Dental Liners, Bases,Dental Liners, Bases,and Bonding Systemsand Bonding Systems
Chapter 44Chapter 44
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Chapter 44Chapter 44
Lesson 44.1Lesson 44.1
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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
Pronounce, define, and spell the Key Terms.Pronounce, define, and spell the Key Terms. Discuss how the sensitivity of a tooth Discuss how the sensitivity of a tooth
determines the type of dental material that is determines the type of dental material that is selected for a procedure.selected for a procedure.
Discuss how and why cavity liners are used in Discuss how and why cavity liners are used in restoring tooth structure. restoring tooth structure.
(Cont’d)(Cont’d)
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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
(Cont’d)(Cont’d)
Apply calcium hydroxide to a prepared tooth Apply calcium hydroxide to a prepared tooth surface.surface.
Discuss how and why varnishes are used in Discuss how and why varnishes are used in restoring tooth structure.restoring tooth structure.
Apply dental varnish to a prepared tooth Apply dental varnish to a prepared tooth surface.surface.
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IntroductionIntroduction
Dental liners, bases, and bonding systems Dental liners, bases, and bonding systems
are a supplemental classification of dental are a supplemental classification of dental
materials that provide additional materials that provide additional
protection for the health and well-being protection for the health and well-being
of the tooth being restored.of the tooth being restored.
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Prepared Tooth StructuresPrepared Tooth Structures
Design of the cavity preparation Design of the cavity preparation Provides strength within the tooth Provides strength within the tooth Helps determine how the tooth will hold the Helps determine how the tooth will hold the
restoration in placerestoration in place
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Type of StimulusType of Stimulus ExampleExample
PhysicalPhysical Thermal, electrical Thermal, electrical
Mechanical occlusionMechanical occlusion Handpiece, traumaticHandpiece, traumatic
ChemicalChemical Acid from dental Acid from dental materialsmaterials
BiologicBiologic Bacteria from Bacteria from salivasaliva
Pulpal Responses Pulpal Responses
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Dental liners provide a thin barrier to Dental liners provide a thin barrier to
protect the pulpal tissue from irritation protect the pulpal tissue from irritation
caused by physical, mechanical, caused by physical, mechanical,
chemical, and biologic elements.chemical, and biologic elements.
Dental LinersDental Liners
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Calcium HydroxideCalcium Hydroxide
Indications for useIndications for use Protects the pulp from chemical irritation by way of Protects the pulp from chemical irritation by way of
its sealing ability its sealing ability Stimulates the production of reparative or secondary Stimulates the production of reparative or secondary
dentin dentin Compatible with all types of restorative materials Compatible with all types of restorative materials
Application processApplication process May be an advanced function in your stateMay be an advanced function in your state Placed directly over the deepest portion of the Placed directly over the deepest portion of the
preparation preparation Placed only on dentinPlaced only on dentin
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Fig. 44-1 Placement of a liner.Fig. 44-1 Placement of a liner.
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VarnishVarnish
Varnish is a liquid consisting of one or Varnish is a liquid consisting of one or
more resins in an organic solvent applied more resins in an organic solvent applied
to the internal preparation structure. to the internal preparation structure.
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VarnishesVarnishes
Indications for use*Indications for use* Sealing dentinal tubules Sealing dentinal tubules Reducing leakage around a restoration Reducing leakage around a restoration Acting as a barrier to protect the tooth from highly Acting as a barrier to protect the tooth from highly
acidic cements such as zinc phosphateacidic cements such as zinc phosphate
* This material is contraindicated in its use * This material is contraindicated in its use under composite resins and glass ionomer under composite resins and glass ionomer restorations. restorations.
(Cont’d)(Cont’d)
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VarnishesVarnishes
(Cont’d)(Cont’d)
Application processApplication process Applied with the use of a small disposable Applied with the use of a small disposable
applicator or a cotton pelletapplicator or a cotton pellet Thin coating placed on the internal walls, floor, Thin coating placed on the internal walls, floor,
and margin of a cavity preparation and margin of a cavity preparation Allowed to air dryAllowed to air dry Second application recommended Second application recommended
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Fig. 44-3 Location for placement of cavity varnish.Fig. 44-3 Location for placement of cavity varnish.
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Chapter 44Chapter 44
Lesson 44.2Lesson 44.2
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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
Discuss how and why dentin sealers are used Discuss how and why dentin sealers are used in restoring tooth structure.in restoring tooth structure.
Apply a dentin sealer to a prepared tooth Apply a dentin sealer to a prepared tooth surface.surface.
