Good Afternoon!
KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Project presentation
DEVELOPMENT OF HILL CHART DIAGRAM FOR FRANCIS TURBINE
OF JHIMRUK HYDROPOWER USING COMPUTATIONAL METHOD
Supervised by:DR. HARI PRASAD NEOPANE
MR. KRISHNA PRASAD SHRESTHA
MR. RAVI KOIRALA
By Presented to
MAHESH KANDEL (42086) MR. PRATISTHIT LAL SHRESTHA
PRASHANT NEOPANE (42093) Project coordinator
SUMAN SAPKOTA (42108)
19 JULY 2015
Background: Operational Scenario
overall efficiency of turbine increases with increasing discharge,
reaches maximum at design discharge and then starts decreasing
in part and full load the efficiency drop significantly
Maximum use of energy by minimum energy consumption
Developing technologies advanced simulation technologies
Performance testing prior to turbine manufacturing
Statement of Purpose
Overall Performance (efficiency, discharge, etc.)
Seasonal variation and load fluctuations
A key benefit of CFD is that a great amount of
money can be saved concerning experiments.
A single analyst equipped with a computer, can replace
experimental designing, material costs, measurement
equipment, laboratory personnel etc.
So, CFD Analysis to predict optimized performance
Objectives
Performance analysis of Francis turbine model of Jhimruk
Hydropower
Hill Chart plot by Computational Method
Methodology
Literature Review
Development of theoretical foundations
Computational Analysis
Theory and Literature activity for understanding CFD
Domain modelling, Meshing, Solving CFD problem,
Analysis of Results for performances curve
Hill Chart Plot
Through Matlab by extracting the points from MS
Excel
Methodology: Research and
Development
S/No.Research and
Developmental StageObjectives Methods
1.Development of
theoretical foundations.
To have vision to
understand the
theory behind CFD.
1.1 Literature review
1.2 Discussion and Solving
CFD problem
2.Computer Aided
Simulations
To predict the
performance of the
turbine.
2.1 Theory and Literature
activity for understanding
ANSYS
2.2 CFD Computer
simulation using ANSYS
15 Package
Methodology: Tools used
S/No. Research Tools Objectives Methods
1. CAD (Solidworks)
Designing the Francis
turbine’s domain (Stay
vanes, Guide vanes,
Runner Blades, Draft
tube).
1.1 Importing the
coordinates
1.2 Designing the
components for the same.
2.CFD and CFX
solver
Performance analysis
through simulation
2.1 By using tools and
techniques in ANSYS 15.
3. MS ExcelDetermination of
Performance curves.
3.1 By plotting Graph
between the parameters.
Work Accomplished:
Literature Review
Introduction: Francis Turbine
• Reaction turbine
• Operates in medium head
• Consists of Stay vanes, Guide
vanes , Spiral casing, runner
and draft tube
• Operating condition ranges
from 15 m to 700 m head
Introduction: Jhimruk Francis
Turbine Characteristics
Introduction: CFD
analytical tool to determine the flow behavior, heat transfer, mass
transfer, chemical reactions, etc
Solves equations that governs these processes
Uses numerical method
Solves Navier Stokes equation at the vertex by changing the
governing equations into algebraic equations
Governing equations:
Equation of Continuity
Conservation of Momentum
Conservation of energy
Domain
the area of analysis where the flow of fluid is discretized
and computed
our study consists of stationary (Stay vanes, Guide vanes
and Draft tube) and rotating part (Runner).
CAD modeling
Runner
Stay Vanes Guide Vanes
Draft Tube
Assembled Domain
ANSYS CFX
Introduction: ANSYS CFX
commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) program
used to simulate fluid flow in a variety of applications.
ANSYS CFX product allows engineers to test systems in virtual
environment. (gas turbine engine, aircraft aerodynamics, pumps,
fans, HVAC systems, mixing vessels, vacuum cleaners, and more.)
the CFX solver uses a vertex-centered scheme.
