ç·¤Øæ »Øæ ãñ, çÁââð Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô ·¤× â×Ø ×ð´ Öè ©ÂØô»è ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè âéÜÖ ãô â·Ô¤Ð §â·Ô¤ ¥çÌçÚUÌ 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ ×ð´ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ¹ÕÚUð´, âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü Âè¥æ§üÕè, âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ¥Øæâ ÂýàÙ ß âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ̉Øô´ ·¤æ â×æßðàæ Öè ç·¤Øæ »Øæ ãñÐ §â Âç˜æ·¤æ ×ð´ ¥Øæâ ÂýàÙô´ ·¤æ â×æßðàæÙ Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° SßØ´ ·¤æ ×êËØæ´·¤Ù ·¤ÚUÙð ×ð´ âãæØÌæ ÂýÎæÙ ·¤ÚUÌæ ãñÐ Øãæ¡ Øã SÂC ·¤ÚUÙæ ¥æßàØ·¤ ãñ ç·¤ ç·¤âè Öè Âç˜æ·¤æ ×ð´ ̉Øô´ ·¤è ×æ˜ææ âð ’ØæÎæ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ©â·¤è »é‡æßžææ ãôÌè ãñ, §âçÜ° §âè çâfæ´Ì ·¤æ ¥ÙéÂæÜÙ ·¤ÚU·Ô¤ ã×Ùð âæÚU»çÖüÌ M¤Â ×ð´ Øã Âç˜æ·¤æ ¥æ·Ԥ â×é¹ ÂýSÌéÌ ·¤è ãñ, ¿ê´ç·¤ ·¤ô§ü Öè ·ë çÌ ¥´çÌ× Ùãè´ ãôÌè ãñ, ©â×ð´ âéÏæÚU ·¤è âÎñß â´ÖæßÙæ°¡ çßl×æÙ ÚUãÌè ãñ´Ð ¥ÌÑ âÖè Àæ˜æô´ âð ¥ÙéÚUôÏ ãñ ç·¤ ¥ÂÙð Õãé×êËØ âéÛææßô´ ß â×æÜô¿Ùæ¥ô´ âð ã×ð´ ¥ß»Ì ·¤ÚUæ°´Ð
¥ßÙèàæ Âæ‡ÇðØâÂæη¤, ŠØðØ IAS
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
1 uoEcj&2020 N vad 03
Hkkjr&usiky laca/ % lq/kj dh vko';drk01
ppkZ dk dkj.k
¥ gky gh esa ,d ijaijk ds rgr Hkkjrh; lsuk çeq• ujo.ks usiky ds nkSj ij x;s tgka mUgsa ,d •kl lEeku ls uoktk x;kA vkSj gj lky Hkkjrh; lsuk çeq• dks usiky dh ljdkj cqykrh gS vkSj usikyh lsuk ds tujy ds ekun in ls mUgsa lEekfur fd;k tkrk gSA
¥ blds fy, ,d •kl lekjksg vk;ksftr fd;k tkrk gS ftlesa bl ckj vkehZ phiQ ujo.ks us fgLlk fy;kA bl fo'ks"k lekjksg esa jk"Vªifr fo|k nsoh HkaMkjh us ekun lsukè;{k dh mikf/ ls tujy ujokus dks uoktkA
¥ nksuksa ns'kksa ds chp py jgs lhek fookn vkSj usiky ljdkj ds gky ds eghuksa ds Hkkjr fojks/h c;kuksa ds ckn ls bl ijaijk dk egRo bl ckj ckSrksa ij lgefr cuh gSA
¥ buesa fcgkj ds jDlkSy vkSj dkBekaMw ds chp lkefjd jsyos fyad dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk,xk] rkfd yksxksa ds chp laidZ rFkk cM+s iSekus ij eky ds vkokxeu dks lqfo/ktud cuk;k tk ldsA blds vykok eksfrgkjh ls usiky ds vesy•xat rd nksuksa ns'kksa ds chp vkW;y ikbiykbu fcNkus ij Hkh gky gh esa lgefr cuh FkhA
¥ blds vfrfjÙkQ usiky ljdkj us j{kk ea=kky; ls mi ç/kuea=kh bZ'oj iks•jsy dks gVk fn;k gSA ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd iks•jsy] Hkkjr ds ,d rst vkSj fujarj vkykspd
egRoiw.kZ eqís7
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
2 uoEcj&2020 N vad 03
ds :i esa jgs gSa vkSj Hkkjr dks usikyh xfrfof/;ksa ls vlgt djus dk n`f"Vdks.k j•rs gSaA
¥ blds vykok fiNys gÝrs dkBekaMw esa fjlpZ ,aM ,ukfyfll foax (R-AW) ds çeq• lkear xks;y ds nkSjs ls Hkh Hkkjr&usiky laca/ lqf•Z;ksa esa FkkA bl nkSjku mUgksaus ç/kuea=kh dsih vksyh ls Hkh eqykdkr dh Fkh| bl eqykdkr ds rqjar ckn usiky ds lqj cnys gq, utj vk, vkSj ih,e vksyh us usiky dk iqjkuk uD'kk V~ohV fd;kA ftlesa Hkkjrh; {ks=k dks usiky esa ugha fn•k;k x;k gSA
Hkkjr usiky lhek fookn dk bfrgkl
¥ bu nksuksa ns'kksa ds lhek ifjlheu dk yack bfrgkl jgk gSA 1816 dh lqxkSyh laf/ ls igys] usikyh jkT; if'pe esa lryt unh ls iwoZ esa rhLrk unh rd iQSyk gqvk FkkA usiky ,aXyks&usikyh ;q¼ gkj x;k vkSj ifj.kkeh laf/ us usiky dks vius orZeku {ks=kksa rd lhfer dj fn;kA
¥ orZeku fookn bl fo"k; ls mRiUu gqvk fd usiky ekurk gS fd dkykikuh esa egkdkyh unh ls tqM+us okyh lgk;d unh dkyh unh ugha gSA usiky vc dgrk gS fd dkyh unh fyiq ys• ds ikl if'pe esa fLFkr gSA
¥ vaxzstksa us frCcr vkSj phu ds lkFk O;kikj ds fy, fyiq ys• njZs dk bLrseky fd;kA 1870 ds n'kd ds ckn ls loZs vkWiQ bafM;k ds uD'ks us fyiq ys• ds {ks=k dks dkykikuh ls fczfV'k Hkkjr ds fgLls ds :i esa fn•k;kA usiky vkSj usikyh jktkvksa ds jk.kk 'kkldksa us lhek Lohdkj dj yh vkSj Hkkjr dh Lora=krk ds ckn Hkkjr ljdkj ds lkFk dksbZ vkifÙk ugha dhA
¥ 1857 ds foæksg dks •Re djus esa tax cgknqj jk.kk }kjk nh xbZ lSU; enn ds fy, ,d buke ds :i esa] usikyxat vkSj dfiyoLrq ds {ks=kksa dks usiky esa tYn gh cgky fd;k x;k FkkA vaxzstksa us dkykikuh {ks=k lfgr x
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
3 uoEcj&2020 N vad 03
fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku ij ikfdLrku dh dwVuhfrd pky ,oa Hkkjr dk n`f"Vdks.k
02
ppkZ dk dkj.k
¥ gky gh esa ikfdLrku us Hkkjr ds vfHkUu
vax fxyfxr&ckyfVLrku dks viuk
ik¡poka çkar ?kksf"kr dj fn;kA gkykafd
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,d laoS/kfud la'kks/u dh vko';drk
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gS] rks fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku ikfdLrku dk
ikapok çkar cu tk,xkA xkSjryc gS fd
orZeku esa cywfpLrku] •Scj&i[rwu[ok]
iatkc vkSj fla/] ikfdLrku ds pkj çkar
gSaA Hkkjr us bl ij dM+k ,rjkt trkrs
gq, Li"V :i ls dgk gS fd 1947 esa
tEew&d'ehj ds Hkkjr la?k esa oS/] iw.kZ
vkSj vVy foy; dh otg ls rFkkdfFkr
fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku lesr dsaæ 'kkflr
çns'k tEew&d'ehj vkSj yík• Hkkjr
dk vfHkUu vax gSa] vkSj bl ij fdlh
rjg dk fu.kZ; ysus ;k bldh oS/kfud
fLFkfr cnyus dk vf/dkj ikfdLrku dks
ugha gSA blds vfrfjÙkQ Hkkjr ljdkj us
ikfdLrku ls ikd vf/Ñr d'ehj vkSj
fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku dks •kyh djus ds
fy, Hkh dgk gSA
fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku dh vofLFkfr
¥ fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku tEew&d'ehj ds
mÙkj&if'peh esa fLFkr Å¡pkbZ okyk ,d
igkM+h {ks=k gS] ftls ikfdLrku }kjk ç'kkflr
fd;k tkrk gSA ;g bykdk djkdksje
jsat esa gSa vkSj phu ds mÙkj&if'pe ds
çkar f'kuft;kax ds lkFk Hkh lVk gqvk
gS] ftlds dkj.k bl bykds dk lkefjd
vkSj okf.kfT;d nksuksa gh egRo gSA phu
ikfdLrku vkfFkZd xfy;kjs us nksuksa ns'kksa
ds fy, bl {ks=k dks vkSj egRoiw.kZ cuk
fn;k gSA
¥ fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku ds if'pe esa
viQxkfuLrku gS] blds nf{k.k esa
ikfdLrku ds dCts okyk d'ehj gS] vkSj
iwoZ esa tEew&d'ehj gSA fiNys ,d lky
ls ikfdLrku }kjk fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku dks
çkarh; ntkZ nsus dh ;kstuk cukbZ tk jgh
FkhA gkykafd dqN tkudkjksa dk ekuuk
gS fd ikfdLrku }kjk mBk;k x;k ;g
dne lhisd (China-Pakistan Economic
Corridor -CPEC) vkSj phuh fgr ls tqM+k
gqvk gSA
fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku dk bfrgkl
¥ Hkkjr vkSj ikfdLrku ds chp lcls cM+k
fookn fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku dks ysdj gSA
ikfdLrku ç'kkflr d'ehj ds if'peh fljs
ij fxyfxr vkSj blds nf{k.k esa ckfYVLrku
fLFkr gSA ;g bykdk 4 uoacj 1947 ds ckn
ls gh ikfdLrku ds ç'kklu esa gSA Hkkjr
dh vktknh ls igys fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku
tEew d'ehj fj;klr dk gh fgLlk FkkA
ysfdu fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku ds bykds dks
vaxzstksa us ogka ds egkjktk ls lky 1846
ls yht ij ys j•k FkkA tc vaxzst Hkkjr
NksM+dj tkus yxs rks bls tEew d'ehj
ds egkjktk gfj flag dks okil dj fn;k
x;kA gfj flag us fczxsfM;j ?kalkj flag dks
;gka dk xouZj cuk;kA fxyfxr LdkmV~l
ogha rSukr jghA ml le; bl iQkSt ds
vf/dka'k vf/dkjh vaxzst gh gqvk djrs
FksA 1947 esa tc d'ehj ij ikfdLrkuh
iQkSt us geyk dj fn;k rks 31 vDVwcj
dks egkjktk gfjflag us Hkkjr ds lkFk
foy; ds le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj dj fn,A
¥ bl rjg fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku Hkh Hkkjr dk
fgLlk cu x;kA ysfdu fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku
esa ekStwn iQkSt ds vaxzst vf/dkfj;ksa us
bl le>kSrs dks ugha ekukA ogka iQkSt
us xouZj ?kalkj flag dks tsy esa Mky
fn;kA ogka ds vaxzst iQkSth vf/dkfj;ksa us
ikfdLrku ds lkFk fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku dks
feykus dk le>kSrk dj fy;kA 1 uoacj
1947 dks fxyfxr esa ikfdLrku dk >aMk
iQgjk fn;k x;kA ikfdLrku dh ljdkj
us lnj eksgEen vkye dks ;gka dk u;k
ç'kkld fu;qÙkQ dj fn;kA
¥ 1 uoacj 1947 dks ;g fgLlk ikfdLrku ds
ç'kklu esa pyk x;kA 1949 esa ikfdLrku
ç'kkflr d'ehj vkSj ikfdLrkuh ljdkj
