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Prof. Dr. Ir. Kamsani Abdul MajidDr. Adlansyah Abd Rahman
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UNITEN Green Technology Initiative
Institute of EnergyPolicy & Research
IEPRe
GREEN TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL
POWER ENGINEERING CENTRE (PEC) NUCLEAR ENERGY CENTRE (NEC) CENTRE FOR POWER SYSTEM SIMULATION (CPSS) CENTRE FOR COM SERVICE CONVERGENCE TECH (CCSCT) CENTRE FOR STORMWATER & GEOHAZARD MGMT(CSGM) CENTRE FOR ADVANCED COMPUTATIONAL ENG (CACE)
CENTRE FOR FORENSIC ENGINEERING (CeFE) CENTRE FOR SYSTEM ENGINEERING (CSE) CENTRE FOR POWER PLANT TECHNOLOGY AND
PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION (CPTPO) CENTRE FOR PHOTONIC TECHNOLOGY (CPT) CENTRE FOR SYSTEM & MACHINE INTELLIGENCE (CSMI)
CENTRE FOR RADIO FREQ & MICROWAVE ENG (CRFME)
Ministry of NaturalResources & Environment
Local &
OverseaUniversities
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~VISION~
To be a leading centre of excellence
and regional knowledge hub in
renewable energy
~MISSION~
CRE is committed to the advancement
of renewable energy sciences and
engineering through dedicatedresearch and developmentprograms,
the development oftechnologies and
practical applications, and transfers
knowledge and innovations withstrong links to industry
~VISION~
To be the premier R&D
organization for the electrical
supply industry globally
~MISSION~
We are committed to excellencein research & services
We want to enhance our
stakeholders interest through
leading edge technology
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TNB Subsidiaries
Commercial (International)IHL (International)
IHL (National)
Government Agencies
Partners and Collaborators
Commercial (National)
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CRE Focus R & D Areas and Programmes
Alternative EnergyNuclear capacity
buildingEnergy HarvesterResearch Programme
Fuel Cell & Hydrogen
EnergyEfficiency
Waste HeatRecovery
WindBuildingIntegrated LVWT
Enabling TechnologiesGrid interconnectionSmart Grid
HydroMini Hydro Programme
Solar
Off Grid PVGrid Connected PVProgrammePV Cell Material
Hybrid Systems
BiomassSolid Biofuel ProgrammeBiodiesel ProgrammeGasification Programme
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Services: Engineering Consultancy Quality Assurance Services Laboratory Services Environmental Services
Research:Applied Research
1. Environmental Research2. Power Plant Solutions
3. Power Transmission R&D
4. Power Distribution R&D
Advanced Research1. Green Technology
2. Smart Grid
3. Low Carbon Power Generation Technology
4. Emission and Waste Management
Technology
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Solid Biofuels Programme
Palm Kernel Shell(PKS)
MesocarpFibre
Empty Fruit Bunch(EFB)
Computational fluid modeling used tocomplement actual combustion trials
Two-stage combustor to simulate realboiler conditions
Biofuel briquettes -increases bulk density
reduces moisture content
Palm Residues as Biomass Fuel
Co-Combustion of Biomass with Coal
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Biomass Testing Facility
Calorific values
Proximate analyses
Ultimate analyses Fuel ash analyses
Grindability andsize distribution
Postgraduate Programme Opportunities
Opportunity to improve existingworkforce
Specialized training and involvementin various issues in renewable energyand green technology
Potential in becoming biomass/solidfuel specialist in Malaysia/SEA region
Masters/PhD courses available inUNITEN
Biomass Upgrading
Bio-coke / bio-char
Briquetting
Torrefaction
Solid Biofuels Programme
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Capacity BuildingOther Activities
Seminar & Conferences
International Seminar on Advances inRenewable Energy Technologies (ISARET)
International Conference on Energy &Environment (ICEE)
International Conference on Advancesin Renewable Energy Technologies(ICARET)
Malaysian Nuclear Science Technologyand Engineering Conference
(NUSTEC)Brain Gain Malaysia Program(MOSTI)
Prof. Dr. Ooi Boon Teck, McGillUniversity
- Malaysia Wind Map
Dr. Fereidoon P. Sioshansi, MenloEnergy Economics, California
- Keynote Speaker at ICEE 2009
- Electricity Generation in a CarbonConstrained World
Energy Institute, UK
CRE appointed to host
the newly formedMalaysia Branch
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Planned Facilities UNITEN RE Park
Grid Connected Biomass Gasification Plant Solar PV Research Park 2nd & 3rd Generation Biomass / Biofuels Syngas/biogas Integration for National Gas Grid Green Energy Storage and Management
LVWT Station Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Laboratories
UNITEN Green Campus Solar PV (1 MW, roof-top, BIPV) Biodiesel internal transportation Free of Plastics Campus
Smart Grid implementation
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Combustion Test Rig Facility
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Introduction Two stage cyclonic combustor to simulate pf boiler
Cyclonic combustion to provide suspension firing conditions
Primary reactormimics near burner region (reducing atmosphere)
Secondary reactormimics complete combustion regions
Flow directionsRefractory lining
Secondaryreactor
Primaryreactor
Primaryinlet
Secondaryinlet
Pulverised coal furnace
Region represented in primary reactor
Regions represented in secondary reactor
Design of cyclone combustor
Primary air
Secondary /
Over fire air
Coalfeed
Temperature profiles of two-stage combustor against a real pulverised coal boiler(Source : Cardiff University 2006)
