Design from nanoscale of carbon fiber-based functional composite materials: Special attention on thermoset matrices and interfaces
J.F. GERARDIngénierie des Matériaux PolymèresUMR CNRS # 5223Université de Lyon – INSA [email protected]
http://www.imp.cnrs.fr
• Shaping of composite reinforcements and long fiber-basedprepregs
• Experimental testing and simulation of composite structures
• Acoustics of composite structuresIdentification of sources
• NDT analyses of • composite materials• and structures
(US, RX, acoustics)
• Synthetic and bio-sourcedthermoplastics and thermosets(from synthesis to rheology)
• Processingcomposites(RTM, prepregs,UV, etc)
• Fiber sizingsInterfaces
• Recycling• Paints, coatings, adhesives
• Ceramic-based composite materials• Acoustic emission analyses applied to fiber-based
composites• Microstructure analyses (SEM, TEM, ESEM, FIB, etc)
• Mechanics of composite structures foraeronautics and building constructionLarge scale testing facilities
• Composite materials for building repair• Inorganic-based composites for building
PARTNERSHIPS / COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Nodes ofcompetitiveness
• Components : SOLVAY, ARKEMA, CRAY VALLEY, HEXCEL, CHOMARAT, PORCHER Ind., DOW Chem, TRANSFURAN Chem (E), BROCHIER, NANOCYL, CYTEC, OCV, FLOWTITE (N)
• Aeronautics: AIRBUS (IVW, ASTRIUM, EUROCOPTER)(F&D), MBDA, AIRCELLE,COEXPAIR, QUICKSTEP, SAFRAN, ONERA,
• Automobile: VOLVO, MICHELIN, PLASTIC-OMNIUM, MCR, RENAULT, NIEF, CEA, COMPOSE TOOL• Rail : NEWRAIL (UK), AIRBUS (D)• Sport : ROSSIGNOL, BABOLAT• Energy : ALSTOM, EDF
• IFTH, PEP, PPE, SWEREA/SICOMP (S), INASMET (E), PyCO Fraunhofer (D), ICT Fraunhofer (D)
Industries
R&D Centers / Platforms
PARTNERSHIPS / COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Nodes ofcompetitiveness
• ENS Cachan, ESPCI, ECL et PolyTech Nantes, CERMAV, INP-PAGORA, ENSAIT
• INTEMA (Arg)KU Leuven (B), Perugia Univ. (I), Université Stuttgart (D), Université Erlengen (D), EZRT Fraunhofer (D)FORTH ICE-HT (Greece)Weizmann Inst. (Isr),Université Twente (NL), Swansea University (UK), Newcastle Univ. (UK), QMUL London (UK), Cambridge Univ. (UK), Université Akron (USA), Univerity Massachusetts (USA)
Universities / Academics
Design of Composite Materials at Different Scales
Tailoring components and microstructures at different scales
Taking into account the processing steps and techniques
INTERFACESFiber sizingsFunctional
(self-healing)WettabiityIFSS
NEW MATRICESSynthetic and bio-basedThermosets and ThermoplasticsNanostructured / Nanocomposite-based Functionalities(fire retardancy, conductivity…)
COMPOSITE MATERIALSViscoelastic, mechanicalElectricalSurface properties incl.wettability, paints, functionalcoatings (anti-icing, superhydrophobic)
Taking Into Account Processing of Composite Materials
Tailoring components and microstructures at different scales
REACTIVE PROCESSES Thermosets
epoxy, cyanates, BMI, UP, …toughened resins
Thermoplasticsfrom in-situ polymerization
Curing: thermal, UV, mW
NON-REACTIVELaser consolidation (high-Tg TP)Latex-based preforms
IN-SITU STUDIES OF THE PROCESSING STEPSWettability of the fiber fabricsIn-situ recording polymerization and/or crystallization
processes on composite parts (dielectrical, NIR)
COMBINATION OF STRATEGIES Interleaf particles films (toughening, self healing)Powdering for preform shaping and tougheningSoluble TP fibers for in-situ dispersion of TP and NPInsertion of piezo-electric polymer films (energy
harvesting)
Innovative Matrices for Composite Materials
Toughening from BCP nanoadditives of TS matrices in combination with processing
BCP-powdered CF-plies (400µm) 12 wt.% BCP
Consolidation stepBCP flows on/in the preform
Mold filling Impregnation of the preform + Dissolution of the BCP phase
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
h b
a
L
7,000 1,350 (+84%)
3,790 8602,280 220 (-40%)
Neat M25A50M25S28B28M44
GIIC (J.m-2)
0.5 mm.min-1
BCP nanostructuration
in composites confirmed by DMA
Inhomogeneous plate
Innovative Matrices for Composite Materials
Fire retardancy improvement from POSS nanoadditives of TS matrices
10” 30” 1’ 2’ 3’time
Extinguished after 3’ - burnt until clamps – resid.
mass: 6%
Extinguished before 3’ – flame propagated until clamps – resid.
mass: 59%
MVR
MVR-POSSOH-
Al
Molecular silica / POSS clustersPOSS-modifiedepoxies
Processing of TP-based composites from reactive processing
RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) processing of P6-GF composites
(a): ε-caprolactam
(b): N-acetylcaprolactam
(c): methylmagnesium bromide
ROP polymerizationof caprolactame
Reactive TP-RTMPA6 – GF composites / fracture surface
Dielectric sensors for followingpolymerization and crystallization
Processing of high Tg TP-based composites
Laser consolidation of PES – CF composites during filament winding
Filament winding / laser consolidation
Prepreg ribbon
Laser beam
Heating
Processing of high Tg TP-based composites
Laser consolidation of PES – CF composites during filament winding
Polymer chains
Carbon fiberInterdiffusion
of chains
Matrix
Carbon fibersTP matrix/CF ribbon
Macro scaleInter-ply scale
Micro scale Molecular scale
Multiscale approach
Tailoring processingconditions and materials
Fiber surface treatment for self-healable interfaces
Design and characterization of self-healable interfaces in epoxy-GF
Covalent bonding–reversible –(D-A)
Ra=5.64 ± 3.60nm
+BMI
Force gauge max 10N Displacement rate 0.1mm/min
Self-healing solution
Cured resin microdroplet
AFM analysis of treated CF surface
Interfacial adhesion
Functional composite materials
Electrically conductive matrices from CNT containing soluble fibers and CNT-yarns
Yarn in preform
A.E. signal acquisition
Piezo-electricsensor
40mm
Load
CNT yarn(coll. Cambridge Univ.)
CNT grown on ex-PAN CF
Introduction of CNT and/or high-Tg TP
Acoustic emission and electrical conductivity on
single-yarn CF or CNT
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