ds chp gq, djkph le>kSrs ds rgr
fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku dks ikfdLrku dks lkSai
fn;k x;kA 1970 esa bls vyx ç'kklfud
bdkbZ dk ntkZ ns fn;k x;k vkSj bldk
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
4 uoEcj&2020 N vad 03
uke ukWnZu ,fj;k j•k x;kA 2007 esa okil
bldk uke cnydj fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku
dj fn;k x;kA ikfdLrku esa pkj jkT; gSaA
buds vykok ikd ç'kkflr d'ehj vkSj
fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku dks Lok;Ùk bykds dk
ntkZ fn;k x;k gSA
¥ Hkkjr ljdkj us 1994 esa laln esa ,d
çLrko ikl dj ikd ç'kkflr d'ehj vkSj
fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku dks Hkkjr dk vfHkUu
vax crk;k Fkk vkSj ikfdLrku ls bl
bykds ij viuk dCtk NksM+us ds fy,
dgk FkkA
fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku dh orZeku fLFkfr D;k gS\
¥ 2009 esa ikfdLrku ds rRdkyhu
jk"Vªifr vkfliQ vyh tjnkjh us
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dkuwu ds rgr fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku esa ,d
fo/kulHkk cukus vkSj fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku
dkmafly cukus ds vkns'k fn, x,A
fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku esa eq[;ea=kh vkSj
xouZj nksuksa gksrs gSaA fdlh Hkh ekeys dk
vafre iQSlyk ysus dk vf/dkj xouZj ds
ikl lqjf{kr gSA gkykafd lkjs t:jh iQSlys
ysus dk vf/dkj fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku
dkmafly ds ikl gSA blds vè;{k
ikfdLrku ds ç/kuea=kh gksrs gSaA 2009 ds
ljdkjh vkns'k dks 2018 esa cnyk x;k
vkSj fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku dh fo/kulHkk
dks dbZ egRoiw.kZ vf/dkj fn, x,A ;gk¡
vkf•jh pquko tqykbZ 2015 esa gq, Fks]
fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku dh ekStwnk fo/kulHkk
dk dk;Zdky bl lky tqykbZ esa lekIr
gqvk FkkA dksjksuk egkekjh ds dkj.k u,
pquko ugha gks lds gSaA bl chp] ikfdLrku
dh lqçhe dksVZ us fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku ds
vf/dkj {ks=k esa c
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5 uoEcj&2020 N vad 03
vesfjdk dh fgUn&iz'kkar uhfr ,oa Hkkjr&Jhyadk laca/03
ppkZ dk dkj.k
¥ fiNys dqN gÝrksa esa Hkkjr us vius iM+kslh
ns'kksa ls utnhfd;ka c
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egklkxj esa Hkkjr dk 90 çfr'kr dkjksckj
gksrk gS vkSj bldk 90 çfr'kr ÅtkZ lzksr
gSA
¥ fgan ç'kkar {ks=k esa phu ds vkØked
O;ogkj ij yxke yxkus ds fy, vesfjdk
vkSj Hkkjr nks cM+s yksdrkaf=kd ns'k gSa vkSj
nksuksa gh phu dh foLrkjoknh uhfr;ksa ij
jksd yxkus ds fy, dke dj jgs gSaA
phu ds blh vkØked joS;s dk fo;ruke]
eysf'k;k] fiQyhihUl] CkzqusbZ vkSj rkboku
Hkh fojks/ dj jgs gSaA blds vfrfjÙkQ
vesfjdk ds fy, Jhyadk ,d dherh
lk>snkj gS] ,slk lk>snkj tks ¶fgan&ç'kkar
{ks=k ds dsaæ ds rkSj ij {ks=kh; LFkkf;Ro
vkSj le`f¼ ds fy, ;ksxnku nsxkA¸ ;s
ekStwnk vkSj egkekjh ds ckn dh nqfu;k
dh cnyh gqbZ okLrfodrk dks fn•krk
gSA pwafd nqfu;k ds dbZ fgLlksa esa dksjksuk
ok;jl egkekjh fcuk deh ds iQSyrh tk
jgh gS] ,sls esa mEehn dh tk jgh gS fd
lHkh ns'k T;knk&ls&T;knk Hkhrj dh vksj
#• djsaxs vkSj mudh fons'k uhfr dk y{;
jktuhfrd O;kogkfjdrk vkSj muds vius
eryc ds fglkc ls r; gksxkA T;knkrj
ns'kksa dk rkRdkfyd vkSj egRoiw.kZ y{;
?kjsyw fpark,a] vkfFkZd cgkyh vkSj jk"Vªh;
lqj{kk gksxhA ,sls esa mudh fons'k uhfr
yksdra=k dks csnkj ds :i
esa ns•rk gSA Hkkjr vkSj blds lk>snkjksa
ds le{k mRiUu pqukSfr;ksa ds dkj.k
varjkZ"Vªh; vkradokn] ik;jslh] laxfBr
vijk/] u'khyh inkFkks± dh rLdjh vkSj
gfFk;kjksa ds O;kikj ds vfu"Vdkjh çHkkoksa
ls fuiVus esa la;qDr lg;ksx esa c
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
7 uoEcj&2020 N vad 03
u;s fo'o ds fuekZ.k esa izkphu ;wjksi dh egÙkk04
ppkZ dk dkj.k
¥ vesfjdk ds lkFk Vw Iyl Vw ehfVax ds ckn Hkkjr vc ;wjksih; ns'kksa ds lkFk egRoiw.kZ j.kuhfrd lk>snkjh ij iQksdl dj jgk gSA blfy, fons'k lfpo g"kZ J`axyk gky gh esa yanu] iSfjl vkSj cfyZu esa ,d lIrkg ds nkSjs iSj x;s gSaA g"kZ J`axy us vius igys pj.k esa Úkal ds MhthvkjvkbZ,l ,fyl xqbVu dh ds lkFk egÙoiw.kZ cSBd dh ftlesa mUgksaus Hkkjr&ç'kkar {ks=k ,oa leqæh lqj{kk] j{kk lk>snkjh vkSj {ks=kh; lqj{kk lg;ksx ij ppkZ dhA
¥ oks ;wds] Úkal vkSj teZuh ds fons'k nÝrjksa] ogka ds lkalnksa vkSj vdknfed txr ds yksxksa ds lkFk fo'ks"k eqíksa ij ppkZ djsaxsA ,slk vuqeku gS fd J`axyk ds bl nkSjs dk mís'; dksfoM ykWdMkmu ds ckn ;wjksi dh jkt/kfu;ksa ls rkyesy fcBkus dh çfØ;k nksckjk cgky djuk gSA
Hkkjr vkSj ;wjksi
¥ ;wjksi] Hkkjr dk lcls cM+k O;kikfjd lk>snkj gSA 2019 esa ;wjksih; la?k vkSj Hkkjr ds chp 80 vjc ;wjks dk dkjksckj gqvk FkkA tks vesfjdk vkSj phu ls Hkh vf/d gSA
¥ ;wjksih; laln dh uoacj 2019 dh nf{k.k ,f'k;k iQSDV'khV ds vuqlkj] ^nksuksa i{kksa ds chp oLrqksa dk vuqekfur O;kikj 90 vjc ;wjks FkkA blesa Hkkjr 2 vjc ;wjks dk ljIyl O;kikj dj jgk FkkA ;wjksih; la?k] Hkkjr ds fy, fuos'k dk Hkh lcls çeq• lzksr gSA
¥ ;wjksih; la?k ls Hkkjr esa 76-7 vjc ;wjks dk vkmVokMZ LVkWd bUosLVesaV fd;k x;k gS| rks] 11 vjc ;wjks dk buokMZ LVkWd fuos'k Hkh fd;k x;k gSA bl le; Hkkjr dks ;wjksih; la?k ds tujykbTM Ldhe vkWiQ çsiQjsalst (GSP) ds rgr O;kikj dk ykHk gksrk gSA
¥ blds varxZr ekuokf/dkjksa vkSj Jfed vfèkdkjksa ds rgr Hkkjr dks bdrjiQk O;kikfjd rjthg ;wjksih; la?k ls gkfly gksrh gSA bl le; Hkkjr esa ;wjksih; la?k dh
Ng gtkj ls T;knk daifu;ka dkjksckj dj jgh gSaA bu daifu;ksa ds ekè;e ls Hkkjr esa lkB yk• ls vf/d yksxksa dks çR;{k ;k ijks{k :i ls jkstxkj feyk gqvk gSA
¥ gkykafd] ;wjksih; la?k vkSj Hkkjr ds chp f}i{kh; laca/ vkSj fuos'k ds laca/ rc vVd x,] tc Hkkjr us ;wjksih; la?k ds lkFk çLrkfor eqÙkQ O;kikj le>kSrs (FTA) ds fy, okrkZ djus ls budkj dj fn;k Fkk ;s ckrphr yacs le; ls LFkfxr FkhA vkf/dkfjd :i ls bls czkWMcsLM] VªsM ,saM bUosLVesaV ,xzhesaV (BTIA) dk uke fn;k x;k gSA
¥ nksuksa i{kksa ds chp bl eqÙkQ O;kikj le>kSrs dks ysdj ckrphr 2007 esa 'kq: gks xbZ Fkh 2016 esa Hkkjr us ;wjksih; la?k ds lnL; ns'kksa ds lkFk ekStwnk le>kSrksa dks u, fljs ls fu/kZfjr fd;k Fkk vkSj blds ckn mlus ;wjksih; la?k ds lkeus f}i{kh; fuos'k le>kSrs (BIT) dk u;k ekWMy çLrqr fd;k FkkA
fopkjksa esa erHksn
¥ ;wjksih; la?k us Hkkjr ls bl u, ekWMy ij ckrphr djus ls lkiQ budkj dj fn;kA blds vykok] ;wjksih; la?k vkSj Hkkjr] fo'o O;kikj laxBu esa ,d csgn dVq O;kikfjd fookn esa Hkh my>s gq, gSaA Hkkjr us lwpuk vkSj lapkj rduhd (ICT) dh dqN oLrqvksa ij vk;kr ij 'kqYd dks 7-5 çfr'kr ls ckSrs ds laHkkfor çHkko dk vkdyu fd;k x;k gS ftlds vuqlkj nksuksa i{kksa ds fy, 8 fcfy;u ;wjks ls 8-5 fcfy;u ;wjks ds O;kikj esa o`f¼ gqbZ gS] lkFk gh O;kikj ds vf/d o`f¼ ls Hkkjr esa çokg dh laHkkouk gSA
¥ ;g vè;;u i;kZoj.kh; ekudksa tSls
oSf'od lkoZtfud oLrqvksa ds çko/ku ij
vfrfjÙkQ leUo; ls laHkkfor ykHk dks Hkh
lanfHkZr djrk gSA
¥ tyok;q ifjorZu ij] ;wjksih; la?k vius u,
vkS|ksfxd j.kuhfr xzhu Mhy ds ekè;e ls
2050 rd dkcZu&mRltZu dks rVLFk cukus
ds fy, vius egRokdka{kh y{; ij fuekZ.k
dk;Z dj jgk gSA
;wjksi vkSj phu % lk>snkjh esa cnyko
¥ egk}hi esa phu ds c
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
8 uoEcj&2020 N vad 03
nsj ls •qyhA tSlk fd Úkal ds jk"Vªifr
eSØksu ds bl dFku ls Hkh tkfgj gksrk
gS fd ;wjksih; ljyrk dk ;qx lekIr gks
pqdk gSA
;wjksi vkSj ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa ds lkFk mHkjrh u;h lk>snkjh
¥ ;wjksih; la?k us] viuh vksj ls] 2018
esa dusfDVax ;wjksi ,aM ,f'k;k& fcfYMax
CykWDl iQkWj ,u bZ;w LVªsVsth dks ysdj
viuh j.kuhfr tkjh dh] ftldk mís';
nksuksa egk}hiksa ds chp vkfFkZd voljksa dks
•ksyuk vkSj fVdkÅ] ikjn'khZ ,oa dq'ky
dusfDVfoVh dk fuekZ.k djuk gSA
¥ blus 2019 esa tkiku ds lkFk lrr
dusfDVfoVh ,oa xq.koÙkkiw.kZ bUÚkLVªDpj
ij ,d le>kSrs ij Hkh gLrk{kj fd,] tks
dusfDVfoVh ds lHkh vk;keksa& f}i{kh; vkSj
cgqi{kh;& dks çksRlkfgr djrk gS vkSj mu
ij dke djrk gS] ftlesa ifjogu] ÅtkZ]
fMftVy vkSj yksxksa ls yksxksa dk tqM+ko
'kkfey gSA
¥ blds vykok Hkkjr vkSj ;wjksih; la?k lqj{kk
ds {ks=k esa esa Hkh vkxs ck fgrksa okys bykdksa tSls fd]