Discuss how and why dental bases are used Discuss how and why dental bases are used in restoring tooth structure. in restoring tooth structure.
Mix and place three types of bases on a Mix and place three types of bases on a prepared tooth surface.prepared tooth surface.
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Dentin SealerDentin Sealer
Indications for useIndications for use Treatment or prevention of hypersensitivityTreatment or prevention of hypersensitivity Instead of a varnish Instead of a varnish Sealing of the dentinal tubules Sealing of the dentinal tubules Ideal for use under all indirect restorationsIdeal for use under all indirect restorations
Application processApplication process Use the material sparingly. Use the material sparingly. Do not allow the material to make contact with soft tissues Do not allow the material to make contact with soft tissues
(HEMA and glutaraldehyde).(HEMA and glutaraldehyde). Apply the dentin sealer with the use of a cotton-tipped Apply the dentin sealer with the use of a cotton-tipped
applicator. applicator. Apply the sealer over all areas of exposed dentin.Apply the sealer over all areas of exposed dentin.
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Dental BasesDental Bases
Dental bases provide different types of pulpal Dental bases provide different types of pulpal protection:protection: Protective: protects the pulp from a large Protective: protects the pulp from a large
restorationrestoration Insulating: protects the tooth from thermal shockInsulating: protects the tooth from thermal shock Sedative: soothes pulp that has been damaged by Sedative: soothes pulp that has been damaged by
decay or irritated by mechanical means. decay or irritated by mechanical means.
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Types of Base MaterialsTypes of Base Materials
Zinc oxide–eugenol (ZOE) Zinc oxide–eugenol (ZOE) Zinc phosphate Zinc phosphate PolycarboxylatePolycarboxylate Glass ionomer Glass ionomer
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Fig. 44-5 Location for placement of a base.Fig. 44-5 Location for placement of a base.
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Chapter 44Chapter 44
Lesson 44.3Lesson 44.3
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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
Describe the tooth-etching process and its Describe the tooth-etching process and its importance in the bonding of tooth and importance in the bonding of tooth and material.material.
Describe bonding systems and how they Describe bonding systems and how they provide a better adherence of dental provide a better adherence of dental materials to the tooth structure.materials to the tooth structure.
Apply etchant material. Apply etchant material. Apply a bonding system to the prepared tooth Apply a bonding system to the prepared tooth
structure.structure.
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Dental bonding improves retention by Dental bonding improves retention by
creating a micromechanical retention creating a micromechanical retention
between the tooth structure between the tooth structure
and the restoration.and the restoration.
Dental BondingDental Bonding
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Enamel Bonding Enamel Bonding
Enamel bonding is placed directly on the Enamel bonding is placed directly on the intact enamel surface.intact enamel surface.
Examples of enamel bonding Examples of enamel bonding SealantsSealants Bonded orthodontic bracketsBonded orthodontic brackets Resin‑bonded bridgesResin‑bonded bridges Bonded veneers Bonded veneers
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Dentin BondingDentin Bonding
Dentin bonding is placed on the prepared Dentin bonding is placed on the prepared dentin for the bonding of a restorative dentin for the bonding of a restorative material to tooth structure.material to tooth structure.
Smear layerSmear layer Thin layer of debris Thin layer of debris ““Nature’s bandage”Nature’s bandage”
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Etching SystemsEtching Systems
Etching systems are used to remove the Etching systems are used to remove the smear layer in preparation for bonding. smear layer in preparation for bonding.
Supplied as:Supplied as: Liquid/gelLiquid/gel Maleic acidMaleic acid Phosphoric acidPhosphoric acid
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Clinical Application of the Etchant Clinical Application of the Etchant and Bonding Systemsand Bonding Systems
Plaque or debris is removed before the Plaque or debris is removed before the bonding process. bonding process.
Etchant is applied to remove the smear layer. Etchant is applied to remove the smear layer. The tooth structure is rinsed and dried (avoid The tooth structure is rinsed and dried (avoid
overdrying etched teeth). overdrying etched teeth). All surfaces are covered with onding solution.All surfaces are covered with onding solution. Too much bonding is better than too little.Too much bonding is better than too little. Contamination with saliva requires the entire Contamination with saliva requires the entire
procedure to be redone. procedure to be redone. Allow time for the bonding material to mature Allow time for the bonding material to mature
before completing the restoration.before completing the restoration.
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Table 44-1 Supplementary Dental Materials and Table 44-1 Supplementary Dental Materials and Application in Order of Use.Application in Order of Use.
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