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Metaphysic:
Determinism andFree will
by Kamal
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Determinism
Determinism
Causal Logical Theological
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Term (Kessler G E, 1992: 185) Determinism
The belief that all events are caused; meaning anygiven event is determined (caused) by some set ofantecedent events even if we are not fully aware of
what those antecedent events are (cause and effect)
Fatalism The belief that some or all events are predetermined
by some impersonal cosmic force or power (law of
nature) Predestination
The belief that some or all events are predeterminedby some personal power (god)
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The problem of freedom &
determinism? Or the problem of free
will? If all events are caused, how can any
human actions be free?
Are we free agents?
Does God has no power to control human
being?
Can determinism and free will come
together?
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Causal Determinism
The thesis that future events are necessitatedby past and present events combined withthe laws of nature. Such determinism is
sometimes illustrated by the thoughtexperiment of Laplace's demon. Imagine anentity that knows all facts about the past andthe present, and knows all natural laws thatgovern the universe. Such an entity might,under certain circumstances, be able to usethis knowledge to foresee the future, down tothe smallest detail.
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Causal Determinism
In generative philosophyof cognitive sciencesand
evolutionary psychology, free will is assumed not to exist.
However, an illusion of free will is created, within this
theoretical context, due to the generation of infinite or
computationally complex behavior from the interaction of a
finite set of rules and parameters. Thus, the unpredictability
of the emerging behavior from deterministic processes
leads to a perception of free will, even though free will as
an ontological entity is assumed not to exist. In this picture,even if the behavior could be computed ahead of time, no
way of doing so will be simpler than just observing the
outcome of the brain's own computations (radical
behaviorismB H Skinner; J B Watson)
http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Emergencehttp://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Cognitive_sciencehttp://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Evolutionary_psychologyhttp://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Evolutionary_psychologyhttp://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Cognitive_sciencehttp://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Emergence8/12/2019 Determinism Freewill
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Logical Determinism
Logical determinismis the notionthat all propositions, whether aboutthe past, present or future, are eithertrue or false. The problem of free will,in this context, is the problem of howchoices can be free, given that what
one does in the future is alreadydetermined as true or false in thepresent.
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Logical Determinism
Everyone believes himself a priorito be perfectly
free, even in his individual actions, and thinks that
at every moment he can commence another
manner of life... . But a posteriori, throughexperience, he finds to his astonishment that he is
not free, but subjected to necessity, that in spite of
all his resolutions and reflections he does not
change his conduct, and that from the beginning ofhis life to the end of it, he must carry out the very
character which he himself condemns
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Theological Determinism
The thesis that there is a God who
determines all that humans will do, either
by knowing their actions in advance, via
some form of omniscience or by decreeing
their actions in advance. The problem of
free will, in this context, is the problem of
how our actions can be free, if there is abeing who has determined them for us
ahead of time.
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Theological determinism
The theological doctrine of divine foreknowledge
is often alleged to be in conflict with free will.
After all, if God knows exactly what will happen,
right down to every choice one makes, thestatus of choices as free is called into question.
If God had timelessly true knowledge about
one's choices, this would seem to constrain
one's freedom
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Free will
Free Will
Religious Ethics Scientific
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The principle of free will
The principle of free will has religious, ethical,and scientific implications. In the religiousrealm, free will may imply that an
omnipotent divinity does not assert its power overindividual will and choices.
In ethics, it may imply that individuals can be heldmorally accountable for their actions.
In the scientificrealm, it may imply that the actions ofthe body, including the brain and the mind, are notwholly determined by physical causality.
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Compatibilism & Incompatilism
Compatibilismis the view that accepts both theexistence of free will and the truth of determinism,claiming that they are compatible with each other.
Incompatibilismis the view that there is no way toreconcile a belief in a deterministic universe with a beliefin free will. Hard determinismis the version ofincompatibilism that accepts the truth of determinism andrejects the idea that humans have any free will. This
contrast to another incompatibilism (metaphysicalliberation) that reject the determinism and accept humanfree will
http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Compatibilismhttp://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Incompatibilismhttp://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Hard_determinismhttp://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Hard_determinismhttp://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Incompatibilismhttp://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Compatibilism8/12/2019 Determinism Freewill
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Determinism vs. Free Will
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Determinism & Free Will
Determinism & Free Will
Compatibilism,
Soft determinismIncompatibilism
Override
Expectation
Metaphysical Liberation,
libertarianism
Hard determinism,
Fatalism, predestination
Robotic Human
Causa Sui
Illusion free will
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Compatibilism: overide
Compatibilists(Thomas Hobbes, David Hume) pointto clear-cut cases of someone's free will beingdenied, through rape, murder, theft, or other forms
of constraint. In these cases, free will is lacking notbecause the past is causally determining the future,but because the aggressor is overriding the victim'sdesires and preferences about his own actions. Theaggressor i s forc ingthe victim and, this is what
overrides free will. Thus, the determinism does notmatter here; what matters is that individuals' choicesare the results of their own desires and preferences,and are not overridden by some external (orinternal) force.
http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Compatibilismhttp://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Thomas_Hobbeshttp://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/David_Humehttp://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/David_Humehttp://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Thomas_Hobbeshttp://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Compatibilism8/12/2019 Determinism Freewill
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Compatibilism: expectation
In Elbow Room, Dennett presents an argumentfor a compatibilist theory of free will, which hefurther elaborated in the book Freedom Evolves.
The basic reasoning is that, the future is ill-defined for all finite beings. The only well-defined things are "expectations". The ability todo "otherwise" only makes sense when dealingwith these expectations, and not with some
unknown and unknowable future. Sinceindividuals have the ability to act differently fromwhat anyone expects, free will can exist.
http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Elbow_Roomhttp://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Freedom_Evolveshttp://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Freedom_Evolveshttp://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Elbow_Room8/12/2019 Determinism Freewill
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Incompatibilism (free will): robot
The idea is simply that if man is determined inhis choices of actions, then he must be like othermechanical things that are determined in theirbehavior. That is, if man's behavior is causallydetermined, then he is nothing moresophisticated than a wind-up toy, a billiard ball, apuppet, or a robot. Since these things have no
free will, then man must have no free will, ifdeterminism is true.
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Free will or Determinism?
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Incompatibilism (free will): causa
sui Free will means that man must be the "ultimate" or
"originating" cause of his actions. He must be a causasui, in the traditional phrase. To be responsible for one'schoices is to be the first cause of those choices, wherefirst cause means that there is no antecedent cause ofthat cause. The argument, then, is that if man has freewill, then man is the ultimate cause of his actions. Ifdeterminism is true, then all of man's choices are causedby events and facts outside his control. So, if everything
man does is caused by events and facts outside hiscontrol, then he cannot be the ultimate cause of hisactions.
http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Causa_suihttp://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Causa_suihttp://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Causa_suihttp://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Causa_sui8/12/2019 Determinism Freewill
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Incompatibilism: Hard determinism; fatalism; predestination
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reference
Kessler, G.E. 1992. Voices of wisdom:
multi-cultural philosophy reader. California:
Wadsworth Publishing Company (p. 185-213)
http://buckleherry.wordpress.com/
http://www.informationphilosopher.com/freedom/taxonomy.html
http://buckleherry.wordpress.com/http://www.informationphilosopher.com/freedom/taxonomy.htmlhttp://www.informationphilosopher.com/freedom/taxonomy.htmlhttp://www.informationphilosopher.com/freedom/taxonomy.htmlhttp://www.informationphilosopher.com/freedom/taxonomy.htmlhttp://buckleherry.wordpress.com/8/12/2019 Determinism Freewill
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