fgan egklkxj esa 'kkafr vkSj fLFkjrk yk ldsaA
leqæh O;kikfjd ekxks± dh lqj{kk] ;wjksih;
la?k vkSj Hkkjr] nksuksa ds fy, egRoiw.kZ
çkFkfedrk dk fo"k; gSA blhfy, nksuksa gh
i{k vkt lSU; {ks=k esa lg;ksx dk nk;jk
vkSj c
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
9 uoEcj&2020 N vad 03
Hkkjr esa [kk|kuksa dk izca/u % pqukSfr;k¡ ,oa lek/ku05
ppkZ dk dkj.k
¥ dksjksukok;jl ds dkj.k iQSyh egkekjh ls bl le; nqfu;k ds yxHkx reke ns'k tw> jgs gSaA Hkkjr esa bl ladV ls fucVus ds fy, vyx&vyx Lrj ij dksf'k'ksa gks jgh gSaA bl chp Hkkjrh; •k| fuxe (,iQlhvkbZ) us vk'oLr fd;k gS fd ns'k esa •k| lkefxz;ksa dh dksbZ deh ugha gSA fofnr gks fd tc ns'k esa •k|kUu dh deh gqbZ rks ç/kuea=kh yky cgknqj 'kkL=kh ds ukjs t; toku] t; fdlku ds lkFk fdlkuksa dh ljkguk dh xbZA orZeku esa ns'k esa vdky dh fLFkfr ugha gS] cfYd vkt •k|kUu dh ck
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
10 uoEcj&2020 N vad 03
iQyksa vkSj lfCt;ksa dk uqdlku
¥ ns'k esa lkykuk 2 yk• djksM+ #i;s dh
iQy o lfCt;ksa dh cjcknh gksrh gSA
bldh eq[; otg •k| çlaLdj.k bdkb;ksa
dh deh] vk/qfud HkaMkj.k lqfo/kvksa dk
vHkko rFkk bl eqís ls fuiVus ds çfr
laosnughu joS;k gSA ns'k esa 22 çfr'kr
iQy o lfCt;k¡ Fkksd eafM;ksa esa igq¡p
ikrh gSa ftlls lkykuk djksM+ks a #i;s dk
uqdlku gksrk gSA
lek/ku
¥ gj eaMh ;kMZ esa flyks (;g /krq ;k
LVhy ls fufeZr flfyaMj ds vkdkj dh
lajpuk gksrh gSA blesa vukt dks cM+h
ek=kk esa dUos;j csYV ds ekè;e ls j•k
tkrk gSA çR;sd flyks dh {kerk yxHkx
25]000 gtkj Vu gksrh gS] vukt dh
Lopkfyr liQkbZ vkSj otu djus dh
e'khu (tks bysDVªkWfud jlhn tkjh djrh
gS) vkSj flyks (SILO) esa vukt dks LVksj
djus ds fy, ,d fyÝV gksuh pkfg,A
¥ iQyksa vkSj lfCt;ksa ds mRiknu vkSj
çca/u ij tksj% lCth vkSj iQyksa dh
fcØh vkSj fu;kZr ls 150]000 djksM+
#i;s çkIr fd, tk ldrs gSaA bl rjg ls
tqVkbZ xbZ /ujkf'k dk mi;ksx cht /u
ds :i esa vU; oLrqvksa ds fy, ewY;
fLFkjhdj.k dks"k dh LFkkiuk ds fy,
fd;k tkuk pkfg,A gesa lqijekdZsV ls
tqM+h dksYM psu dh LFkkiuk dks c
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
11 uoEcj&2020 N vad 03
IykTek Fksjsih ,oa mldh izHkkodkfjrk06
ppkZ dk dkj.k
¥ dksfoM&19 jksfx;ksa ij gky gh esa çdkf'kr
IykTek Fksjsih ij fu"d"kks± us bldh
çHkkodkfjrk ij ,d cgl NsM+ nh gSA
xkSjryc gS fd Hkkjr esa dksjksuk ok;jl
ds f•ykiQ tax esa IykTek Fksjih dks cM+s
gfFk;kj ds rkSj ij crk;k tk jgk gSA fdUrq
vkbZlh,evkj (Indian Council of Medical
Research) us vc rd çkIr ifj.kkeksa ds
vk/kj ij fu"d"kZ fudkyk gS fd IykTek
Fksjsih dksjksuk ds fo#¼ mruk çHkkoh ugha
gS ftruh bldh mEehn dh tk jgh FkhA
fiQj Hkh dksjksuk ls lokZf/d çHkkfor tSls
egkjk"Vª] fnYyh vkfn IykTek Fksjsih dks
c
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
12 uoEcj&2020 N vad 03
IykTek (lhih) dk nks Mkst fn;k x;k FkkA
blesa ls IykTek Fksjsih çkIr djus okys 44
ejhtksa (18-7») vkSj LVSaMMZ ds;j okys
41 ejhtksa (17-9») ds lexz çkFkfed
ifj.kke lkeus vk,A fjiksVZ ds eqrkfcd]
bl nkSjku IykTek Fksjsih okys 235 ejhtksa
esa ls 34 (13-6 iQhlnh) vkSj LVSaMMZ
VªhVesaV ysus okys 229 ejhtksa esa ls 31
(14-6») ejhtksa dh ekSr gqbZ FkhA
¥ fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k] ^lHkh ukekafdr
çfrHkkfx;ksa dks Dyhfudy tkap vkSj dbZ
yScksjsVjh tkap ls xqtjuk iM+k] ftlesa
/euh jÙkQ xSl (,chth) fo'ys"k.k] iw.kZ
jÙkQ x.kuk] xqnZs vkSj ;Ñr fØ;k ijh{k.k
'kkfey gSaA lHkh ejhtksa ls 28osa fnu
VsyhiQksu ds tfj;s mudh LokLF; fLFkfr
dk vkdyu fd;k x;kA* dksjksuk Fksjsih
çkIr djus okys ejhtksa esa lkal ysus vkSj
Fkdku dh leL;k lkrosa fnu cus dh dksf'k'ksa dh tk jgh gSaA
nqfu;k Hkj esa 700 ejhtksa ls yh xbZ
tkudkjh ds ,d vè;;u esa ik;k x;k
fd blds mi;ksx ls dksfoM&19 ds ejhtksa
esa e`R;q nj dks 50 çfr'kr rd ?kVkus esa
liQyrk feyhA ysfdu bl ijh{k.k ds
urhtksa dh vHkh ih;j leh{kk ugha gqbZ gS]
blfy, blds urhtksa ij vHkh iwjh rjg ls
fo'okl ugha fd;k tk ldrkA
¥ IykTek Fksjsih dksbZ tknqbZ rjhdk ugha gS
vkSj tc rd ;s irk ugha py tkrk fd
fdl&fdl rjg ds ejhtksa ij ;g vlj
djrh gS] bldk bLrseky cM+s foosdiw.kZ
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
13 uoEcj&2020 N vad 03
jk"Vªh; jkt/kuh {ks=k esa ok;q xq.koÙkk izca/u ij mBrk loky07
ppkZ dk dkj.k
¥ Hkkjr ds jk"Vªifr us fnYyh&jk"Vªh; jkt/kuh
{ks=k (,ulhvkj) vkSj vklikl ds {ks=kksa esa
ok;q çnw"k.k ls fuiVus ds fy, ,d LFkk;h
vk;ksx ds xBu ds fy, dsaæ ljdkj }kjk
yk, x, vè;kns'k ij gLrk{kj dj fn;s gSaA
xkSjryc gS fd jk"Vªh; jkt/kuh {ks=k vkSj
vklikl ds {ks=kksa esa ok;q xq.koÙkk çca/u
gsrq vk;ksx vè;kns'k*] 2020 (Commission
for Air Quality Management in National
Capital Region and Adjoining Areas
Ordinance) dks dsaæ }kjk çLrqr fd;k x;k
FkkA;g jk"Vªh; jkt/kuh {ks=k vkSj vklikl
ds mu bykds rd ykxw gksxk] tgka ok;q
çnw"k.k ls lacaf/r eqís gSaA
vk;ksx dh lajpuk
¥ vk;ksx esa 20 lnL; gksaxsA bl vk;ksx dh
vè;{krk Hkkjr ljdkj ds lfpo vFkok
jkT; ljdkj ds eq[; lfpo ds jSad ds
vf/dkjh }kjk dh tk,xhA ;g ,d LFkk;h
fudk; gksxkA blds vfrfjÙkQ nks iw.kZdkfyd
lnL; gksaxs tks dsaæ ljdkj ds la;qÙkQ lfpo
gksaxsA
¥ bl vk;ksx esa rhu iw.kZdkfyd Lora=k
rduhdh lnL; gksaxs ftUgsa ok;q çnw"k.k
laca/h oSKkfud tkudkjh gksxhA dsaæh;
çnw"k.k fu;a=k.k cksMZ (lhihlhch) ds ,d
rduhdh lnL; Hkh gksaxs rFkk bljks ,d
rduhdh lnL; dks ukfer djsxkA
¥ ok;q çnw"k.k jksdus ds laca/ esa vuqHko
j•us okys ,uthvks ds rhu lnL; Hkh gksaxsA
vk;ksx lg;ksxh lnL;ksa dks Hkh fu;qÙkQ dj
ldrk gSA vk;ksx esa fuxjkuh vkSj igpku]
lqj{kk vkSj çorZu rFkk vuqla/ku vkSj
fodkl esa çR;sd ls ,d&,d ds lkFk rhu
mi desVh gksxhA
¥ vk;ksx ds ikl ok;q (çnw"k.k jksdFkke
vkSj fu;a=k.k) dkuwu 1981] vkSj i;kZoj.k
(laj{k.k) dkuwu 1986 tSls ekStwnk dkuwuksa
ds rgr fuokj.k ds fy, ekeyksa dk Lor%
laKku ysus] f'kdk;rksa ij lquokbZ] vkns'k
tkjh djus dk vf/dkj gksxkA vk;ksx ds
ikl ,ulhvkj vkSj vklikl ds {ks=kksa esa
ok;q çnw"k.k ds fy, ftEesnkj fdlh Hkh
xfrfof/;ksa ij ikcanh yxkus dk vf/dkj
gksxkA
vf/dkj {ks=k
¥ vè;kns'k ds eqrkfcd fnYyh vkSj ,ulhvkj
ls tqM+s bykds] vkl ikl ds {ks=k tgka ;g
ykxw gksxk mlesa iatkc] gfj;k.kk] jktLFkku
vkSj mÙkjçns'k gSaA
ltk dk çko/ku
¥ vk;ksx ds fdlh Hkh çko/ku ;k fu;eksa
;k vkns'k ;k funZs'k dk ikyu ugha djuk
naMuh; vijk/ gksxk ftlds fy, ikap lky
tsy dh ltk ;k ,d djksM+ #i;s tqekZuk ;k
,d lkFk nksuksa ltk gks ldrh gSA
vk;ksx ds dk;Z
¥ ;g vk;ksx ,ulhvkj esa ok;q xq.koÙkk dh
lqj{kk vkSj lq/kj ds fy, f'kdk;rksa ij
fopkj djus] funZs'k tkjh djus ds fy,
mik; djsxkA blds vfrfjÙkQ] ;g fofHkUu
lzksrksa ls i;kZoj.k çnw"kd ds fuoZgu ;k
mRltZu ds fy, ekinaMksa dks fu/kZfjr djsxkA
¥ ;g vk;ksx ok;q çnw"k.k dks ysdj rhu
O;kid {ks=kksa ij utj j•sxkA ;s rhu {ks=k
ok;q çnw"k.k dh fuxjkuh] dkuwuksa dks ykxw
djkuk vkSj fjlpZ ,oa u, ç;ksxksa ls tqM+s
gksaxsA vk;ksx rhu vyx&vyx {ks=kksa dh
leh{kk vkSj tkap ds fy, mi&lfefr;ksa dh
LFkkiuk djsxkA
¥ ;g vk;ksx fnYyh&,ulhvkj esa ok;q dh
xq.koÙkk dks •jkc djus okys dkjd tSls&
ijkyh tykus] okguksa ds çnw"k.k] /wy çnw"k.k
vkSj vU; lHkh eqíksa ij xkSj djsxkA vk;ksx
viuh okf"kZd fjiksVZ laln dks çLrqr djsxkA
fnYyh&,ulhvkj esa ok;q dh xq.koÙkk
¥ i`Foh foKku ea=kky; dh ok;q xq.koÙkk
fuxjkuh laLFkk liQj ds eqrkfcd fnYyh
,ulhvkj esa ok;q dh xq.koÙkk cgqr •jkc
Js.kh esa cuh jgus dh vk'kadk gSA fnYyh esa
reke mik;ksa ds ckotwn ok;q dh xq.koÙkk
lq/j ugha jghA çnw"k.k de djus ds fy,
txg&txg ij ,aVh&LekWx xu ls ikuh
dk fNM+dko Hkh fd;k tk jgk gSA chrs
dbZ fnuksa ls çnw"k.k dh jksdFkke ds fy,
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
14 uoEcj&2020 N vad 03
fnYyh&,ulhvkj esa txg&txg ,aVh&LekWx
xu ls ikuh dk fNM+dko fd;k tk jgk gS
gkykr tl ds rl gSaA
¥ i`Foh foKku ea=kky; dh ok;q ekud laLFkk
liQj ds vuqlkj] fnYyh ds iM+kslh jkT;ksa esa
djhc 3]225 ijkyh tykus dh ?kVuk,a ntZ
dh xbZA blls mRiUu gksus okys ikfVZdqysV
eSVj (ih,e) 2-5 dh çnw"k.k esa yxHkx 21
iQhlnh fgLlsnkjh jghA
fnYyh&,ulhvkj esa çnw"k.k ds dkjd
¥ 'khrdky esa ih,e 10 ds Lrj ij igqapus
ds dbZ dkj.k gSaA bl ekSle esa m|ksxksa ls
27 çfr'kr çnw"k.k mRiUu gksrk gS] tcfd
okguksa ls 24 çfr'kr çnw"k.k iQSyrk gSA blh
