““Decentralized Governance In Rural Water Sector: Decentralized Governance In Rural Water Sector: The Rajasthan Scenario”The Rajasthan Scenario”

Presentation byPresentation byHemant Joshi, Executive Director Hemant Joshi, Executive Director Dr. Suneet Sethi, Consultant HRDDr. Suneet Sethi, Consultant HRD

Communication & Capacity Development Unit (CCDU), Communication & Capacity Development Unit (CCDU), Water & Sanitation Support Organization (WSSO), Water & Sanitation Support Organization (WSSO),

Public Health Engineering Department- Govt. of RajasthanPublic Health Engineering Department- Govt. of Rajasthan

RAJASTHAN–A PROFILE

Total Area 342,239 Sq kmDistricts 33 Blocks 237Panchayat Samities 249Village Panchayats 9,168Cities & Towns 222Villages 41,353Total Habitations 1,21,133Population(2001) 56,507,188Population(2011) 68,621,012Urban 13,214,375Rural 43,292,813Decadal Growth Rate 21.44Cattle Human Ratio 1.2:1

The state has more cattle population than human

Status of Water in Rajasthan:• Rajasthan is the largest State of the country.• The status of water in the State is most critical. • Rajasthan with more than 10.4% of the country’s

geographical area, supporting more than 5.5% of the human population & 18.70% of the livestock has only 1.16 % of the total surface water available in the country.

• Out of the total 142 desert blocks in the country, 85 blocks are in the State of Rajasthan.

• Out of 249 blocks in the state, only 30 blocks are in safe category.

• The average annual rainfall ranges from 100 mm in Jaisalmer to 800 mm in Jhalawar. Average annual rainfall of the State is 531mm.

• The State has witnessed frequent drought and famine conditions in the past fifty years.

• The per capita annual water availability in the State is about 780 cubic meter (Cum) against minimum requirement of 1000 Cum. It is feared that the availability would fall below 450 cum by the year 2050. • As per the international accepted norms,

availability of water below 500 cum is considered as absolute water scarcity.

Rural Drinking Water Scenario in Rajasthan

Particulars 

No. of Habitations with population coverage (as on 20.2.2012)

Total habitations

 

% commissioned habitations

>=0 and < 25%

>=25 and < 100% 100%

All Habitations 32979 19188 68966 121133 57%

SC dominated habitations 4296 2091 8934 15321 58%

ST dominated habitations 2855 3578 16487 22920 72%

Minority dominated habitations

5093 1114 5483 11690 47%

Out of total commissioned habitations 47% are quality affectedOut of total commissioned habitations 47% are quality affected

Quality affected Habitation contamination wise as on 01/04/2011

121133

68966

3215010724 8 54

202581106

020000400006000080000

100000120000140000

Tota

lHa

bita

tions

Com

mis

sion

edHa

bita

tions

Qua

lity

affe

cted

habi

tatio

ns

Fluo

ride

Arse

nic Iro

n

Salin

ity

Nitra

te

No. o

f hab

itatio

ns

65% habitations & 47% villages are commissioned with 65% habitations & 47% villages are commissioned with hand pump schemehand pump scheme

No. of benefitted villages and habitations through various rural water supply schemes

19214

3803 2075 1711

44527

951

115101438

8441369

474111712

05000

100001500020000250003000035000400004500050000

Handpump Regional Pump &Tank

Piped TSS Diggi &others

Type of scheme

No. o

f ben

efitt

ed vi

llage

s &

habi

tatio

ns No. of main villages

No. of habitations

Hand pump repairing every year ranges from 38% to 72%

No. of repaired handpumps during the handpump repairing campaign (year 2001- 2011)

214635

95853

149932 149523183986

167591190954

473632

151736140163

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

400000

450000

500000

27th 2001

28th2002

29th2003

30th2004

31st 2005

32nd 2006

33rd 2007

34th 2008

35th2009-

11

36th 2011

handpump repairing campaign nos. with year

no

. of

rep

air

ed

ha

nd

pu

mp

s

•

•

The revenue is not even 20% of the expenditure

Economic calculation for maintainance of drinking water schemes

0200400

600800

10001200

14001600

2001

-02

2002

-03

2003

-04

2004

-05

2005

-06

2006

-07

2007

-08

2008

-09

2009

-10

2010

-11

2011

-12

year

Am

ou

nt

in c

aro

ra R

s.

revenue

expenditure

Decentralized Governance

• Decentralization is the policy of delegating decision making authority down to the lower levels in a set up relatively away from and lower in a central authority

• As per the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992, it was decided to devolve powers to the PRIs.

• The state governments were authorized to devolve these powers.

The History of Decentralized Governance in Rajasthan

• Rajasthan was one of the major states where the three tiers

Panchayati Raj System was introduced on the recommendations of Balwant Raj Mehta Committee.

• This was inaugurated by Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru on 2nd October 1959 at Nagaur.

• Chaudhari Kumbharam Arya (1914-1995) a famous freedom fighter, famous Agrarian leader and parliamentarian was the founder member of the Panchayat Raj system in Rajasthan.

Status of Decentralized Governance in Rajasthan

In keeping with the spirit of the 73rd amendment, the Rajasthan Government has transferred the administrative controls of five departments with funds, functions and functionaries to Panchayati Raj Department on 2nd October 2010. The departments are:

•Primary Education•Health•Women and Child•Social Welfare & Justice• Agriculture

The Total Sanitation Campaign was also transferred to Panchayat Raj Department.

