Design of an ICRF plasma thruster antenna by TOPICA
Citation for published version (APA):Vecchi, G., Lancellotti, V., & Maggiora, R. (2006). Design of an ICRF plasma thruster antenna by TOPICA. InProceedings of 48th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics, October 30 - November 3 2006,Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (pp. 1-17). (Bulletin of the American Physical Society; Vol. 51).
Document status and date:Published: 01/01/2006
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1
Plasma Facing
PFA
Antenna Group
PO
LIT
EC
NIC
O
DI
TO
RIN
OAPS-D
PP m
eeting, Phila
delp
hia
, 2 N
ove
mber
2006
Desig
n o
f an
IC
RF
pla
sm
a
thru
ste
r an
ten
na b
y T
OP
ICA
48th
Annual M
eeting o
f th
e D
ivis
ion o
f Pla
sm
a P
hysic
s o
f
The A
merican P
hysic
al Socie
ty
Octo
ber 30-N
ovem
ber 3, 2006 -
Phila
delp
hia
, Pennsylv
ania
, U
SA
G. Vecchi, V
. Lancello
tti, R
. M
aggio
raP
olit
ecn
ico d
i T
orino,
Italy
2
Plasma Facing
PFA
Antenna Group
PO
LIT
EC
NIC
O
DI
TO
RIN
OAPS-D
PP m
eeting, Phila
delp
hia
, 2 N
ove
mber
2006
Ele
ctr
om
ag
neti
c T
hru
ste
rs
•Advanta
ges
–Ele
ctrode-less d
esig
n
(inje
cting e
nerg
y into
pro
pella
nt gas) suitable
for
hig
h p
ow
er density a
nd
long c
om
ponent lif
e
–M
agnetic c
onfinem
ent of
the p
ropella
nt so to a
void
m
echanic
al nozzle
sW
ork
ing p
rincip
le–
Pla
sm
a is e
nerg
ized v
ia e
lectrom
agnetic fie
ld:
couplin
g radio
fre
quency p
ow
er to
the p
lasm
a (IC
RF)
Exam
ple
: th
e V
ASIM
R E
M thru
ste
r
3
Plasma Facing
PFA
Antenna Group
PO
LIT
EC
NIC
O
DI
TO
RIN
OAPS-D
PP m
eeting, Phila
delp
hia
, 2 N
ove
mber
2006
Ob
jec
tive
•FE
M c
ode
new
ly d
evelo
ped to g
et th
e p
lasm
a
Gre
en’s
function
•TO
PIC
A c
ode’s
main
structu
re rem
ain
unchanged
•W
arm
pla
sm
a tensor w
ith a
bsorp
tion (IC
) te
rms
•H
ybrid a
ppro
ach (Fourier expansio
n +
fin
ite
ele
ments
) to
solv
e for EM
fie
lds in the p
lasm
a
Exte
ndin
g the p
resent TO
PIC
A c
ode (used for
fusio
n) to
handle
2D
axia
lly s
ym
metric
radia
lly
inhom
ogeneous c
ylin
dricalpla
sm
as
4
Plasma Facing
PFA
Antenna Group
PO
LIT
EC
NIC
O
DI
TO
RIN
OAPS-D
PP m
eeting, Phila
delp
hia
, 2 N
ove
mber
2006
EM
th
ruste
r b
lock m
od
el
Input:
•density a
nd
tem
pera
ture
pro
file
s
(physic
s m
odelin
g)
•Pla
sm
a flo
w v
elo
city
(pla
sm
a s
yste
m
modelin
g)
•M
agnetic fie
ld
(consta
nt alo
ng a
xis
) (d
esig
n)
•Ante
nna g
eom
etry
(desig
n)
•Fre
quency o
f opera
tion (desig
n)
Outp
ut:
•In
put ante
nna c
ircuit
model (Z
)
•Pow
er to
pla
sm
a
•C
urrents
, field
s e
tc.