çdkj /wy ls 25 çfr'kr rFkk vkoklh;
{ks=kksa ls 9 çfr'kr çnw"k.k iQSyrk gSA
¥ iM+kslh jkT;ksa iatkc] gfj;k.kk vkSj mÙkj
çns'k esa iQly ds vo'ks"k ,oa pkoy ds
Hkwls tyk,a tkrs gSaA iatkc esa /ku dh
vDVwcj esa dVkbZ ds ckn fdlkuksa ds ikl
xsgwa dh cqvkbZ ds fy, egt nks lIrkg dk
le; cprk gSA ijkyh dks dVkus ij fdlku
dks le; vkSj iSls dk nksgjk uqdlku gksrk
gSA ,sls esa fdlku ds ikl /ku dh ijkyh
ds rRdky fuLrkj.k dk ,dek=k fodYi
bls tykuk gh cprk gSA
¥ egaxh Mhty xkfM+;ksa ls fudyus okyk
dkyk /qvka dks jk"Vªh; i;kZoj.k bathfu;fjax
vuqla/ku laLFkku (NEERI) us fnYyh ds
c
15 uoEcj&2020 N vad 03www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
egRoiw.kZ czsu cwLVlZ7
ifCyd viQs;j baMsDl (ih,vkbZ)&202001
1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ csaxyq# ls lapkfyr xSj ykHkdkjh laxBu ifCyd viQs;j lsaVj (ih,lh) us gky gh esa viuh okf"kZd fjiksVZ ifCyd viQs;j baMsDl (ih,vkbZ)& 2020 tkjh dh gSA
3- ifCyd viQs;j baMsDl (ih,vkbZ)&2020 ls tqM+s egRoiw.kZ rF; ¾ ifCyd viQs;j baMsDl (PAI) Hkkjr ds jkT;ksa dks ogk¡ ds lq'kklu ds vk/kj ij jSafdax çnku djus ds fy, ,d MsVk&lapkfyr eap gSA
¾ ifCyd viQs;j baMsDl esa lq'kklu dk vkdyu lrr fodkl ds lanHkZ esa rhu vk/kjks a lekurk] fodkl vkSj fujarjrk ds vk/kj ij fd;k x;kA
¾ ifCyd viQs;j lsaVj (ih,lh) }kjk tkjh ifCyd viQs;j baMsDl (ih,vkbZ)&2020 ds vuqlkj cM+s jkT;ksa dh Js.kh esa dsjy ns'k dk lcls lq'kkflr jkT; gS tcfd mÙkj çns'k lcls fupys ik;nku ij gSA
4- cM+s jkT;ksa dh jSafdax ¾ bl baMsDl ds vuqlkj lq'kklu ds lanHkZ esa cM+s jkT;ksa dh Js.kh esa 'kh"kZ pkj jSadksa ij nf{k.kh jkT; dkfct gS&
( dsjy (1-388 vad)] ( rfeyukMq (0-912)] ( vka/z çns'k (0-531) ( dukZVd (0-468)
¾ ogha cM+s jkT;ksa dh Js.kh esa uhps ds rhu jkT; gSa& ( mÙkj çns'k (&1-461)] ( vksfM'kk (&1-201) ( fcgkj (&1-158)
¾ NksVs jkT;ksa dh jSafdax ( NksVs jkT;ksa dh Js.kh esa xksok dks 1-745 ih,vkbZ ds lkFk 'kh"kZ jSafdax feyh gSA blds ckn es?kky; (0-797)] vkSj fgekpy çns'k (0-725) dk LFkku gSA
( bl Js.kh esa lcls •jkc çn'kZu ef.kiqj (&0-363)] fnYyh (&0-289) vkSj mÙkjk•aM (&0-277) dk gSA ¾ dsaæ'kkflr çns'k
( ifCyd viQs;j baMsDl ds vuqlkj 1-05 vadksa ds lkFk paM+hx
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
16 uoEcj&2020 N vad 03
de ukekadu okys fo|ky;ksa dk foy;02
1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa tc egkekjh ds chp Ldwyksa dks fiQj ls •ksyus dk fopkj fd;k tk jgk gS] rc vksfM'kk ljdkj us de ukekadu okys 8]000 Ldwyksa ds foy; dks iwjk djus ds fy, 15 ftyksa dks uksfVl tkjh fd;k gSA
2- i`"BHkwfe ¾ ;g Ldwy vkSj ekl f'k{kk foHkkx }kjk ekpZ esa tkjh ,d uksfVl dk vuqlj.k gS] egkekjh vkSj rkykcanh ds dkj.k çfØ;k Bi gks xbZ FkhA
¾ ekpZ esa] jkT; ljdkj us de ukekadu okys 11]517 Ldwyksa ds foy; dh igy dh FkhA bu Ldwyksa esa 6]350 çkFkfed] mPp çkFkfed vkSj mPp fo|ky; 'kkfey Fks] ftuesa 20 ls de Nk=k vkSj 5]177 Ldwy gSa] ftuesa 40 ls de Nk=k gSaA
¾ gkfy;k uksfVl] gkykafd] dsoy mu Ldwyksa ds fy, foy; esa rsth ykus dk funZs'k nsrk gS ftuds ikl 20 ls de Nk=k gSaA igys ls lwphc¼ 6]350 Ldwyksa ds vykok] Ldwy vkSj ekl f'k{kk foHkkx us foy; ds fy, 20 ls de Nk=kksa okys 2]000 vkSj Ldwyksa dh igpku dh gSA
3- foy; dk fØ;kUo;u ¾ foy; dks NITI Aayog ds lLVsuscy ,D'ku iQkWj VªkaliQkWfeZax áweu dSfiVy bu ,tqds'ku (SATH-E) çkstsDV ds rgr fd;k tk jgk gS] vkSj bls Ldwyksa ds lesdu vkSj ;qfÙkQdj.k dh laKk nh xbZ gSA
¾ 2017 esa] vksfM'kk >kj•aM vkSj eè; çns'k ds lkFk&lkFk rhu jkT;ksa esa ls ,d Fkk] ftUgsa ,l,Vh,p&bZ ds rgr vius LokLF; vkSj f'k{kk {ks=kks a esa lq/kj ds fy, lgk;rk çnku djus ds
fy, ,uvkbZVhvkbZ;ksx }kjk pquk x;k FkkA
¾ bldk mís'; çkFkfed ,oa ekè;fed fo|ky; f'k{kk dks y{;&lapkfyr vH;kl ds ekè;e ls cnyuk vkSj f'k{kk ds fy;s jksy ekWMy jkT; cukuk gSA
¾ bl igy dk lekiu o"kZ 2020 ds 'kS{kf.kd o"kZ ds var esa gksxkA
¾ fo|ky;ksa dk foy; lkFk&bZ (SATH-E) ifj;kstuk ds y{;ksa dks çkIr djus ds fy;s fd;s x, mik;ksa esa ls ,d gS D;ksafd bl çfØ;k esa f'k{kdksa] iqLrdky;ksa] ç;ksx'kkykvksa vkSj •syus ds midj.k
tSls lesfdr lalk/uksa dh lgk;rk ds fy;s vf/Ñr fd;k tkrk gSA
4- fojks/ D;ksa \ ¾ jkT; Hkj ds ekrk&firk vkSj dk;ZdrkZvksa us bl dne dk fojks/ fd;k gSA dk;ZdrkZvksa us rdZ fn;k gS fd Ldwyksa dks can djuk ;k foy; djuk vkjVhbZ vf/fu;e dh /kjk 3 vkSj 8 dk mYya?ku gSA Ldwyksa esa ls vf/dka'k igkM+h bykdksa esa vkfnoklh csYV ls gSaA
¾ ,d xk¡o esa Ldwyksa dks can djus ls dsoy MªkWivkmV nj esa o`f¼ gksxh D;ksafd blesa Nk=kksa dks Ldwy tkus ds fy, nwj dh ;k=kk djuk laHko ugha gksxkA Ldwyksa dks can djus ls igys HkkSxksfyd ck/kvksa ij Hkh fopkj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
¾ ekrk&firk bl ckr ls Hkh fpafrr gSa fd vxj muds cPps fo|ky; ugha tkrs gSa rks cPpksa dks feM&Ms ehy ls Hkh oafpr dj fn;k tk,xkA
5- foy; ds ckn nh tkus okyh lqfo/k ¾ foHkkx ds vf/dkfj;ksa ds vuqlkj] ftu Nk=kksa dks nwj ds Ldwy dh ;k=kk djuh gksxh] mUgsa 20 #i;s dk nSfud HkÙkk çnku fd;k tk,xk
¾ can gksus okys Ldwyksa ds Nk=kksa dks 3]000 #i;s dk ,deq'r lqfo/k HkÙkk çnku fd;k tk,xkA
¾ ;fn Ldwy ls nwjh 1 fdeh ls vf/d gS] rks Nk=kksa dks f'k{kk dk vf/dkj (vkjVhbZ) ekunaMksa ds vuqlkj ;k=kk HkÙkk çnku fd;k tk,xkA
17 uoEcj&2020 N vad 03www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
eqcabZ rV ls dksjy dk gLrkarj.k03
1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa eqacbZ uxj fuxe dks 12] 700 djksM+ #i;s dh eqqacbZ rVh; lM+d ifj;kstuk ds fy, izoky (Coral) dks ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku ij gLrkarfjr djus ds fy, ukxiqj ds eq[; ouj{kd ls eatwjh fey x;h gSA
¾ BMC dk y{; vxys eghus nks fnuksa esa 18 dksjy dkyksfu;ksa ds vuqokn dks iwjk djuk gSA
2- D;k gksrk gS çoky ¾ dksjy ;k çoky mFkys lkxj esa ik, tkrs gSa vkSj buds fodkl ds fy;s LoPN ,oa volknjfgr ty vko';d gS] D;ksafd volknksa ds dkj.k çokyksa dk eq• can gks tkrk gS vkSj os ej tkrs gSaA
¾ çoky ;k dksjYl iQksVksflaFksfVd 'kSoky ds lkFk ikjLifjd :i ls lkFk esa jgrs gSa] ftls twtSUFksyk dgk tkrk gSA
¾ dksjy (ewaxk) çoky fHkfÙk;ksa ds fy, ,d etcwr dSfY'k;e dkckZsusV lajpuk cukrs gSa vkSj twtSUFksyk ds fy, lqj{kk vkSj ,d ?kj çnku djrs gSaA blds cnys es twtSUFksyk ewaxk dks iks"kd rRo çnku djrs gSaA
¾ tc egklkxj dh lrg ,d lhek ls vf/d xje gks tkrh gS] rc dksjy twtSUFksyk dks ckgj fudky nsrk gS] ftlls çoky fojatu ;k dksjy Cyhfpax dh ?kVuk gksrh gSA
¾ vesfjdh oSKkfud ,tsalh] us'kuy vks'kfud ,aM ,VekWLiQsfjd ,MfefuLVªs'ku (,uvks,,) ds vuqlkj] çtkfr;ka ftl nj ls c
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
18 uoEcj&2020 N vad 03
jk"Vªh; ekulwu fe'ku vkSj mPp fu"iknu dEI;wfVax fuos'k fjiksVZ04
1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa dsaæh; foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh] LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k vkSj i`Foh foKku ea=kh MkW- g"kZo/Zu us ^ekulwu fe'ku vkSj mPp fu"iknu dEI;wfVax (,pihlh) lqfo/kvksa esa fuos'k ds vkfFkZd ykHk dk vuqeku* us'kuy dkmafly vkWiQ ,IykbM bdksukWfed fjlpZ (,ulh,bZvkj) dh fjiksVZ tkjh dhA
2- i`"BHkwfe ¾ i`Foh foKku ea=kky; us 'kks/ iQeZ us'kuy dkmafly vkWiQ ,IykbM bdksukWfed fjlpZ deh'ku (National Council of Applied Economic Research) dh vksj ls ;g vè;uu djk;k x;kA ,ulh,bZvkj ,d Lora=k] xSj ykHkdkjh vkfFkZd uhfr vuqla/ku fFkad VSad gS tks ubZ fnYyh esa fLFkr gSA
¾ ,ulh,bZvkj vè;;u 3]965 iQly fdlkuksa] 757 leqæh eNqvkjksa vkSj 1]376 i'kq/u ekfydksa lfgr 6]098 mÙkjnkrkvksa ds vkeus&lkeus ds loZs{k.k ij vk/kfjr gSA
3- fjiksVZ ds çeq• fcanq fuEu gSa ¾ bl fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj jk"Vªh; ekulwu fe'ku vkSj mPp&çn'kZu dEI;wfVax (,pihlh) lqfoèkkvksa esa Hkkjr ds yxHkx 1]000 djksM+ #i;s ds fuos'k ls ns'k ds xjhch js•k ls uhps jgus okys (chih,y) 1-07 djksM+ Ñ"kd ifjokjks a vkSj 53 yk• chih,y eNqvkjks a ds ifjokjks a dks yxHkx 50 gtkj djksM+ #i;s dk ykHk feysxkA
¾ 2015 ls fdlkuksa vkSj eNqvkjks a dks ekSle dh Hkfo";ok.kh lsokvksa ds mi;ksx ls lkykuk yxHkx 19]000 djksM+ #i;s dk vkfFkZd ykHk gqvk gSA