Schemes handed over to PRIs• Janta Jal Yojna - 5631 (No. of Schemes handed over to

Gram Panchayats in the year 2011-12)• Repairing of hand pumps• All the 74 major projects i.e costing more than 25 crore

will be maintained by five member committee formed in the gram sabha

Schemes still with PHED• Pump & Tank• Regional Water supply schemes• Piped water supply

Management Devolution IndexConsolidated Position of the State (MDI)

S.No. Indicator Weightage Awarded points

Remarks

1 Transfer of Functions to PRIs

20 12.1 There are some indicators which have not been reported correctly on the national web site of DDWS due to lack of reporting or wrong reporting.

2 Availability/Transfer of funds to PRIs

50 0

3 Functionaries made available to support PRIs

25 4.6

4 Good Management indicators

5 0.3

Total 100 17

State Wise MDI RankingS. No. Name of State Score

1 Karnataka 46.4

2 Tamilnadu 41.7

3 Andhra Pradesh 31.8

4 Gujarat 28.1

5 Maharashtra 24.7

6 Uttar Pradesh 24

7 Punjab 23.8

8 Uttranchal 23

9 Kerala 22.1

10 Chhattisgarh 20.4

11 Jharkhand 18.7

12 Rajasthan 17

13 Sikkim 16.4

14 Himachal Pradesh 16.3

15 M.P 16.3

16 Tripura 15.3

17 West Bengal 13.2

18 Nagaland 12.8

19 Haryana 12.7

20 Mizoram 9.5

21 Bihar 9.4

22 Assam 9.1

23 Orissa 8.8

24 Arunachal Pradesh 8.2

25 Meghalaya 5.3

26 Goa 0

27 J & K 0

28 Manipur 0

MDI indicators not considered in MarkingMDI indicators not considered in Marking•Whether untied grants from State Plan/non plan have been transferred to all GPs in preceding financial yearStatus: In year 2011-12, Rs. 45 crores has been transferred and in year 2012-13 Rs. 96 crore has been transferred.

•Whether untied grants from State Finance Commission have been transferred to all GPs in preceding financial yearStatus: In year 2011-12 RS.700 crores transferred

•Percentage of water charges demand collected by PRIsStatus: 100% in case of schemes covered under major projects.

•Proportion of blocks where block level Diploma/Graduate engineers are available in PHED/PRED/ZP/BP @ one for 1 lakh rural population exclusively for rural water supply and sanitationStatus: 1660 engineers are available. In every district 2-3 Executive Engineers are looking after the work of rural water supply under them 10-15 A.Ens, 20-30 J.Ens are assisting in the work at block level.

MDI indicators not considered in marking contd..MDI indicators not considered in marking contd..

Proportion of filled up BRC Coordinators positionsStatus: In the state 249 block coordinators and 667 cluster coordinators are to be appointed out of which till date 134 block coordinators and 338 cluster coordinators have been appointed. A total of 472 coordinators have been appointed out of 916 i.e. 52%. Proportion of VWSC members trained in RWS functions for at least two days in the previous year.Status: Total 63,500 VWSC members have been trained uptill now. The target for VWSC training in AAP 12-13 is 15000 VWSC members Proportion of NRDWP Support funds spent on IEC and HRD activitiesStatus: Rs. 3457.44 lacs has been spent on IEC & HRD under NRDWP support fund out of 4000 lacs i.e . 86% utilization. 

The Challenges in Rajasthan:

• Lack of confidence at the political level in terms of capacity of Panchayat Raj Institutions. With the transfer of five departments to PRIs, the ice has been broken and there are chances that other subjects in the 11th schedule may also be gradually given to PRIs.

• The mind set of PHED engineers. • The lack of capacity of PRIs in maintaining the WSS is also a

handicap. • Depleting potable ground water reserves and deteriorating

ground water quality.• overcoming conflict of interest of different regions and different

user categories• The state faces a major water crisis every third or fourth year due

to recurrent drought. Therefore the GOR is cautious and want to move forward slowly and steadily because water is central to the entire development programming in Rajasthan.

The Way Forward• State Water Policy adopted. Decentralize

Governance accepted as a policy by State Cabinet.

• Capacity Building of PRI already taken up in coordination with SIRD.

• Change Management Groups formed at state as well as divisional levels for change of mind set of PHED engineers. Shortly district level Change Management Groups will be set up.

• A total of 7873 Rain Water Harvesting Structures and Ground Water Recharging being taken up through NRDWP funds.

• Setting up of BRCs expedited to ensure gram panchayt level empowerment of PRIs.

• Communication Campaign launched through electronic media for demand management both for drinking & farming sector.

The Way Forward Contd…• Village health and sanitation committee (VHSC) have Village health and sanitation committee (VHSC) have

been designated as Village Health Water & Sanitation been designated as Village Health Water & Sanitation Committee (VHW & SC) to work as VWSC as per Committee (VHW & SC) to work as VWSC as per NRDWP guidelines to reduce multiplicity of NRDWP guidelines to reduce multiplicity of committees.committees.

• Step by step transfer of funds, functionaries and Step by step transfer of funds, functionaries and functions on Pilot basis starting from 2 districts i.e. functions on Pilot basis starting from 2 districts i.e. Alwar & Udaipur. (Cabinet approval given)Alwar & Udaipur. (Cabinet approval given)

• Shortly a state level workshop is going to be held to Shortly a state level workshop is going to be held to discuss the transfer model with stakeholders & their discuss the transfer model with stakeholders & their feedback will be considered for ensuring smooth feedback will be considered for ensuring smooth transition.transition.

• MGNREGS funds are also being used for rain water MGNREGS funds are also being used for rain water harvesting & ground water recharge through gram harvesting & ground water recharge through gram

panchayats.panchayats.

• IWRM plans being prepared in 2798 GPs in 11 IWRM plans being prepared in 2798 GPs in 11 districts districts with active involvement of local with active involvement of local panchayats.panchayats.

THANKSTHANKS