8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
1/63
CHAPTER 1
Introduction toBasic of Telecommunication
1
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
2/63
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Basic Communication System
1.2 Transmission Medium, Frequency,Bandwidth
1.3 Others
now
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
3/63
What is
COMMUNICATION
?
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
4/63
communication
4
Communication : To transfer
information from one place to another
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
5/63
communication
5
Communication : To transfer
information from one place to another
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
6/63
communication
6
Communication : To transfer
information from one place to another
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
7/63
misscommunication
7
Pinguin
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
8/63
What is
INFORMATION
?
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
9/63
WHAT IS INFORMATION?
Information is a sequence of symbols that can be
interpreted as a message. Information can berecorded as signs, or transmitted as signals.Conceptually, information is the message (utteranceor expression) being conveyed. The meaning of thisconcept varies in different contexts
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
10/63
People communicated by
natural senses of hearing
and sight.
10
How do you want to send data/information to someone?
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
11/63
People communicated by
natural senses of hearing
and sight.
11
How do you want to send data/information to someone?
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
12/63
12
How do you want to send data/information to someonewho is far from you?
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
13/63
Now,
COMMUNICATION OVER LONG DISTANCES is very easy.
13
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
14/63
14
How do you want to send data/information to someonewho is far from you?
NOW.. Various communication technology
are available and ready to help us
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
15/63
15
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM HISTORY 1837 Samuel Morse invented telegraph.
1858 First telegraph cable across Atlantic (Canada Ireland) 1876 Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone.
1988 Heinrich Hertz introduce electromagnetic field theory.
1897 Marconi invented wireless telegraph.
1906 Radio communication system was invented.
1923 Television was invented.
1938 Radar and microwave was invented for World War II. 1950 TDM was invented.
1956 First telephone cable was installed across Atlantic.
1960 Laser was invented
1962 Satellite communication
1969 Internet DARPA
1970 Corning Glass invented optical fiber. 1975 Digital telephone was introduced.
1985 Facsimile machine.
1988 Installation of Pacific-Atlantic fiber optic cable.
1990 World Wide Web and Digital Communication.
1998 Digital Television.
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
16/63
TELE.. The words "tele", "phon", and "graph" are derived from
Greek.
Tele means at a distance
Phon means sound or speech
Graph - means writing or drawing
Therefore, telecommunication means communication at a
distance.
This can be done through wires called transmission lines or
through atmosphere by a radio link (wireless). Otherexamples include:
Telephone speaking at a distance
Telegraph writing at a distance
Television seeing at a distance
16
(TELE)communication
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
17/63
CHAPTER
1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Basic Communication System
1.2 Transmission Medium, Frequency,
Bandwidth
1.3 Others
now
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
18/63
18
Basic Communication System
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
19/63
19
Input Transducer convert input signal in electrical forms. eg:microphone.
Transmitter involve modulation process and finally transmit thesignal.
Transmission medium connecting the transmitter and the receiverthat enable the modulated signal propagate through the medium.
Receiver receive the modulated signal and then convert the signal tomodulating signal through the process called demodulation.
Output Transducer convert the modulating signal to i ts originalforms (output signal) that is useful to the users. eg: loud speaker.
Components in Basic Communication System
TransmitterTransmission
MediumReceiver
InputTransducer
OutputTransducer
wired / wireless
Sending end Receiving end
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
20/63
Transmission medium and physical layer
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
21/63
21
Transmission Medium (Guided)
Twisted pair
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
Coaxial
Fiber Optic
Infra red
microwave
Satellite
TRANSMISSION MEDIUM (UNGUIDED)
Optical fiber
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
22/63
Now
Refreshing
22
What is Frequency ?
What is Wavelength ?
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
23/63
23
Wavelength
Wavelength () = 1 cycle of signal
in meter (m)
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
24/63
24
Wavelength
0 5m 10m 15m
Wavelength () = 10m
Unit is meter (m)
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
25/63
25
Wavelength
Wavelength () = 10ms
Unit is meter (m)
?