¾ vf/dka'k fdlkuksa vkSj i'kq/u ekfydksa us ekSle laca/h ijke'kZ dk ldkjkRed çHkko iM+us dh iqf"V dhA
¾ bl fjiksVZ esa Ñf"k vkSj i'kq/u fdlkuksa ds fy, çfro"kZ yxHkx 13 gtkj djksM+ #i;s dk vuqekfur vk; ykHk n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
¾ blds vykok] vxys ikap o"kks ± esa yxHkx 48 gtkj djksM+ #i;s ds c
19 uoEcj&2020 N vad 03www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
eSU;qiQSDpfjax ipZsftax eSustlZ baMsDl05
1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ vkbZ,p,l ekfdZV eSU;qiQSDpfjax ih,evkbZ (IHS
Markit PMI) loZs ds vuqlkj
ns'k dh fofuekZ.k xfrfof/;ksa
(Manufacturing activities)
esa yxkrkj lq/kj gks jgk
gSA fcØh esa lq/kj ds chp
daifu;ksa ds mRiknu esa 13
lkyksa esa (vDVwcj] 2007 ds
ckn) lcls rst o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
2- çeq• fcUnq ¾ vkbZ,p,l ekfdZV bafM;k dk fofuekZ.k •jhn çca/d lwpdkad (Purchasing Managers' Index) vDVwcj esa c
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
20 uoEcj&2020 N vad 03
fe'ku lkxj& II 06
1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ Hkkjrh; ukSlsuk tgkt ,sjkor us 02 uoacj 2020 dks iksVZ lwMku esa ços'k fd;kA Hkkjr
ljdkj çkÑfrd vkinkvksa vkSj dksfoM&19
egkekjh ls mcjus esa fe=k ns'kksa dks lgk;rk
çnku dj jgh gSA blh ds vuq:i] vkbZ,u,l
,sjkor lwMku ds yksxksa ds fy, 100 Vu
•k|kUu lgk;rk dh ,d •si ysdj x;h gSA
2- çeq• fcUnq ¾ fe'ku lkxj&II] ebZ&twu 2020 esa laiUu fd, x, çFke ̂ fe'ku lkxj* dk vuqlj.k djrk gSA çFke ^fe'ku lkxj* ds rgr Hkkjr us ekynho] ekWjh'kl] ls'ksYl]
esMkxkLdj vkSj dkseksjksl dks •k| lgk;rk vkSj nokb;ka çnku dh FkhaA
¾ fe'ku lkxj&II ds ,d vax ds :i esa] Hkkjrh; ukSlsuk tgkt ,sjkor lwMku] nf{k.k lwMku] ftcwrh vkSj bfjfVª;k dks •k|kUu lgk;rk igqapk,xkA
¾ fe'ku lkxj&II] ^lkxj* {ks=k esa lHkh ds fy, lqj{kk vkSj fodkl ds ç/kuea=kh ds n`f"Vdks.k ds vuq:i gSA ;g fe'ku Hkkjr }kjk vius leqæh iM+ksfl;ksa ds lkFk
laca/ksa ds egRo dks js•kafdr djrk gS vkSj ekStwnk ca/u dks vkSj vf/d etcwr
djrk gSA
¾ j{kk ,oa fons'k ea=kky; vkSj Hkkjr ljdkj dh vU; ,tsafl;ksa ds lkFk utnhdh leUo; LFkkfir djrs gq, Hkkjrh; ukSlsuk bl fe'ku dks vkxs ckSrs ds ekè;e ls tqykbZ 1982
esa vfLrRo esa vk;kA tuojh 1984 esa {ks=kh;
lg;ksx fodflr djus ds fy;s ,d lkekU;
le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj fd, x,A Úkal vkSj
dkseksjks }hi lewg tuojh 1986 esa bl
vk;ksx ds iw.kZ lnL; cusA
¾ fgUn egklkxj ns'kks a ds chp lHkh {ks=kks a esa] fo'ks"kdj vkfFkZd fodkl ds {ks=k esa]
{ks=kh; lg;ksx la?kfVr vkSj fodflr djuk
vkbZvkslh dk eq[; mís'; gSAgky gh esa]
Hkkjr dks nf{k.k&if'peh fgan egklkxj
esa leqæh 'kklu dk leUo; djus okys
varj&ljdkjh laxBu] fgan egklkxj vk;ksx
ds i;Zos{kd ds :i esa vuqeksfnr fd;k
x;k gSA
21 uoEcj&2020 N vad 03www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
cka/ iquokZl vkSj lq/kj ifj;kstuk07
1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa dsaæh; eaf=keaMy us cka/ iquokZl vkSj lq/kj ifj;kstuk (MhvkjvkbZih) ds nwljs
o rhljs pj.k dks eatwjh ns nhA blds rgr
vkxkeh 10 o"kks± esa 19 jkT;ksa ds 736 cka/ksa
dh lqj{kk vkSj ifjpkyu dks csgrj cukus dk
dke fd;k tk,xkA
2- çeq• fcUnq ¾ bl ifj;kstuk ds nk;js esa 'kq#vkr esa 19 jkT; vkSj 3 dsaæh; ,tsafl;ka vk,axhA blds vfrfjÙkQ 10 o"kks ± dh dk;kZUo;u vof/ ds fy, 10]211 djksM+ #i;s dk
ctV ifjO;; r; fd;k x;k gSA
¾ ;g ;kstuk nks pj.kks a esa ykxw dh tk,xh] çR;sd pj.k 6 o"kZ dh vof/ ds gksaxs] buesa 2 o"kZ dk vksojySi gksxkA ;g dk;ZØe cka/ksa ds csgrj lapkyu ds fy,
çf'kf{kr vkSj dq'ky Je'kfÙkQ dh miyC/rk lqfuf'pr djus ds mís'; ls çeq•
cka/ksa ds iquokZl ds lkFk&lkFk cka/ lapkydksa dh {kerk fuekZ.k ds fy, /u
miyC/ djk,xkA
3- mís'; ¾ laifÙk çca/u vkSj lqj{kk ds fygkt ls cka/ cgqr egRoiw.kZ gSaA foyafcr j•j•ko vkSj nwljh budh ejEer tSls leL;kvksa ds dkj.k] ukdke gksus dh
fLFkfr esa bu cka/ksa ds lkFk tksf•e tqM+s gq, gSaA
¾ ekuo thou vkSj laifÙk ds uqdlku vkSj ikfjfLFkfrdh dks uqdlku ds ekeys esa cka/ dh ukdkeh ds ifj.kke Hk;kog gks ldrs gSaA MhvkjvkbZih dk;ZØe ds
igys pj.k ls ç.kkyh O;kih çca/u n`f"Vdks.k ds tfj, laLFkkxr etcwrh ds
lkFk] pqfuank cka/ksa dh lqj{kk vkSj lapkyu çn'kZu esa lq/kj vk;kA bl pj.k esa
lkr jkT;ksa ds 223 cka/ 'kkfey FksA bl dk;ZØe us ns'k esa cka/ lqj{kk ds iwjs
rkSj rjhds dks etcwr fd;kA
¾ ;g ;kstuk fo'ks"k :i ls cka/ dh ukdkeh ds tksf•e dks de djus vkSj yksxks a] unh dh ikfjfLFkfrdh vkSj bu pqfuank cka/ksa dh fupyh ty/kjk ds ikl fLFkr
laifÙk dh lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djus ij dsafær gSA lkFk gh blesa lajpukRed vkSj
xSj&lajpukRed mik;ksa tSls iquokZl] lapkyu vkSj j•j•ko eSuqvy dh rS;kjh]
vkikrdkyhu dk;Z ;kstuk] vyhZ okfuZax flLVe vkSj dbZ vU; mik;ksa ij Hkh
è;ku fn;k x;k gSA
¾ bu pqfuank cka/ksa ls tqM+h LokLF; vkSj lqj{kk fparkvksa ij è;ku nsus ls bu pqfuank tyk'k;ksa dh vk;q vkSj c
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
22 uoEcj&2020 N vad 03
iz- fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&
1. de ukekadu okys fo|ky;ksa ds foy; dks uhfr vk;ksx ds lLVsuscy ,D'ku iQkWj VªkaliQkfe±x áweu dSfiVy bu ,tqds'ku izkstsDV ds rgr fd;k tk jgk gSA
2. bl igy dk lekiu o"kZ 2021 ds 'kS{kf.kd o"kZ ds var esa gksxkA
3. bl igy ds rgr can gksus okys Ldwyksa ds Nk=kksa dks 3]000 #i;sa dk ,deq'r lqfo/k HkÙkk iznku fd;k tk,xkA
mi;qZDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (d) mi;qZDr lHkh
mÙkj% (c)
de ukekadu okys fo|ky;ksa dk foy;02
ifCyd viQs;j baMsDl (ih,vkbZ)01
iz- fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&
1- ifCyd viQs;j lsaVj Hkkjr esa lrr fodkl y{;ksa ij dsfUnzr dk;Zokfg;ksa ij vuqla/ku esa layXu laLFkk gSA
2- ifCyd viQs;j baMsDl ds vuqlkj lq'kklu ds lanHkZ esa cM+s jkT;ksa dh Js.kh esa 'kh"kZ LFkku dsjy dks izkIr gqvk gSA
mi;qZDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (d) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
mÙkj% (c)
O;k[;k% csaxyq# esa lapkfyr xSj ykHkdkjh laxBu ifCyd viQs;j lsaVj us gky gh esa viuh okf"kZd fjiksVZ ifCyd viQs;j baMsDl 2020 tkjh dh gSA ifCyd viQs;j lsaVj Hkkjr esa lrr fodkl y{;ksa ij dsfUnzr dk;Zokfg;ksa ij vuqla/ku esa layXu laLFkk gSA ifCyd viQs;j baMsDl ds vuqlkj lq'kklu ds lanHkZ esa cM+s jkT;ksa dh Js.kh esa 'kh"kZ LFkku dsjy dks izkIr gqvk gSA bl rjg nksuksa dFku lgh gS] vr% mÙkj (c) gksxkA
oLrqfu"B iz'u rFkk muds O;k[;k lfgr mÙkj
(czsu cwLVlZ ij vk/kfjr)7
eqcabZ rV ls dksjy dk gLrkarj.k03
O;k[;k% de ukekadu okys fo|ky;ksa ds foy; dks uhfr vk;ksx ds lLVsuscy ,D'ku iQkWj VªkWliQkfe±x áweu dSfiVy bu ,tqds'ku izkstsDV ds rgr fd;k tk jgk gSA bl igy dk lekiu o"kZ 2020 ds 'kS{kf.kd o"kZ ds var esa gksxkA bl igy ds rgr can gksus okys Ldwyksa ds Nk=kksa dks 3000 #i;s dk ,deq'r lqfo/k HkÙkk iznku fd;k tk,xkA bl rjg dFku 2 xyr gS] vr% mÙkj (c) gksxkA
iz- dksjy ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&
1. dksjy ;k izoky mFkys lkxj esa ik;s tkrs gSaA
2. tc egklkxj dh lrg ,d lhek ls vf/d xeZ gks tkrh gS] rc dksjy U;wtSUFksyk dks ckgj fudky nsrk gS] ftlls izoky fojatu ;k dksjy Cyhfpax dh ?kVuk gksrh gSA
mi;qZDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (d) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
mÙkj% (c)
O;k[;k% dksjy ;k izoky mFkys lkxj esa ik;s tkrs gSaA tc egklkxj dh lrg ,d lhek ls vf/d xeZ gks tkrh gS] rc dksjy U;wtSUFksyk dks ckgj fudky nsrk gS] ftlls izoky fojatu ;k dksjy Cyhfpax dh ?kVuk gksrh gSA bl rjg nksuksa dFku lgh gS] vr% mÙkj (c) gksxkA
jk"Vªh; ekulwu fe'ku vkSj mPp fu"iknu dEI;wfVax fuos'k fjiksVZ
04
iz- fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&
1. bl fjiksVZ esa Ñf"k vkSj i'kq/u fdlkuksa ds fy, izfro"kZ yxHkx 13 gtkj djksM+ #i;s dk vuqekfur vk; ykHk n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
2. o"kZ 2012 esa i`Foh foKku ea=kky; us jk"Vªh; ekulwu fe'ku ykWUp fd;k FkkA
3- bldk mís'; y?kq] eè;e vkSj yach nwjh ds iwokZuqekuksa ds fy, ,d vfr vk/qfud xfr'khy ekulwu Hkfo";ok.kh iz.kkyh fodflr djuk FkkA
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iz- fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&
