Delineation
Section 10
PAVEMENT ARROWS
Special Note:
As from 17 January 2011, Roads and Maritime Services is adopting the Austroads Guides (Guide to Traffic Management) and Australian Standards (AS 1742, 1743 & 2890) as its primary technical references.
A Roads and Maritime Supplement has been developed for each Part of the Guide to Traffic Management and relevant Australian Standard. The Supplements document any mandatory Roads and Maritime practice and any complementary guidelines which need to be considered.
Roads and Maritime Supplements must be referred to prior to using any reference material.
This Roads and Maritime document is a complementary guideline. Therefore, if any conflict arises, the Roads and Maritime Supplements, the Austroads Guides and the Australian Standards are to prevail.
Roads and Maritime Supplements are located on the Roads and Maritime website at www.rms.nsw.gov.au
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ii Version 1.3
Roads and Maritime Services www.rms.nsw.gov.au
VERSION: 1.3 ISSUED: July 2014
AMENDMENTS: Refer to Amendment Record APPROVED BY: SIGNED SIGNED
Phil Margison Michael de Roos General Manager General Manager Traffic Management Safer Roads
AUTHORISED FOR USE BY: SIGNED
Peter Collins Director Network Management
© 2009 Roads and Traffic Authority NSW
Extracts from these guidelines may be reproduced providing the subject is kept in context and the source is acknowledged.
Every effort has been made to supply complete and accurate information. However Roads and Maritime Services, NSW assumes no responsibility for its use.
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For policy and technical enquiries regarding these guidelines please contact:
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To access electronic copies of these and other guidelines go to: www.rms.nsw.gov.au/doingbusinesswithus/downloads/technicalmanuals/technicalmanuals_dl1.html
For the latest amendments (if any) to these guidelines go to: www.rms.nsw.gov.au/doingbusinesswithus/downloads/technicalmanuals/delineation_dl1.html
ISBN 978-1-921242-89-2 (Electronic only) RTA/Pub. 08.091
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Delineation – Section 10 Pavement Arrows
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Contents
10.1 General ..............................................................................................10-1
10.2 Use .....................................................................................................10-3
10.3 Types .................................................................................................10-3
10.4 Spacing ..............................................................................................10-5
10.5 Application of arrows.......................................................................10-5
10.5.1 Intersection arrows .........................................................................................10-5
10.5.2 Angled arrows...................................................................................................10-6
10.5.3 Pavement arrows for reinforcing wrong-way movements .....................10-8
10.5.4 U-turn arrows...................................................................................................10-9
10.5.5 Sequential turns arrow................................................................................. 10-10
Delineation – Section 10 Pavement Arrows
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Amendment record Please note that the following updates have been made to this document. Amendment
No Page Description Issued Approved By
1 10-4 Position of initial pavement arrow altered.
December 2010
R O’Keefe Mgr Traffic Policies, Guidelines & Legislation
2 All Adoption of AS1742.2, Pavement arrows.
March 2014 R O’Keefe Mgr Traffic Policies, Guidelines & Legislation
3 All Change of name and logos to Roads and Maritime Services (formerly the Roads and Traffic Authority).
July 2014 W Wilson A/PM Policy, Research & Legislation
10-3, 4, 10 & 11
Clearer images of Australian Standard arrows inserted.
Delineation – Section 10 Pavement Arrows
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10.1 General
The following practice must now be adopted for the implementation of all pavement
arrow markings:
New Projects
Installation of pavement arrow markings for new projects must be in accordance with
the Australian Standard 1742.2 figures 5.9, 5.10 and 5.11. Pavement arrow types, uses
and shapes are illustrated in Table 10.0 and also in Roads and Maritime Specifications
R141 / R145.
Reconstruction
If a pavement is newly reconstructed or resurfaced, then the pavement arrow
markings must be installed in accordance with the Australian Standard 1742.2 figures
5.9, 5.10 and 5.11. Pavement arrow types, uses and shapes are illustrated in Table 10.0
and also in Roads and Maritime Specifications R141 / R145.