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
26/63
26
Wavelength
Wavelength () = 10ms
Unit is meter (m)
?
We knowc = speed of light
= m/s
= m
10ms 10ms x m/s = ( ) ( m/s)
= m
= m
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
27/63
27
Frequency
Frequency (f) =
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
28/63
28
Frequency (f) is rate of change of signalor number of cycles per second.
Unit : Hertz (Hz)
.
= .
= =
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
29/63
29
Frequency (f) is rate of change of signalor number of cycles per second.
Unit : Hertz (Hz)
=
=
=
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
30/63
30
Frequency (f) is rate of change of signalor number of cycles per second.
Unit : Hertz (Hz)
( ) = ()
Frequency (f) =
()
Period (T) =
()
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
31/63
31
Frequency (f) is rate of change of signalor number of cycles per second.
Unit : Hertz (Hz)
( ) = ()
= 4ms
f =
=
=
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
32/63
32
We knowc = speed of light
= m/s
10ms 10ms x m/s
= ( ) ( m/s)
= m
= m1 cycle of signal (in meter) = Wavelength ()
( ) = ()
Recall.
= x c
=
=
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
33/63
frequency
wavelength
where c = speed of light.
33
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
34/63
Ramada FM broadcast their discussionin the studio using frequency of 92.2MHz.
Find the wavelength.
Exercise 1
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
35/63
Bad AnswerIntermezzo
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
36/63
36
Low and High Frequency =
longerand shorterwavelength
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
37/63
FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS
37
See this
ILLUSTRATION
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
38/63
38Need to assign;
specific lane for respective vehicles
Width of road is limited
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
39/63
39Need to regulate;
only one vehicle in the one lane at a time
Width of lane is limited
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
40/63
40
Need to assign/define/distribute;Specific frequency for respective purpose
Frequency is limited
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
41/63
FREQUENCY SPECTRUM
It consists of all frequencies contained in
the waveform and their respective
amplitude in the frequency domain.
41
Need to assign/define/distribute;Specific frequency for respective purpose
Frequency is limited
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
42/63
42
Frequency Spectrum
Frequency1015Hz1kHz
TelephoneTelegraph
Satellite-satelliteMicrowave relay
Earth-satelliteRadar
Very LowFrequency
VLF
Extra HighFrequency
EHF
Wavelength
VHF TV and FM
MediumFrequency
MF
100MHz
application
? ? ?
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
43/63
43
Frequency Spectrum
100MHz
WaveguideCoaxial CableTwisted Pair
Cable
Infrared
Visible
Ultraviolet
Optical Fiber
ExtraHigh
Frequency
EHF
SuperHigh
Frequency
SHF
UltraHigh
Frequency
UHF
VeryHigh
Frequency
VHF
High
Frequency
HF
Medium
Frequency
MF
Low
Frequency
LF
VeryLow
Frequency
VLF
Audio
Line-of-sightradio
Skywaveradio
Groundwaveradio
WavelengthFrequency
designations
Transmissionmedia
Propagationmodes
Representativeapplications
Frequency
Laser beam
100km 10km 1km 100m 10m 1m 10cm 1cm 10-6
m
Telephone
Telegraph
Mob
ilradio
VHFTV
andFM
Mobiland
Aeronautical
UH
FTV
CB
radio
Amateurradio
AMbro
adcasting
Aeronautical
Submarinecable
Navigation
Transoceanicradio
Broadb
andPCS
Wirelessco
mmunication
Cellular,Pager
Satellit
e-satellite
Microw
averelay
Earth-satellite
Radar
Wide
banddata
1kHz
10kHz
100kHz
1MHz
10MHz
1GHz
10GHz
1G0Hz
1014Hz
1015Hz
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
44/63
Spectrum
Wavelength
Frequency
Another graph
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
45/63
45
Width of road is l imited
or
Frequency is limited
Need to assign/define/distribute;Specific lane for respective purpose
orSpecific frequency for respective purpose
OK, DONE.
There is ENAUGH ?
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
46/63
46
Need to regulate;only one vehicle in the one lane at a time
Width of lane is to be limited,
what is width for every lane?