1. ipsZftax eSustlZ baMsDl (ih,evkbZ) dk eq[; mís'; bdksukWeh ds ckjs esa iq"V tkudkjh dks vkf/dkfjd vkadM+ksa ls Hkh igys miyC/ djkuk gSA
2. ih,evkbZ dh 'kCnkoyh esa baMsDl ds 100 ls Åij jgus dk eryc ;g gksrk gS fd lacaf/r m|ksx esa fodkl gqvk gSA
3- ipsZftax eSustlZ baMsDl (ih,evkbZ) eSU;qiQSDpfjax lsDVj dh vkfFkZd lsgr dks ekius dk ,d ladsrd gSA
mi;qZDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (d) mi;qZDr lHkh
mÙkj% (c)
O;k[;k% ipsZftax eSustlZ baMsDl (ih,evkbZ) dk eq[; mís'; bdksukWeh ds ckjs esa iq"V tkudkjh dks vkf/dkfjd vkadM+ksa ls Hkh igys miyC/ djkuk gSA ipsZftax eSustlZ baMsDl (ih,evkbZ) eSU;qiQSDpfjax lsDVj dh vkfFkZd lsgr dks ekius dk ,d ladsrd gSA ih,evkbZ dh 'kCnkoyh esa baMsDlu ds 50 (u fd 100)ls Åij jgus dk eryc ;g gksrk gS fd lacaf/r m|ksx esa fodkl gqvk gSA bl rjg dFku 2 xyr gS] vr% mÙkj (c) gksxkA
fe'ku lkxj& II06
eSU;qiQSDpfjax ipZsftax eSustlZ baMsDl
05
cka/ iquokZl vkSj lq/kj ifj;kstuk07
iz- fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&
1- cka/ iquokZl vkSj lq/kj ifj;kstuk ds izR;sd pj.k 6 o"kZ dh
vof/ ds gksaxsA
2- ;g ifj;kstuk fo'ks"k :i ls cka/ dh ukdkeh ds tksf[ke dks
de djus vkSj unh dh ikfjfLFkfrdh dh lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djus
ij dsfUnzr gSA
3- Hkkjrh; cka/ vkSj tyk'k; lkykuk yxHkx 3000 vjc D;wfcd
ehVj ikuh dk HkaMkj.k djrs gSaA
mi;qZDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (d) mi;qZDr lHkh
mÙkj% (d)
O;k[;k% cka/ iquokZl vkSj lq/kj ifj;kstuk ds izR;sd pj.k 6 o"kZ
dh vof/ ds gksaxsA ;g ifj;kstuk fo'ks"k :i ls cka/ dh ukdkeh ds
tksf[ke dks de djus vkSj unh dh ikfjfLFkfrdh dh lqj{kk lqfuf'pr
djus ij dsfUnzr gSA Hkkjrh; cka/ vkSj tyk'k; lkykuk yxHkx 3000
vjc D;wfcd ehVj ikuh dk HkaMkj.k djrs gSaA bl rjg rhuksa dFku lgh
gSa] vr% mÙkj (d) gksxkA
lll
lll
mi;qZDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (d) mi;qZDr lHkh
mÙkj% (d)
O;k[;k% bl fjiksVZ esa Ñf"k vkSj i'kq/u fdlkuksa ds fy, izfro"kZ yxHkx 13 gtkj djksM+ #i;s dk vuqekfur vk; ykHk n'kkZ;k x;k gSA o"kZ 2012 esa i`Foh foKku ea=kky; us jk"Vªh; ekulwu fe'ku ykWUp fd;k FkkA bldk mís'; y?kq] eè;e vkSj yach nwjh ds iwokZuqekuksa ds fy, ,d vfr vk/qfud xfr'khy ekulwu Hkfo";ok.kh iz.kkyh fodflr djuk FkkA bl rjg rhuksa dFku lgh gSaA vr% mÙkj (d) gksxkA
2. fgUn egklkxj vk;ksx fgUn egklkxjh; ns'kksa esMkxkLdj]
ekWjh'kl vkSj lks'ksYl ds eè; gq, ,d le>kSrs ds ekè;e ls
tqykbZ 1982 esa vfLrRo esa vk;kA
mi;qZDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (d) bueas ls dksbZ ugha
mÙkj% (c)
O;k[;k% o"kZ 2015 esa Hkkjr dh lkxj ;kstuk (flD;ksfjVh ,saM xzksFk
vkWiQ vkWy bu n jhtu&SAGAR) dks ls'ksYl esa ykWUp fd;k FkkA fgUn
egklkxj vk;ksx fgUn egklkxjh; ns'kksa esMkxkLdj] ekWjh'kl vkSj lks'ksYl
ds eè; gq, ,d le>kSrs ds ekè;e ls tqykbZ 1982 esa vfLrRo esa vk;kA
bl rjg nksuksa dFku lgh gS] vr% mÙkj (c) gksxkA
iz- fe'ku lkxj&II ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&
1. o"kZ 2015 esa Hkkjr dh lkxj ;kstuk (flD;ksfjVh ,saM xzksFk vkWiQ vkWy bu n jhtu&SAGAR) dks ls'ksYl esa ykWUp fd;k FkkA
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
24 uoEcj&2020 N vad 03
,aVh lSVsykbV felkby01
ppkZ esa D;ksa
¥ gky gh esa j{kk ea=kh Jh jktukFk flag us
MhvkjMhvks Hkou ds ifjlj esa LFkkfir ,aVh
lSVsykbV (,&lSV) felkby ds ekWMy dk
vukoj.k fd;kA
,aVh&lSVsykbV felkby
¥ ,aVh&lSVsykbV (A-SAT) felkby ,d ,slk
gfFk;kj gksrk gS tks fdlh Hkh ns'k ds
lkefjd o lSU; mís';ksa ds fy, mixzgksa dks
fuf"Ø; djus ;k u"V djus ds fy, fMtkbu
fd;k tkrk gSA
¥ vkt rd fdlh Hkh ;q¼ esa bl rjg ds
gfFk;kjksa dk mi;ksx ugha fd;k x;k gSA
ysfdu] dbZ ns'k varfj{k esa viuh {kerkvksa
dk çn'kZu vkSj vius varfj{k dk;ZØe dks
fuckZ/ xfr ls tkjh j•us ds fy, bl rjg
dh felkby flLVe dks t:jh ekurs gSaA
¥ Hkkjr esa bl felkby dk fodkl MhvkjMhvks
vkSj bljks us feydj fd;k gSA
¥ ,aVh&lSVsykbV felkby flLVe] vfXu
felkby vkSj ,MokaLM ,;j fMiQsal flLVe
dk feJ.k gSA
¥ ;g baVjlsIVj felkby nks lkWfyM jkWdsV cwLVjksa lfgr rhu pj.kksa okyh felkbyksa ç.kkyh ls ySl gSA
fe'ku 'kfÙkQ
¥ fe'ku 'kfÙkQ Hkkjr dk igyk ,aVh&lSVsykbV (,&lSV) felkby VsLV Fkk] ftldk 27
ekpZ] 2019 dks mM+hlk ds MkW-
,ih-ts vCnqy dyke }hi ls
liQyrkiwoZd lapkyu fd;k
x;k FkkA
¥ ;gka fuEu&Hkw&d{kk (LEO) esa
,d rsth ls ifjØek dj jgs
y{; Hkkjrh; mixzg dks fcuk
fdlh pwd ds lVhdrk ds
lkFk fuf"Ø; fd;k x;k FkkA
¥ ;g ,d dkiQh tfVy fe'ku
Fkk] ftls mYys•uh; lVhdrk
ds lkFk vR;ar mPp xfr ij lapkfyr fd;k
x;k FkkA
¥ ^fe'ku 'kfÙkQ* dh liQyrk us Hkkjr dks iwjh
nqfu;k esa ,slk pkSFkk ns'k cuk fn;k] tks cká
varfj{k esa viuh laifÙk;ksa dh j{kk djus
esa leFkZ gSA
¥ ,aVh&lSVsykbV felkby {kerk okys vU; rhu
ns'k phu] vesfjdk vkSj :l gSaA
egRoiw.kZ [kcjsa7
dsaæh; lwpuk vk;ksx vkSj Cyw LVkj vkWijs'ku02
ppkZ esa D;ksa
¥ gky gh esa dsaæh; lwpuk vk;ksx (lhvkbZlh)
us 1984 esa iatkc ds Lo.kZ eafnj esa Cyw
LVkj vkWijs'ku ds nkSjku dsaæh; ,tsafl;ksa
}kjk tCr fd, x, nLrkostksa vkSj dherh
lkexzh dh lwph nsus ls dsaæ ljdkj ds
budkj dks lgh Bgjk;k gSA
ifjp;
¥ lwpuk dk vf/dkj (Right to Information-
RTI) vf/fu;e] 2005 ds rgr ,d
vkjVhvkbZ dk;ZdrkZ us Hkkjr ljdkj ds x`g
ea=kky; ls mu lHkh oLrqvksa dh lwph vkSj
mudh orZeku fLFkfr ds ckjs esa tkudkjh
ekaxh Fkh] tks 1984 esa iatkc ds Lo.kZ eafnj
esa Cyw LVkj vkWijs'ku dh dkjZokbZ ds nkSjku dsaæh; ,tsafl;ksa }kjk tCr dh xbZ FkhA
¥ blds vfrfjÙkQ] vkjVhvkbZ vkosnudrkZ us Cyw LVkj vkWijs'ku ls lacaf/r lHkh nLrkostksa vkSj bl dkjZokbZ ds nkSjku ekjs x, yksxksa dh lwph dh Hkh ekax dh FkhA
x`g ea=kky; dk tokc
¥ Hkkjr ljdkj ds x`g ea=kky; us tCr dh
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xbZ oLrqvksa dh foLr`r lwph vkSj fooj.k dks nsus ls budkj dj fn;kA x`g ea=kky; us lwpuk dk vf/dkj vf/fu;e dh /kjk 8] 1(,) dk gokyk nsrs gq, tkudkjh nsus ls euk dj fn;kA
¥ xkSjryc gS fd mÙkQ /kjk ds rgr Hkkjr dh laçHkqrk vkSj v•aMrk] jkT; dh lqj{kk] j.kuhfrd] oSKkfud ;k vkfFkZd fgr] vijk/ dks c
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
26 uoEcj&2020 N vad 03
¥ MªkÝV bZ,l, ds varxZr 'kkfey {ks=k esa lHkh çdkj dh •uu xfrfof/;ksa] FkeZy ikoj IykaV vkSj vR;f/d çnw"k.kdkjh m|ksxksa dks vuqefr ugha nh tk,xhA
¥ ekStwnk •kuksa dks vafre vf/lwpuk tkjh djus ;k ekStwnk •uu iêðs dh lekfIr ij] tks Hkh igys gks] ls ikap lky ds Hkhrj pj.kc¼ rjhds ls can fd;k tk,xkA
¥ lHkh u, jsM Js.kh ds m|ksxksa vkSj ,sls ekStwnk m|ksxksa ds foLrkj ij çfrca/ yxk fn;k tk,xkA
¥ vU; çdkj dh ifj;kstuk,¡ vkSj xfrfof/;k¡] tSls tyfo|qr la;a=kksa dk lapkyu] vkSj bZ,l, ds varxZr vkus okys ukjaxh *Js.kh ds m|ksxksa dks l[rh ls fofu;fer fd;k tk,xkA
¥ 20]000 oxZ ehVj vkSj mlls vf/d ds fufeZr {ks=k ds lkFk Hkou vkSj fuekZ.k dh ubZ foLrkj ifj;kstuk,a Hkh fuf"k¼ gksaxhA
if'peh ?kkV ikfjfLFkfrdh fo'ks"kK lfefr
¥ i;kZoj.k ea=kky; us 2010 esa ek/o xkMfxy dh vè;{krk esa ,d if'peh ?kkV ikfjfLFkfrdh fo'ks"kK lfefr (MCY;wthbZbZih) dk xBu fd;k FkkA
¥ bl lfefr dk mís'; if'peh ?kkV ds laj{k.k ds fy;s j.kuhfr cukuk vkSj muds LFkkf;Ro ds igyw ij T;knk tksj nsuk FkkA
¥ lfefr us 2011 esa viuh fjiksVZ nh FkhA ftlesa if'peh ?kkV lhek ds 142 rkyqdksa dks rhu ikfjfLFkfrd :i ls laosnu'khy {ks=kksa (bZ,ltsM) esa oxhZÑr fd;k x;k FkkA
¥ bl lfefr us fliQkfj'k ds vuqlkj ikfjfLFkfrd :i ls laosnu'khy {ks=k 1 esa
cM+s iSekus ij HkaMkj {kerk okys fdlh u,
cka/ dh vuqefr ugha gSA
¥ xksok ds fy,] lfefr us bZ,ltsM 1 vkSj 2
esa •uu ds fy, ubZ i;kZoj.kh; eatwjh ij
vfuf'prdkyhu LFkxu dk lq>ko fn;k FkkA
¥ bZ,ltsM 1 vkSj 2 esa dks;yk vkèkkfjr
fctyh la;a=kksa lfgr fdlh Hkh u,
çnw"k.kdkjh m|ksxksa dks vuqefr ij çfrca/
yxk;k x;kA
¥ ekStwnk yky vkSj ukjaxh Js.kh ds m|ksxksa dks
2016 rd çnw"k.k dks 'kwU; Lrj ij ykus ds
fy, dgk x;kA
if'peh ?kkV (Western Ghats)
¥ if'peh ?kkV Hkkjr ds 6 jkT;ksa (;Fkk&
rfeyukMq] dukZVd] dsjy] xksok] egkjk"Vª
vkSj xqtjkr) esa rkIrh unh ls ysdj
dU;kdqekjh rd iQSyk gSA
¥ if'peh ?kkV esa nf{k.k&if'pe ekulwu ls
Hkkjh o"kkZ gksrh gSA blfy, ;g Hkkjr ds
o"kZ.k çpqj {ks=kksa esa ls ,d gS vkSj ;gk¡