Maintenance
Where any pavement arrow marking has been removed due to pavement resurfacing
works, it must be reinstated in accordance with the Australian Standard 1742.2 figures
5.9, 5.10, 5.11 and also Roads and Maritime Specifications R141 / R145. Untouched
arrows are not to be changed.
Where any existing pavement arrow marking requires remarking due to routine
marking maintenance, it must be remarked with the same pavement arrow shape that
it is covering.
Delineation – Section 10 Pavement Arrows
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Table 10.0: Arrows – types, uses and shapes (AS1742.2, Figure 5.8)
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Delineation – Section 10 Pavement Arrows
10.2 Use
Pavement arrows are used to:
(a) Promote correct lane usage by designating movements which must legally be
made at an intersection by drivers entering from marked lanes
(b) Indicate correct use of lanes in diverge areas
(c) Supplement signing for lane drops and merges
(d) Promote safe and courteous behaviour by cyclists and pedestrians
10.3 Types
10.3.1 Arrows
These arrows are for use in urban and rural situations.
(a) Straight ahead (b) Combination – straight
ahead and turn (c) Exclusive turn
NOTES: 1 Minimum length of arrow:
Straight ahead arrow and combined arrow = 6 m. Turn arrow = 4 m.
2 The width of grid squares is constant at 100 mm. The height of the grid is 100 mm minimum.
AS1742.2, Figure 5.9
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Delineation – Section 10 Pavement Arrows
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(a) Double turn
arrow (b) U-turn
arrow (c) 45° turn
arrow (d) Sequential turns
arrow
NOTES: 1 Minimum length of arrow:
(a) Double turn arrow = 4 m. (b) U-turn arrow = 5 m. (c) Sequential turns and 45° turn arrows = 6 m.
2 The width of grid squares is constant at 100 mm. The height of the grid is 100 mm minimum.
AS1742.2, Figure 5.10
10.3.2 Arrow lengths The maximum lengths of pavement arrows for urban and rural situations are:
• Straight ahead – 6 metres • Combination straight ahead and turn – 4 metres • Exclusive turn – 4 metres • Double turn – 4 metres • U-turn – 5 metres • 45º turn – 6 metres • Sequential turn – 6 metres
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10.4 Spacing
Arrow spacing shall be as per AS1742.2 and Roads and Maritime Specifications
R141 / R145. The dimensional proportions of letters and numerals should be as
shown in Roads and Maritime Specifications R141 / R145.
10.5 Application of arrows
10.5.1 Intersection arrows
Intersection pavement arrows give a positive indication of the paths vehicles
must follow at intersections. They are legally enforceable.
10.5.1.1 Types and Use
The choice of and need for intersection pavement arrow markings shall be
determined as set out in AS1742.2. This is based on the following
requirements:
(a) Where all the manoeuvres that are permitted by traffic
legislation are to be allowed from a marked traffic lane, arrow
markings need not be provided.
(b) If any of the manoeuvres that are permitted by traffic legislation
are not to be allowed from a marked traffic lane, those
manoeuvres which are to be allowed shall be marked with
pavement arrows.
(c) Where any arrow is required in a lane, all manoeuvres that are
to be permitted from that lane shall be marked with pavement
arrows.
(d) Not withstanding the provisions in (a) where it is considered
desirable for safety or other considerations to mark arrows
indicating the legally permitted manoeuvres from that lane, e.g.
to emphasise that a turn is not permitted from a lane adjacent to
an exclusive turn lane (e.g. Bus lane) by marking with a straight
ahead arrow, these arrow markings may be provided. However,
such markings should be restricted to those sites where it is
found to be necessary after observance of the intersections
performance in the field.
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(e) If any lane on the approach to an intersection is to be designated
by means of arrows, at least three arrows should be placed in
that lane to increase the probability of detection, with the first
arrow located 6 m clear distance from the stop or holding line
(if any) or intersection boundary.
(f) Where a turning lane is provided to cater exclusively for U-
turns, and it is essential to distinguish it from a right turning lane
before or after, the U-turn arrow may be used. If the distinction
is not needed, a right turn arrow will usually be sufficient. Refer
10.5.4.
(g) Where two separate successive turns in the same direction may
be made from a single turning lane, the sequential turns arrow
may be used in advance of the first turn. Refer 10.5.5.