This lane has been assign for car only, but.
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
47/63
47
In example,Frequency spectrum of 88-108 MHz has been assignedfor FM broadcasting.
What is width of spectrum for 1 radio station?
Need to assign;Width of lane for specific car
orWidth of frequency spectrum for specific purposes
Width of lane is to be limited,
what is width for every lane?
Width of lane is to be limited,what is width for every lane?
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
48/63
FM Broadcasting
48
Frequency88-108MHz
Very HighFrequency
VHF
Spectrum frequency is limited.1. Need to assign/define/distribute width specific frequency for eachstation.2. Need to allocate width of spectrum for each radio station, maybe 2MHz for each
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
49/63
BANDWIDTH
It is the difference between the highest
frequencies and the lowest frequencies.
49
Road; width of lane = lane width
Spectrum; width of spectrum = band width
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
50/63
Acoustic Spectrum (Analog)
Speech spectrum = 100Hz to 7kHz, bandwidth = 6900 Hz
Telephone spectrum =300Hz to 3400Hz,bandwidth = 3100 Hz
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
51/63
51
Frequency & Transmission Media
100MHz
WaveguideCoaxial CableTwisted PairCable
Infrared
Visible
Ultraviolet
Optical Fiber
ExtraHigh
Frequency
EHF
SuperHigh
Frequency
SHF
UltraHigh
Frequency
UHF
VeryHigh
Frequency
VHF
High
Frequency
HF
Medium
Frequency
MF
Low
Frequency
LF
VeryLow
Frequency
VLF
Audio
Line-of-sightradio
Skywaveradio
Groundwaveradio
WavelengthFrequency
designations
Transmissionmedia
Propagationmodes
Representativeapplications
Frequency
Laser beam
100km 10km 1km 100m 10m 1m 10cm 1cm 10-6
m
Telep
hone
Telegraph
Mob
ilradio
VHFTV
andFM
Mobiland
Aeronautical
UH
FTV
CB
radio
Amateurradio
AMbro
adcasting
Aeron
autical
Submarinecable
Navigation
Transoce
anicradio
Broadb
andPCS
Wirelesscommunication
Cellular,Pager
Satellite-satellite
Microw
averelay
Earth-
satellite
Radar
Widebanddata
1kHz
10kHz
100kHz
1MHz
10MHz
1GHz
10GHz
1G0Hz
1014Hz
1015Hz
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
52/63
Can you tell a range of wavelength (in nm) of
- visible light
- ultraviolet
- infrared
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
53/63
53
100MHz
WaveguideCoaxial CableTwisted PairCable
Infrared
Visible
Ultraviolet
Optical Fiber
ExtraHigh
Frequency
EHF
SuperHigh
Frequency
SHF
UltraHigh
Frequency
UHF
VeryHigh
Frequency
VHF
High
Frequency
HF
Medium
Frequency
MF
Low
Frequency
LF
VeryLow
Frequency
VLF
Audio
Line-of-sightradio
Skywaveradio
Groundwaveradio
WavelengthFrequency
designations
Transmissionmedia
Propagationmodes
Representativeapplications
Frequency
Laser beam
100km 10km 1km 100m 10m 1m 10cm 1cm 10-6
m
Telep
hone
Telegraph
Mob
ilradio
VHFTV
andFM
Mobiland
Aeronautical
UH
FTV
CB
radio
Amateurradio
AMbro
adcasting
Aeron
autical
Submarinecable
Navigation
Transoce
anicradio
Broadb
andPCS
Wirelesscommunication
Cellular,Pager
Satellite-satellite
Microw
averelay
Earth-satellite
Radar
Widebanddata
1kHz
10kHz
100kHz
1MHz
10MHz
1GHz
10GHz
1G0Hz
1014Hz
1015Hz
The visib le wavelength region is between 380 nm and 780 nm
Light whose wavelength is shorter than 380nm is called ultraviolet.
Light whose wavelength is longer than 780 nm is called infrared.