dkiQh vf/d tSo fofo/rk ik;h tkrh gSA
¥ Hkkjr ds çk;}hi dh tyok;q dks if'peh
?kkV egÙoiw.kZ :i ls çHkkfor djrk gSA
¥ çk;}hih; Hkkjr dk yxHkx laiw.kZ viokg
ra=k if'peh ?kkV ls gh fu;af=kr gksrk gS]
D;ksafd ;gk¡ dh vf/dka'k ufn;ksa dk mn~xe
LFky if'peh ?kkV gh gSA
¥ if'peh ?kkV] iwohZ ?kkV dh vis{kkÑr
vf/d Åaps gSa] blfy, ;s ekulwuh gokvksa
esa vojks/ mRiUu dj o"kkZ djkrs gSaA
¥ if'peh ?kkV ds laj{k.k dks ysdj xkMfxy
vkSj dLrwjhjaxu lfefr (Gadgil and
Kasturirangan Committee) dk xBu fd;k
x;k FkkA ftlus bls rhu i;kZoj.k laosnu'khy
tksu (Ecologically Sensitive Zones- ESZ) esa
ckaVus dk lq>ko fn;k FkkA
¥ blds vfrfjÙkQ lfefr dk vU; çeq• lq>ko
Fkk fd i;kZoj.k laj{k.k vf/fu;e] 1986
ds rgr if'peh ?kkV ikfjfLFkdh çkf/dj.k
(Western Ghats Ecology Authority- WGEA)
dk xBu fd;k tk;sA
¥ Hkkjr esa if'peh ?kkV] tSo fofo/rk dk
,d le`¼ gkWVLikWV gSA ;gk¡ dbZ jk"Vªh;
m|ku vkSj oU;tho vHk;kj.; vofLFkr
gSA
iQkLV jsfM;ks cLVZ (Fast Radio Burst &FRB)04
ppkZ esa D;ksa
¥ uklk (NASA) us vius ,d vè;;u esa crk;k gS fd feYdh os (Milky Way) xSysDlh (galaxy) esa mlus gky gh esa ,Dl&js vkSj jsfM;ks ladsrksa (X-ray and radio signals) dk
feJ.k ns•k gS] tks feYdh os (Milky Way)
esa igys dHkh ugha ns•k x;k FkkA
çeq• fcUnq
¥ gky gh esa uspj (Nature) uked tuZy
journal) esa iQkLV jsfM;ks cLVZ (Fast Radio Burst -FRB) ?kVuk ds lanHkZ esa dbZ 'kksèk&i=k çdkf'kr gq, gSaA
¥ bu 'kks/ i=kksa esa crk;k x;k gS fd uklk (NASA) us vius ,d vè;;u esa feYdh os
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(Milky Way) xSysDlh (galaxy) esa gky gh esa ,Dl&js vkSj jsfM;ks ladsrksa (X-ray and radio signals) dk feJ.k ns•k gSA
¥ ,Dl&js vkSj jsfM;ks ladsrksa dk ,slk feJ.k feYdh os (Milky Way) xSysDlh (galaxy) esa igys dHkh ugha ns•k x;k FkkA
¥ blds vfrfjÙkQ] uklk (NASA) us vius vè;;u esa ;g Hkh ik;k fd bl nkSjku mRiUu gq, Ýys;j&vi (flare-up) esa feYdh os (Milky Way) xSysDlh (galaxy) esa igys gh ns•h x;h iQkLV jsfM;ks cLVZ (Fast Radio Burst -FRB) ?kVuk Hkh 'kkfey FkhA
¥ feYdh os (Milky Way) esa ,Dl&js (X-ray) ds cLVZ (burst) dh ?kVuk dk irk dbZ mixzgksa vkSj fe'kuksa }kjk yxkbZ xbZ gSA blesa uklk dk foaM fe'ku (Wind mission)] dukfM;u gkbMªkstu baVsaflVh eSfiax ,DlisfjesaV (Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Eñperiment -CHIME)] vkfn 'kkfey gSaA
¥ blds vfrfjÙkQ] uklk ds ^loZs iQkj Vªkafl,aV ,LVªksukfedy jsfM;ks ,fe'ku 2* Survey for Transient Astronomical Radio
Emission 2 (STARE2) ds }kjk Hkh ,Dl&js ds cLVZ dh ?kVuk dh iqf"V dh xbZ gSA
iQkLV jsfM;ks cLVZ (Fast Radio Burst -FRB)
¥ feYdh os xSysDlh esa lcls igyh ckj iQkLV jsfM;ks cLVZ (FRB) dh ?kVuk dk irk 2007 esa yxk FkkA
¥ iQkLV jsfM;ks cLVZ (FRB) dh ?kVuk esa ,Dl&js (X-ray) dk cLVZ (burst) dkiQh de le; ds fy, gksrk gS vkSj cgqr rsth ls gksrk gSA ;g cLVZ (burst) cgqr gh czkbV (bright) gksrk gSA
¥ iQkLV jsfM;ks cLVZ (FRB) dh ?kVuk dh vof/ cgqr de (feyhlsdaM&Ldsy) esa gksrh gS] ftlds dkj.k bldk irk yxkuk vkSj vUrfj{k esa bldh fLFkfr fu/kZfjr djuk eqf'dy gSA
¥ o"kZ 2007 esa tc ls oSKkfudksa dks iQkLV jsfM;ks cLVZ dh ?kVuk ds ckjs esa irk pyk gS] rc ls os blds ewy lzksr dks •kstus dh fn'kk esa dke dj jgs gSaA
¥ vUrfj{k esa ,Dl&js (X-ray) •xksyh; fiaMksa }kjk mRiUu dh tkrh gSaA tc •xksyh; fiaM ds pqacdh; {ks=k (magnetic field) esa ifjorZu gksrk gS] rks ,Dl&js (X-ray) mRiUu gksrh gSaA
,lthvkj 1395 esa ,iQvkjch
¥ vçSy] 2020 esa feYdh os esa iQkLV jsfM;ks cLVZ (FRB) ds ,d cgqr 'kfÙkQ'kkyh lzksr dk irk pyk FkkA
¥ ;g 'kfÙkQ'kkyh lzksr ^,lthvkj 1935* ;k ^,lthvkj 1935 $ 2154* ¹SGR 1935 or SGR 1935$2154º uked 'kfÙkQ'kkyh pqacdh; U;wVªkWu rkjk (powerful magnetic neutron) gS] ftls eSxusVj (magnetar) ds :i esa lanfHkZr fd;k tkrk gSA
¥ ;g rkjk oYisdqyk u{k=k (Vulpecula constellation) esa fLFkr gSA
eSxusVj (magnetar)
¥ eSxusVj (magnetar)] ,sls U;wVªkWu rkjs gksrs gSa ftudk pqacdh; {ks=k dkiQh o`gn o 'kfÙkQ'kkyh gksrk gSA
¥ ;s lw;Z dh rqyuk esa dkiQh cM+s rkjs gksrs gSaA
¥ U;wVªkWu rkjs rc curs gSa tc dksbZ fo'kky rkjk (massive star) viuh vafre voLFkk esa gksrk gS vkSj og VwV (collapse) tkrk gSA
¥ U;wVªkWu rkjs rc curs gSa tc fdlh fo'kky rkjs dk dksj xq#Rokd"kZ.k ds iru ls xqtjrk gS tc og vius thou ds var rd igq¡prk gSA
¥ njvly fdlh rkjs esa nks çdkj ds cy dk;Z djrs gSaA çFke] rkjs dk xq#Roh; cy rFkk f}rh; rkjs ds bZa/u (gkbMªkstu rFkk ghfy;e) ls mRiUu gksus okyk jsfM;ks,fDVo cyA
¥ ;fn rkjs dk bZa/u lekIr gks tkrk gS rks vUnj dk jsfM;ks,fDVo foLiQksV] ckgj ls nckus okys xq#Rokd"kZ.k cy dks larqfyr ugha dj ikrk gSA
¥ vr% {k.k Hkj ds vUnj rkjk fldqM+ dj cgqr NksVk gks tkrk gS ijUrq bl vpkud vkSj rhoz laihMu ds dkj.k vUnj dk rkieku vjcksa fMxzh gks tkrk gSA blds dkj.k rkjk esa ,d foLe;dkjh foLiQksV vFkkZr lqijuksok foLiQksV gks tkrk gSA
¥ blls rkjs ds ckgjh rRo fc•j tkrs gSa tcfd dsaæ xq#Rokd"kZ.k ds pyrs vkSj Hkh fldqM+rk tkrk gSA foLiQksV ds ckn tks inkFkZ cprk gS og /hjs&/hjs fleVuk 'kq: gksrk gS vkSj cgqr gh ?kus fiaM dk :i ys ysrk gS ftls U;wVªkWu LVkj dgrs gSaA vxj U;wVªkWu LVkj cgqr fo'kky gS rks xq#Rokd"kZ.k dk ncko bruk gksxk fd og vius gh cks> ls fleVrk pyk tk,xk vkSj bruk ?kuk gks tk,xk fd os ,d CySd gksy cu tk,xkA
feYdh os (Milky Way)
¥ feYdh os (Milky Way)] ml vkdk'kxaxk (xSysDlh) dk uke gS ftlesa gekjk lkSje.My fLFkr gSA
¥ feYdh os (Milky Way) dk vkdkj lfiZykdkj (Likbjy) gSA
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28 uoEcj&2020 N vad 03
Hkkjr ds dslj dk iwokZsÙkj rd foLrkj05
ppkZ esa D;ksa
¥ iwokZsÙkj {ks=k esa dslj mxkus dh O;ogk;Zrk
dk irk yxkus ds fy, mÙkj iwohZ çkS|ksfxdh
vuqç;ksx ,oa çlkj dsaæ (NECTAR) }kjk
ik;yV ifj;kstuk 'kq: dh x;h gSA
D;k gS ik;yV ifj;kstuk
¥ mÙkj iwohZ çkS|ksfxdh vuqç;ksx ,oa çlkj
dsaæ (NECTAR) }kjk flfDde lsaVªy
;wfuoflZVh ds ckWVuh vkSj gkWfVZdYpj
foHkkx ds bl dk;Z esa xq.koÙkk vkSj mPprj
çek=kk ds lkFk] iwokZsÙkj {ks=k esa dslj mxkus
dh O;ogk;Zrk dk irk yxkus ds fy, ,d
ik;yV ifj;kstuk 'kq: dh xbZ gSA
¥ flfDde dsaæh; fo'ofo|ky; ds ckWVuh
vkSj gkWfVZdYpj foHkkx us flfDde ds
;kax;kax dh feêðh vkSj mlds okLrfod
ih,p fLFkfr;ksa dks le>us ds fy, ijh{k.k
fd,A
¥ bl ijh{k.k esa ;gka dh feêðh esa d'ehj
dh dslj mxkus okyh feêðh ds gh leku
xq.k ik;s x, gSaA
¥ ftlds vk/kj ckj foHkkx us d'ehj ds
,d dslj mRiknd vkSj cht@dkWeZ ykdj
;kax;kax esa mls dslj mRiknd ds fy,
fu;ksftr fd;k x;k gSA
Hkkjr esa dslj dh •srh
¥ dslj dk mRiknu yacs le; ls dsUæ
'kkflr çns'k tEew ,oa d'ehj esa ,d
lhfer HkkSxksfyd {ks=k esa fd;k tkrk gSA
¥ Hkkjr esa iaiksj {ks=k dks vkerkSj ij d'ehj
ds dslj ds dVksjs ds :i esa tkuk tkrk
gSA bldk dslj ds mRiknu esa eq[;
;ksxnku gSA
¥ blds ckn cMxke] Jhuxj vkSj fd'rokM+
ftyksa dk LFkku gSA
¥ dslj ikjaifjd :i ls çfl¼ d'ehjh
O;atuksa ds lkFk tqM+k gqvk gSA blds
vkS"k/h; xq.kksa dks d'ehj dh le`¼
lkaLÑfrd fojklr dk fgLlk ekuk tkrk
gSA
jk"Vªh; dslj fe'ku
¥ o"kZ 2010&2011 esa Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk
411 djksM+ #i;s dh ykxr ls jk"Vªh;
dslj fe'ku ifj;kstuk dh 'kq#vkr dh
xbZ FkhA
¥ jk"Vªh; dslj fe'ku dks jk"Vªh; Ñf"k
fodkl ;kstuk ds varxZr ,d mi;kstuk
ds :i esa dslj ds mRiknu esa o`f¼ djus
ds mís'; ls ykap fd;k x;k FkkA
¥ blds rgr 3]715 gsDVs;j dslj dh
D;kfj;ksa ds th.kks¼kj dk çLrko fd;k
x;k FkkA
¥ fe'ku ds rgr iaiksj ds Mwlw {ks=k esa bafM;k
baVjus'kuy dslj VªsM lsaVj (dslj ikdZ)
uke ls ,d O;kikj dsaæ cuk;k x;k gSA
bl dsaæ ij] fdlkuksa dks iQly dh dVkbZ
pqukbZ ds ckn ds dke ds fy, mPp
rduhd dh lqfo/k,a feysaxhA
¥ blesa dslj dks lw•kus] NkaVus] iSfdax]
oxhZdj.k vkSj xq.koÙkk ijh{k.k bR;kfn dh
lqfo/k;sa gksaxhA
¥ blds vykok bl dsaæ esa dslj dh
bZ&uhykeh ds ekè;e ls dslj ds foi.ku
dh lqfo/k Hkh miyC/ djkbZ tk jgh gSA
mÙkj iwohZ çkS|ksfxdh vuqç;ksx ,oa çlkj dsaæ (NECTAR)
¥ mÙkj iwohZ çkS|ksfxdh vuqç;ksx ,oa çlkj
dsaæ (NECTAR) foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh
foHkkx] Hkkjr ljdkj ds rgr ,d Lok;Ùk
fudk; gSA
¥ bldk eq[;ky; es?kky; dh jkt/kuh
f'kykax esa fLFkr gSA
¥ ;g tSo fofo/rk dh fparkvksa] ty
çca/u] VsyhesfMflu] ckxokuh] cqfu;knh