Helic
on
ICR
HM
agnetic
nozzle
ei
out
Tn
m,
,&
⊥iT
nm
,,&
Thrust
vm
exhaust,
,&
Couple
dPow
er
Magnetic
field
Magnetic
field
Couple
dPow
er
Magnetic
field
Gas
pre
ssure
Helic
on
ICR
HM
agnetic
nozzle
ei
out
Tn
m,
,&
⊥iT
nm
,,&
Thrust
vm
exhaust,
,&
Couple
dPow
er
Magnetic
field
Magnetic
field
Couple
dPow
er
Magnetic
field
Gas
pre
ssure
New
develo
ped
TO
PIC
A
Underw
ay a
s per
the c
olli
sional pla
sma m
odel
Magnetic
field
pro
file
5
Plasma Facing
PFA
Antenna Group
PO
LIT
EC
NIC
O
DI
TO
RIN
OAPS-D
PP m
eeting, Phila
delp
hia
, 2 N
ove
mber
2006
An
ten
na m
od
eli
ng
Thru
ster
wall
Loop a
nte
nnas
Separa
tion s
urf
ace
betw
een t
he
ante
nna r
egio
n a
nd t
he p
lasm
a f
low
6
Plasma Facing
PFA
Antenna Group
PO
LIT
EC
NIC
O
DI
TO
RIN
OAPS-D
PP m
eeting, Phila
delp
hia
, 2 N
ove
mber
2006
TO
PIC
A a
pp
roach
•Separa
tion b
etw
een a
nte
nna regio
nand p
lasm
a
flow
by m
eans o
f th
e E
quiv
ale
nce P
rincip
le
•Full-
wave a
nd s
elf-c
onsis
tent fo
rmula
tion leads
to tw
o c
ouple
d inte
gra
l equations
•W
arm
magnetized p
lasm
a d
escription w
ith the
rele
vant te
nsor G
reen’s
function
•Pla
sm
a e
ffect at separa
tion s
urface: azim
uth
al
and longitudin
al Fourier + radia
l finite e
lem
ent
solu
tion
•M
eth
od-o
f-M
om
ents
num
erical solu
tion o
f ante
nna p
roble
m (in
tegra
l equations →
linear
syste
m); triangula
r-fa
cet m
esh
7
Plasma Facing
PFA
Antenna Group
PO
LIT
EC
NIC
O
DI
TO
RIN
OAPS-D
PP m
eeting, Phila
delp
hia
, 2 N
ove
mber
2006
Matr
ix f
orm
of
the f
orm
ula
tio
n
[]
[]
[]
[][
][]
[]
[][
] =
−
−
−
HZ
ZE
ZM
IZ
GG
G
GG
P
T
0
0
0
0
22
12
12
11
/
/
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]P
T
P
TT
GG
GG
GG
≠==
22
22
11
11
where
Ele
ctric
-ele
ctric
in v
acuum
Ele
ctric
-magnetic in
vacuum
Magnetic-m
agnetic in
vacuum
Pla
sm
a c
ontrib
ution
Sourc
e
contrib
ution
Unknow
n c
oeffic
ients
8
Plasma Facing
PFA
Antenna Group
PO
LIT
EC
NIC
O
DI
TO
RIN
OAPS-D
PP m
eeting, Phila
delp
hia
, 2 N
ove
mber
2006
TO
PIC
A c
od
e o
verv
iew
ICR
H U
NIT
DR
AW
ING
PR
E-
PR
OC
ES
SIN
GV
AC
UU
M R
EG
ION
(SP
AT
IAL
DO
MA
IN)
PL
AS
MA
RE
GIO
N
(SP
EC
TR
AL
DO
MA
IN)
SO
LV
ER
MO
DU
LE
CU
RR
EN
T &
FIE
LD
VIS
UA
LIZ
AT
ION
CY
LIN
DR
ICA
L W
AR
M
PL
AS
MA
GR
EE
N’S
F
UN
CT
ION
AN
TE
NN
A P
AR
AM
ET
ER
S
New
module
s
develo
ped to
cope w
ith a
thru
ste
r pla
sm
a
9
Plasma Facing
PFA
Antenna Group
PO
LIT
EC
NIC
O
DI
TO
RIN
OAPS-D
PP m
eeting, Phila
delp
hia
, 2 N
ove
mber
2006
Warm
pla
sm
a d
iele
ctr
ic t
en
so
r
•R
adia
llyin
hom
ogeneous a
xis
-sym
metric
magnetized
warm
pla
sm
a
•Pla
sm
a flo
w v
elo
city is
taken into
account as
well
•Pla
sm
a tensor
obta
ined in the
spectral (F
ourier)
dom
ain
via
a reduced
ord
er fo
rmula
tion
10
Plasma Facing
PFA
Antenna Group
PO
LIT
EC
NIC
O
DI
TO
RIN
OAPS-D
PP m
eeting, Phila
delp
hia
, 2 N
ove
mber
2006
Pla
sm
a G
reen
’s f
un
cti
on
(1)
•M
axw
ell’
s c
url e
quations w