10.5.1.2 Size and spacings
Standard designs for intersection arrows, size and spacing shall be as shown
in AS1742.2 and Roads and Maritime Specifications R141 / R145.
Where a traffic lane in which arrow markings are required is not of
sufficient length to enable provision of three arrows at the normal spacing,
the arrow spacing may be reduced to half. If it is necessary to reduce the
spacing to less than 15 m then the number of arrows may be reduced. If
there are no arrow markings in adjacent lanes, the spacing may be further
reduced to enable three arrows to be provided.
At intersections where queues of vehicles are likely to occur, e.g. at traffic
signals, pavement arrows should commence sufficiently in advance of the
intersection so that waiting vehicles will not obscure them. Where this is
not practicable, or where additional information for road users on lane
designation is required, signs (e.g. ‘left lane must turn left’) adjacent to or
over the appropriate lanes should be installed to supplement the pavement
arrows.
10.5.2 Angled arrows
Angled pavement arrows shall be limited to situations where drivers may
have difficulty anticipating the merge or lane drop ahead. For example a
merge is partially hidden by a crest or around a curve, or by other traffic
(see Section 10.5.2.2).
Delineation – Section 10 Pavement Arrows
10.5.2.1 Types
Angled pavement arrows shall have two different shapes and dimensions
and shall conform to the designs given in AS1742.2 and Roads and Maritime
Specifications R141 / R145. The urban type is to be used where the
signposted speed is less than 80 km/h, and the rural type where it is 80km/h
or more.
AS1742.2, Figure 5.11
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10.5.2.2 Use
Angled pavement arrows shall be provided under the following conditions:
1. All lane drop situations (i.e. where there is a continuity line) on
freeways.
2. Lane drop situation (where there is continuity line) on other roads,
and:
a. sight distance is restricted such that the sign 'Form 1 Lane'
is not in view when approaching a 'Left Lane Ends’ sign; or
b. where the shoulder width adjacent to the taper area is less
than 3 m wide; or
c. where a particular site has an accident history involving
drivers failing to recognise a lane drop; or
d. fatigue is a major contributory factor in the accident
history.
3. It should however be ensured that the effectiveness of the length of
overtaking lane is not severely restricted by introduction of angled
pavement arrows. Angled pavement arrows are not recommended in
overtaking lanes whose lengths are less than the recommended lengths
in the Austroads Guide to Road Design or in Roads and Maritime
Supplements to the guide.
4. Refer to Section 18.2 for details of angled pavement arrow application.
10.5.3 Pavement arrows for reinforcing wrong-way movements
Pavement arrows may be used where wrong way movements are a
demonstrated or potential problem (e.g. at intersections with dual
carriageway roads or at staged terminations). The shape and dimensions of
one-way arrows are shown in Roads and Maritime Specifications R141 /
R145. Raised pavement markers (reflective - red) are used to supplement
this arrow.
Delineation – Section 10 Pavement Arrows
Specification R141, Figure 13
10.5.4 U-turn arrows
U-turn pavement arrows shall be limited to traffic control signals with U-
turn phase or dedicated U-turn only lanes.
10.5.4.1 Types
U-turn arrows shapes and dimensions shall conform to the designs given in
Australian Standard 1742.2, Figure 5.10 and Roads and Maritime
Specifications R141 / R145. The maximum length of the arrow for urban
and rural situations is 5 metres.
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(b) U-turn arrow
AS1742.2, Figure 5.10
10.5.5 Sequential turns arrow
Sequential turns arrows are used where drivers are permitted to do
sequential turns from the same marked traffic lane. For example turns into
closely spaced streets/roads from the same extended turn lane. The
sequential turns arrow would only be used prior to each turn other than
the final turn, with normal turn arrows used for the final turn. The shape
and dimensions of sequential turns arrows are given in AS1742.2 Figure
5.10 and Roads and Maritime Specifications R141 / R145. The maximum
length of the arrow for urban and rural situations is 6 metres.
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Delineation – Section 10 Pavement Arrows
(d) Sequential turns arrow
AS1742.2, Figure 5.10
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