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ok;q xq.koÙkk çca/u06
ppkZ esa D;ksa
¥ gky gh esa isVªksfy;e vkSj çkÑfrd xSl ea=kky; ds iwoZ lfpo MkW-,e-,e- dqêðh dks jk"Vªh; jkt/kuh {ks=k vkSj vkl&ikl ds {ks=kksa esa ok;q xq.koÙkk çca/u ds fy, u, LFkkfir vk;ksx dk iw.kZdkfyd vè;{k fu;qÙkQ fd;k x;k gSA
çeq• fcUnq
¥ eaf=keaMy dh fu;qfÙkQ lfefr (Appointments Committee of the Cabinet) us jk"Vªh; jkt/kuh {ks=k ,oa blds vkl&ikl {ks=kksa es ok;q xq.koÙkk çca/u ls lacfU/r vk;ksx ds iw.kZdkfyd vè;{k ,oa lnL;ksa dh fu;qfÙkQ dh gSA
¥ i;kZoj.k] ou ,oa tyok;q ifjorZu ea=kky; us viuh ,d foKfIr esa ok;q xq.koÙkk çca/u gsrq LFkkfir u, vk;ksx ds lnL;ksa dh fu;qfÙkQ ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nh gSA bl vk;ksx esa xSj ljdkjh laxBu ds çfrfufèkRo gsrq dqN lnL;ksa dh Hkh fu;qfÙkQ dh x;h gSA
¥ gky gh esa i;kZoj.k] ou ,oa tyok;q ifjorZu ea=kh us dgk fd dsaæ ljdkj ok;q çnw"k.k dks de djus ds fy, gj ekspZs ij yxkrkj dke dj jgh gSA
¥ i;kZoj.k] ou ,oa tyok;q ifjorZu ea=kh us dgk fd ns'k ds mÙkjh Hkkxksa] fo'ks"kdj jk"Vªh; jkt/kuh fnYyh] esa ok;q çnw"k.k dks de djus gsrq ljdkj lzksr ds Lrj(;Fkk& FkeZy ikoj IykaV] okgu çnw"k.k] Hkou fuekZ.k] Ñf"k vif'k"V tykuk vkfn) ij gh dkjZokbZ dj jgh gSA
ok;q xq.koÙkk çca/u vk;ksx
¥ dqN fnu igys jk"Vªifr us fnYyh&,ulhvkj esa ok;q çnw"k.k ladV ls fuiVus gsrq ¶jk"Vªh; jkt/kuh {ks=k vkSj vklikl ds {ks=kksa esa ok;q xq.koÙkk çca/u ds fy, vk;ksx vè;kns'k] 2020¸ dks eatwjh nh FkhA blds rgr 18 lnL;h; (,d vè;{k vkSj 17 lnL;)
ok;q xq.koÙkk çca/u vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk dk
çko/ku fd;k x;k gSA
¥ ¶jk"Vªh; jkt/kuh {ks=k vkSj vklikl ds
{ks=kksa esa ok;q xq.koÙkk çca/u ds fy, vk;ksx
vè;kns'k] 2020¸ ds vuqlkj] ok;q xq.koÙkk
çca/u gsrq fufeZr ;g u;k vk;ksx i;kZoj.k
çnw"k.k jksdFkke vkSj fu;a=k.k çkf/dj.k
(EPCA) dk LFkku ysxk] ftls lqçhe dksVZ us
ns'k esa çnw"k.k ds ekeyksa esa lokZsPp fuxjkuh
fudk; ds :i esa xfBr fd;k FkkA
¥ vk;ksx ok;q xq.koÙkk lwpdkad ds csgrj
rkyesy] vuqla/ku] igpku vkSj ok;q
xq.koÙkk ls lacaf/r leL;kvksa ds lek/ku
ds fy, dke djsxkA
¥ ;g vk;ksx fnYyh ,ulhvkj vkSj vkl&ikl
ds {ks=kksa esa ok;q çnw"k.k ds çca/u esa
varjjkT;h; lg;ksx rFkk tu Hkkxhnkjh dks
lqpk: cukus ds fy, cuk;h xbZ vU; lHkh
lfefr;ksa dk Hkh LFkku ysxkA
vk;ksx ds dk;Z
¥ vk;ksx ds ikl jk"Vªh; jkt/kuh {ks=k vkSj
vklikl ds bykdksa esa ok;q xq.koÙkk ds
laj{k.k vkSj blesa lq/kj ds fy, lHkh mik;
djus] funZs'k nsus vkSj f'kdk;rksa ij dkjZokbZ
djus dk vf/dkj gksxkA
¥ vk;ksx i;kZoj.k esa fofHkUu lzksrksa ls çnw"kd
rRoksa ds mRltZu ds ekud Hkh rS;kj djsxkA
¥ çnw"k.k ladV ij vadq'k yxkus ds fy,
blds }kjk fu/kZfjr funZs'kksa dk mYya?ku
djus okyksa ij dkjZokbZ djus ds fy, vk;ksx
dks dk;Zdkjh vf/dkj fn, x, gSaA
naM ds çko/ku
¥ fdlh çnw"k.kdkjh LFky ij dk;Zokgh ds
nkSjku ck/k mRiUu djus ij vk;ksx dks
vkijkf/d çfØ;k lafgrk 1973 dh èkkjk
94 ds rgr LFky dks can djus ;k •kstchu
djus ds lanHkZ esa okjaV tkjh djus dh 'kfÙkQ
Hkh nh x;h gSA
¥ vk;ksx ds vkns'kksa dk ikyu u djus ij
tqekZus ds lkFk 5 lky rd dh dSn dh
ltk gks ldrh gS vkSj tqekZus dh jde dks
1 djksM+ ;k mlls vf/d Hkh fd;k tk
ldrk gSA
¥ vè;kns'k ds rgr vijk/ xSj&laKs; gksxk vkSj
;g jk"Vªh; gfjr U;k;kf/dj.k (,uthVh) esa
jk"Vªh; gfjr U;k;kf/dj.k vf/fu;e ds rgr
lquokbZ ;ksX; gksxkA
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
30 uoEcj&2020 N vad 03
ppkZ esa D;ksa
¥ gky gh esa Hkkjr ds egkjk"Vª dh yksukj
>hy vkSj vkxjk ds lqj ljksoj dks jkelj
dUosa'ku ds rgr ekU;rk çkIr LFkyksa dh
lwph esa tksM+k x;k gSA bl rjg ns'k esa
jkelj lkbV dh la[;k 39 ls chy
¥ yksukj >hy dks yksukj ØsVj Hkh dgk tkrk
gSA bldk fuekZ.k 35]000 ls 50]000 lky
igys ,d Hkkjh mYdk fiaM ds fxjus ls
IysbLVksflu ;qx esa gqvk ekuk tkrk gSA
>hy esa ikuh •kjk vkSj {kkjh; nksuksa gSA
yksukj >hy dk mYys• lcls igys Ldan
iqjk.k vkSj iÁ iqjk.k tSls çkphu 'kkL=kksa esa
fd;k x;k FkkA >hy ij tkus okyk igyk
;wjksih; 1823 esa ,d fczfV'k vf/dkjh]
tsbZ vysDtsaMj FkkA
¥ yksukj >hy laj{k.k ,oa fodkl lfefr ds
lnL; xtkuu •jkV dk dguk gS fd bl
>hy dk ikuh •kjk gS vkSj bldk ih,p
Lrj 10-5 gSA xtkuu ds vuqlkj ikuh dh
lrg ls ,d ehVj uhps vkWDlhtu ugha gS
tcfd bl >hy esa 'kSoky gSa vkSj xehZ dh
otg ls bldk ikuh de gks x;k gS ftlls
bldh yo.krk esa o`f¼ gqbZ gSA blds vykok
ikuh ds jax esa bl cnyko dk oSKkfud
dkj.k ;g gks ldrk gS fd yksukj >hy esa
gSykscSDVhfj;k vkSj MÔwuksfuyk lyhuk uke
ds dod ik, tkrs gSa ftldh otg ls ikuh
dk jax fiad gks x;kA
lwj ljksoj >hy
¥ vkxjk&fnYyh jktekxZ ij fLFkr e'kgwj lwj
ljksoj >hy ftls dhFke Hkh dgrs gSa] mls
varjkZ"Vªh; egRo dh vkæHkwfe (osVySaM)
dh lwph jkelj lkbV esa tksM+k x;k gSA mÙkj
çns'k dh ;g vkBoha lcls vkæHkwfe gSA
;g iwjh >hy 7-13 oxZ fdeh ds tyxzg.k
{ks=k esa cukbZ xbZ gSA bls 1991 esa jkT; ou
foHkkx us jk"Vªh; i{kh vHk;kj.; Hkh ?kksf"kr
fd;k FkkA
¥ çoklh if{k;ksa dks vkJ; vkSj çtuu okyh
;g Ñf=ke >hy 106 ls vf/d çtkfr;ksa
ds if{k;ksa dk ?kj gSA ;g lkbV mu if{k;ksa
dh çtkfr;ksa ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gS tks eè;
,f'k;kbZ ÝykbZos ij çokl djrs gSa] ftlesa
30]000 ls vf/d ty i{kh gj lky ;gka
vkrs gSaA vHk;kj.; esa yxHkx 300 vtxj
vkSj 60 ls T;knk çtkfr;ksa dh eNfy;ka gSaA
jkelj dUosa'ku
¥ jkelj osVySaM~l dUosa'ku ,d varj&ljdkjh
laf/ gS] tks osVySaM~l vkSj muds lalk/uksa
ds laj{k.k vkSj cqf¼erkiw.kZ mi;ksx ds fy;s
jk"Vªh; dk;Z vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; lg;ksx dk
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egRoiw.kZ vH;kl iz'u(eq[; ijh{kk gsrq) 7
{ks=kh; O;kid vkfFkZd lk>snkjh (RCEP) ds dk;ks± rFkk mís';ksa ij foLrkj ls ppkZ djsaA07
ifCyd viQs;j baMsDl ds vuqlkj Hkkjr esa lq'kklu dh fLFkfr ij foLrkj ls ppkZ djsaA01
gky gh esa E;kaekj esa laiUu vke pqukoksa ds lanHkZ esa Hkkjr&E;kaekj laca/ksa dk fo'ys"k.k djsaA02
gky gh esa laiUu fczDl f'k[kj lEesyu Hkkjr vkSj phu ds chp laca/ksa dks ,d u;s :i nsus esa fdl izdkj lgk;d gS\ mYys[k djsaA
03
dksfoM&19 ds izHkko ls cpus ds fy, yxk;s x;s ykWdMkmu us i;kZoj.k dks fdl izdkj izHkkfor fd;k gS\ ppkZ djsaA04
Hkkjr esa yksdra=k dk pkSFkk LraHk dgs tkus okys ehfM;k dh dk;Zi¼fr ij i{kikroknh joS;s dk vkjksi yx jgk gSA D;k ehfM;k vius okLrfod Lo:i ls HkVd xbZ gS] vkykspukRed O;k[;k dhft,\
05
la;qDr jk"Vª 'kkafr j{kk vfHk;ku ds ckjs esa crkrs gq,] blesa Hkkjr ds ;ksxnku ij izdk'k MkysaA06
02 04 06
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
32 uoEcj&2020 N vad 03
01 03 06
ekU;rk çkIr jkelj lkbVksa dh lwph esa fdu nks Hkkjrh; lkbVksa dks tksM+k x;k gS\01
fdl jkT; ljdkj us gky gh esa iapk;r lnL;ksa ds fy, ^jkbV Vw fjdkWy* fo/s;d dks eatwjh nh gS\03
;wukbVsM LVsV~l vkWiQ vesfjdk ds u;s jk"Vªifr fdls pquk x;k gSA06
gky gh esa tgktjkuh ea=kky; dk uke cnydj D;k j[kk x;k gS\02
cUnjxkg] tgktjkuh vkSj tyekxZ
ea=kky;
gfj;k.kk
ckaXykns'k
;'ko/Zu dqekj flUgk
tks fcMsu
15 uoEcj
u, eq[; lwpuk vk;qÙkQ ds :i esa fdls fu;qÙkQ fd;k x;k gS\05
fdl ns'k us VªkaltsaMj eqlyekuksa ds fy, viuk igyk bLykfed Ldwy [kksyk gS\04
fcjlk eqaMk dh t;arh fdl frfFk dks eukbZ tkrh gS\07
dsFke >hy vkSj yksukj >hy
egRoiw.kZ rF;(izkjafHkd ijh{kk gsrq)
7
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02 04 06
eSa fdlh dks Hkh vius xans ik¡o ds lkFk esjs eu ls ugha xqtjus nwaxkA01
lR; ges'kk lR; gh jgrk gSa pkgs vki ilan djsa ;k uk djsaA03
nqfu;k esa dsoy ,d gh pht vPNh gS] Kku] vkSj dsoy ,d gh pht cqjh gS oks gS vKkuA06
og tks fofLer gksus ds fy, Bgj ugha ldrk vkSj exu gksdj vk'p;Z ls [kM+k ugha gks ldrk] og ejs gq, ds leku gS_ mldh vk¡[ksa can gSaA
02
vYcVZ vkbaLVhu
iafMr tokgjyky usg:th
IysVks
lqdjkr
vCnqy dyke
euq"; ds vKku dh ekj euq"; gh rks lgrs gSaA05
vPNs deZ gesa rkdr nsrs gSa vkSj nwljksa dks vPNs dk;ks± ds fy, çsfjr djrs gSaA04
balku dks dfBukb;ksa dh vko';drk gksrh gS] D;ksafd liQyrk dk vkuan mBkus ds fy, ;s t:jh gSaA07
egkRek xka/h
egRoiw.kZ mfDr;k¡(fuca/ rFkk mÙkj ys[ku esa mi;ksxh)7
lw;Zdkar f=kikBh fujkyk
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