ithin
the c
ylin
drical
warm
pla
sm
a a
re c
ast in
cylin
drical coord
inate
s
and turn
ed into
the s
pectral (m
,kz) Fourier
dom
ain
•Fie
lds s
till
depend o
n the radia
l coord
inate
r
•The p
lasm
a e
nte
rs v
ia its
die
lectric
tensor
•Equations a
re s
olv
ed v
ia a
1D
Fin
ite E
lem
ent
Meth
od s
chem
e a
dopting s
ub-d
om
ain
triangula
r puls
es a
s b
asis
and test fu
nctions
11
Plasma Facing
PFA
Antenna Group
PO
LIT
EC
NIC
O
DI
TO
RIN
OAPS-D
PP m
eeting, Phila
delp
hia
, 2 N
ove
mber
2006
•The tangential ele
ctric
fie
ld c
om
ponents
Eθ, E
z
field
com
ponents
are
enfo
rced a
t th
e s
epara
tion
surface b
etw
een a
nte
nna a
nd p
lasm
a regio
ns
•The tangential m
agnetic fie
ld c
om
ponents
Hθ, H
z
are
com
pute
d (FE
M s
olu
tion), w
hence G
reen’s
function c
an b
e d
erived
Pla
sm
a G
reen
’s f
un
cti
on
(2)
=
−
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
EE
km
Yk
mY
km
Yk
mY
H
Hθ
θ
θθθ
θ)
,(
),
(
),
()
,(
12
Plasma Facing
PFA
Antenna Group
PO
LIT
EC
NIC
O
DI
TO
RIN
OAPS-D
PP m
eeting, Phila
delp
hia
, 2 N
ove
mber
2006
Exa
mp
le:
an
ten
na &
pla
sm
a d
ata
Pla
sm
a s
pecie
s: ele
ctrons, H
e3 ions
Fre
quency: f = 0
.763 M
Hz
Density a
t cente
r: n
e0 =
5.5
5e19 1
/m^3
Density a
t edge: nes
= 0
1/m
^3
Radiu
s: a =
0.0
115 m
Axia
l m
agnetic fie
ld: B0 =
0.2
T
Ion v
elo
city: VH
e= 8
000 m
/s
Perp
. io
n tem
p.: T
Heper= 1
eV
Par. ion tem
p.: T
Hepar= 1
ev
Ele
ctron v
elo
city: Ve
= 8
000 m
/s
Perp
. eln
tem
p.: T
eper= 4
.7 e
V
Par. e
lnte
mp.: T
epar= 4
.7 e
V
13
Plasma Facing
PFA
Antenna Group
PO
LIT
EC
NIC
O
DI
TO
RIN
OAPS-D
PP m
eeting, Phila
delp
hia
, 2 N
ove
mber
2006
Pla
sm
a G
reen
’s f
un
cti
on
Yθθ
14
Plasma Facing
PFA
Antenna Group
PO
LIT
EC
NIC
O
DI
TO
RIN
OAPS-D
PP m
eeting, Phila
delp
hia
, 2 N
ove
mber
2006
YθzP
lasm
a G
reen
’s f
un
cti
on
15
Plasma Facing
PFA
Antenna Group
PO
LIT
EC
NIC
O
DI
TO
RIN
OAPS-D
PP m
eeting, Phila
delp
hia
, 2 N
ove
mber
2006
YzzP
lasm
a G
reen
’s f
un
cti
on
16
Plasma Facing
PFA
Antenna Group
PO
LIT
EC
NIC
O
DI
TO
RIN
OAPS-D
PP m
eeting, Phila
delp
hia
, 2 N
ove
mber
2006
Pre
lim
inary
resu
lts
in
vacu
um
J d
istrib
ution o
n
ante
nnas a
nd
aperture
J d
istrib
ution o
n
thru
ste
r w
all
M d
istrib
ution o
n
the a
perture
17
Plasma Facing
PFA
Antenna Group
PO
LIT
EC
NIC
O
DI
TO
RIN
OAPS-D
PP m
eeting, Phila
delp
hia
, 2 N
ove
mber
2006
•TO
PIC
Ahas b
een s
uccesfu
lly e
xte
nded to h
andle
cylin
dricalw
arm
pla
sm
as
met in
IC
RF u
nits o
f EM
thru
ste
rs
•Arb
itra
rily
shaped a
nte
nnas c
an b
e m
odelle
d
•R
esults in v
acuum
has b
een v
alid
ate
d a
gain
st
sta
ndard
EFIE
appro
ach
•R
esults in p
lasm
a a
re c
urr
ently b
ein
g o
bta
ined a
nd
com
parisons w
ith m
easure
ments
(w
here
availa
ble
)
will
be c
arr
ied o
ut
•Exte
nsio
n to the p
lasm
a g
enera
tion u
nit is o
ngoin
g
Co
nclu
sio
ns
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