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
54/63
Can you tell a range of wavelength (in nm) of
- visible light
- ultraviolet
- infrared
The visible wavelength region is between380 nm and 780 nm
Light whose wavelength is shorter than
380nm is called ultraviolet.
Light whose wavelength is longer than 780
nm is called infrared.
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
55/63
Light Used In Fiber Optics
Fiber optic systems transmit using infrared
light, invisible to the human eye, because it
goes further in the optical fiber at those
wavelengths
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
56/63
56
Transmission Medium (Guided)
Twisted pair
UTP
STP
Coaxial
Fiber Optic
Infra red
microwave
Satellite
TRANSMISSION MEDIUM (UNGUIDED)
work at
frequency wavelength
Twisted pair
CoaxialFiber optic
Infrared
Microwave
Satellite
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
57/63
57
100MHz
WaveguideCoaxial CableTwisted PairCable
Infrared
Visible
Ultraviolet
Optical Fiber
ExtraHigh
Frequency
EHF
SuperHigh
Frequency
SHF
UltraHigh
Frequency
UHF
VeryHigh
Frequency
VHF
High
Frequency
HF
Medium
Frequency
MF
Low
Frequency
LF
VeryLow
Frequency
VLF
Audio
Line-of-sightradio
Skywaveradio
Groundwaveradio
WavelengthFrequency
designations
Transmissionmedia
Propagationmodes
Representativeapplications
Frequency
Laser beam
100km 10km 1km 100m 10m 1m 10cm 1cm 10-6
m
Telep
hone
Telegraph
Mobilradio
VHFTV
andFM
Mobiland
Aeronautical
UHFTV
CB
radio
Amateurradio
AMbroadcasting
Aeron
autical
Submarinecable
Navi
gation
Transoce
anicradio
Broadb
andPCS
Wirelesscommunication
Cellular,Pager
Satellite-satellite
Microw
averelay
Earth-satellite
Ra
dar
Widebanddata
1kHz
10kHz
100kHz
1MHz
10MHz
1GHz
10GHz
1G0Hz
1014Hz
1015Hz
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
58/63
58
Frequency & Propagation Modes
100MHz
WaveguideCoaxial CableTwisted PairCable
Infrared
Visible
Ultraviolet
Optical Fiber
ExtraHigh
Frequency
EHF
SuperHigh
Frequency
SHF
UltraHigh
Frequency
UHF
VeryHigh
Frequency
VHF
High
Frequency
HF
Medium
Frequency
MF
Low
Frequency
LF
VeryLow
Frequency
VLF
Audio
Line-of-sightradio
Skywaveradio
Groundwaveradio
WavelengthFrequency
designations
Transmissionmedia
Propagationmodes
Representative
applications
Frequency
Laser beam
100km 10km 1km 100m 10m 1m 10cm 1cm 10-6
m
Telep
hone
Teleg
raph
Mobilradio
VHFTV
andFM
Mobiland
Aeronautical
UHFTV
CB
radio
Amate
urradio
AMbroadcasting
Aeron
autical
Submarinecable
Navi
gation
Transoce
anicradio
Broadb
andPCS
Wirelesscommunication
Cellular,Pager
Satellite-satellite
Microw
averelay
Earth-satellite
Ra
dar
Widebanddata
1kHz
10kHz
100kHz
1MHz
10MHz
1GHz
10GHz
1G0Hz
1014Hz
1015Hz
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
59/63
A signal can be propagated in 3 ways:
1. Ground-Wave Propagation
Frequency < 2 MHz
2. Sky-Wave Propagation
Frequency = 2 MHz - 30 MHz
3. Line-of-Sight Propagation
Frequency > 30 MHz
59
Propagation Modes
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
60/63
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Basic Communication System
1.2 Transmission Medium, Frequency,
Bandwidth
1.3 Othersnow
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
61/63
BERSNR
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
62/63
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Basic Communication System
1.2 Transmission Medium, Frequency, Bandwidth
1.3 Others
8/11/2019 Dastel Bab 1 Pengantar
63/63
Go. Go to Chapter 2
Thank You
Top Related