In a vertex centered scheme, the fluid variables are stored at the
cell vertex
This means that the vertex of the mesh-element is the center of the
solver-element
Meshing: Runner (ANSYS MESH)
Meshing, Boundary Conditions
& Solver DetailsMesh Size 8 mm
Advanced Size function Off
Relevence Center Fine
Method Hex Dominant
Inlet Mass Flow rate
Outlet 1 atm Pressure
Stay Vanes & Guide Vanes Frame Change = None
Guide Vanes & Runner Frame Change = Frozen rotor
Runner & Draft Tube Frame Change = Frozen rotor
Minimum iterations 1
Maximum iterations 2000
Tolerance e-4
Parallel Processors 4
Meshing
Boundary Conditions
Interfaces (Pitch Ratio = 1)
Convergence
Solution
Grid Independent Test(Total nodes Selected 1082147)
279.9469279.9064279.8466
278.8048278.6968
278.6
278.8
279
279.2
279.4
279.6
279.8
280
0 500000 1000000 1500000 2000000 2500000 3000000 3500000 4000000
Hea
d
Grid Number
Results
Discharge factor VS Speed
factor
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0 5 10 15 20
Qed
Ned
Results: Efficiency VS Speed factor
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 5 10 15 20
Eff
icie
ncy
(in
%)
Ned
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
n
Ned
4.96°
7.44°
9.92°
11.16°
12.54°
13.64°
14.88°
17.36°
18.6°
19.1°
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Qed
Ned
4.96°
7.44°
9.92°
11.16°
12.54°
13.64°
14.88°
17.36°
18.6°
19.1°
C
o
m
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
3-D plot of Ned, Qed and Efficiency
Introduction: Hill Chart
To predict the performance of
Turbines
Two plots:
Upper plot (𝑛𝐸𝐷 (Speed
Factor) versus η (Efficiency)
𝑛𝐸𝐷 versus 𝑄𝐸𝐷 (Discharge
factor)
𝑄𝑒𝑑 =𝑄1
𝐷2 𝑔𝐻
𝑁𝑒𝑑 =𝑁𝐷
𝑔𝐻
Guide vane variation
upper plot project the
required efficiency points to
the lower graph
Hill chart obtained
Hill Chart Plot
Conclusion Literature review based on the design, analysis and theories of
Francis turbine, Hill Chart and CFD
Modeling of the stationery and rotatory domain have been
completed.
Meshing of the domains have been completed with hexahedral
mesh
Grid convergence test defined the number of nodes and elements
of the domains
Completed the simulations of the Francis turbine at Guide vane
angle 12.54° which has given the performance curve .
10 sets of simulations were performed in order to obtain
performance curves at different guide vane angles.
The best efficiency point was found in the full guide vane angle
19.1ᵒ with 93.496%.
It has been advised to operate the turbine at 12.54ᵒ at flow rate
2.35 m3/s because it has a vast operating regime and an efficiency
of 92.7567% that is considerably high.
REFERENCES
Patel K., Desai J., Chauhan V. and Charnia S. (2011) “Development of Francis Turbine using Computational Fluid Dynamics”, The 11th Asian International Conference on Fluid Machinery and the 3rd Fluid Power Technology Exhibition, November 21- 23, 2011, IIT Madras, Chennai, India.
Jain S., Saini R. P. and Kumar A. (2010), CFD Approach for prediction Of Efficiency Of Francis Turbine, IGHEM-2010, Oct 21- 23,2010, AHEC, IIT Roorkee, India.
Čarija Z., Mrša Z. and Fućak S. (2008), Validation of Francis water turbine CFD simulations, Croatia.
Vu C. Thi., Koller M., Gauthier M., Deschênes C. (2010), Flow simulation and efficiency hill chart prediction for a Propeller turbine at various design and off-design conditions, Switzerland.
Laín S., García M., Quintero B., Orrego S. (2008), CFD Numerical simulations of Francis turbines, Columbia.
Neopane H. (2013), Lecture Slides on Hydraulic Turbines, Kathmandu University, Nepal.
Pudasaini S., Pathak A., Chaudhary B. (2013), Proposal on CFD Analysis of PeltonTurbine, Kathmandu University, Nepal.
Paulsen J., FSI-analysis of a Francis turbine, NTNU, Norway.
Adhikari S., Report on Job Training at Waterpower Laboratory, NTNU, Nepal.
Barstad L. (2012), CFD analysis of a Pelton turbine, NTNU, Norway.
High Pressure Hydraulic Machinery (2009), Water Power Laboratory, NTNU, Norway
<Online retrieved> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_turbine, 2 October 2014
THANK YOU!
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