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Grindability and size distribution EFB required several processes when
grinding:-
Hammer mill oven drying crushing knife milling
Adaro and PKS processing :-
Air dry crushing coal grinding
/ ball mill
Figure: Size distribution comparison on Adaro coal and EFB
Fuel crusher
Biomass CombustionPreparation
TNBR technician preparing
equipment for size distribution
Multipurpose lab grinder
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Biomass CombustionExperiment
Sectoral divisions of secondary reactor
exhaust
T14
T12 T13
T10 T11
T8 T9
T6 T7
secondary air
Sector 3
Sector 4
Sector 2
Sector 1
from
primary
reactor
T6 T14 : Thermocouple points
Figure 7. Temperature profiles when firing various fuel blends in thesecondary reactor
Similar trends observed across reactor
Biomass only combusts earlier
Higher temperatures in lower regions may affectslagging
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Model of cyclone combustorin GAMBIT
Solver:
GAMBIT: dimension and boundary construction
Fluent: processor for simulation modeling
Parameters Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation
Turbulence model: K-model
Energy equation: Non-adiabatic model
Simulation of residence time flow of airinside the combustor
Simulation of velocity profile to show swirling flow
Biomass CombustionComputational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
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Biomass CombustionActivities
Shredded biomassduring testing
Experiment testrig in operation View from primary inlet
Drying of biomass beforetesting and experiment
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Biomass Combustion: Market
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Biomass a difficult energy source . in view of:
Logistics (handling, transport and feeding)End-use (combustion, gasification, processing)
Difficult properties are:
Low energy density (LHVar= 10-17 MJ/kg) Hydrophilic
Vulnerable to biodegradation Tenacious and fibrous (grinding difficult) Poor flowability Heterogeneous
Biomass Combustion: Market
Pelletisation:
Homogeneous size, low moisture content, andhigh density means efficient transportation,
handling and combustion
High energy density
Pellets are friable can be pulverized as coal Provide dispatchable energy
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Biomass CombustionMarket
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Biomass Combustion: Market
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Summary Market Projections of Biomass Pellet (in thousand tonnes)
Source: Wood Pellet Association of Canada
Biomass Combustion: Market
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Biomass CombustionMarket
Source: ECN (Energy Research Centre of Netherlands)
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+ 50 development projects under way (EU & NA)
+ 10 claiming to be in production before end 2011
- eight distinctly different technologies
- only few front-runners with > 5 tonnes/hour
All have pros and cons, such as;
- limited capability of handling small particles- problems in producing durable pellets
- closing the gas loop
- high risk of dust explosions
- relatively good grindability characteristics
- limited experience with combustion- hydrophobicity & leaching uncertainty
Biomass CombustionBiomass upgrading
Source: ECN (Energy Research Centre of Netherlands)
Technology Status
Grindability of torrefied biomass
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Energy Outlook in Malaysia
Generation Capacity 2009 (27,700 MWe)
Source: Energy Commission
Generation Capacity 2030 (33,300 MWe)
Coal, 27.7
Gas, 53.7
Renewables,
5.3
Hydro, 7.6Oil/Diesel, 5.8
Coal, 32
Gas, 30
Renewables, 13
Nuclear, 6
Hydro, 19
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Sultan Azlan Shah Power Station
TNB Janamanjung Sdn Bhd
3 x 700 MWe ( +2 x 1000 MWe)*
Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Power Station
Kapar Energy Ventures Sdn Bhd
2 x 300 MWe + 2 x 500 MWe
Mukah Power Station
Mukah Power Generation Sdn Bhd
2 x 135 Mwe ( +2 x 155 MWe)*
Sejingkat Power Station
Sejingkat Power Corporation
2 x 50 MWe
PPLS Power Generation Sdn Bhd2 x 55 MWe
Tanjung Bin Power Station
Tanjung Bin Power Sdn Bhd3 x 700 MWe
Jimah Power Station
Jimah Energy Ventures Sdn Bhd
2 x 700 MWe
Total installed capacity =
7680MWe
*( 10.0GWe by 2015)
Contributes to 37.352
mil tonne CO2
Energy Outlook in MalaysiaCoal Power Plants
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Paddy
Oil Palm
Other Crops
Built Up Area
Sultan Azlan Shah Power Station
TNB Janamanjung Sdn Bhd
3 x 700 MWe ( +2 x 1000 MWe)*
Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Power Station
Kapar Energy Ventures Sdn Bhd
2 x 300 MWe + 2 x 500 MWe
Jimah Power Station
Jimah Energy Ventures Sdn Bhd
2 x 700 MWe
large oil palm mill ~100 tonne/hr ofFFB; 100km
several oil palm small mills ~ 30- 50tonne/hr of FFB; within 50km
large mill ~100 tonne/hr ; 45km
several oil palm small mills ~ 30- 50tonne/hr of FFB; within 50km
several oil palm small mills ~ 30- 50
tonne/hr of FFB; within 50km
paddy, coconut biomass pellet, 350kg/hr; 30km
Biomass Costs (/tonne)
EFB = RM18
PKS = RM168
Local transport = RM5/km
Coal = RM330
*surplus of Mesocarp Fibre,
Rice Husk & Sawdust
Energy Outlook in MalaysiaCofiring Potential eg.
Source: Ministry of Agriculture
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Conclusion
CRE and TNB Research able to provide services on biomasscombustion and characterization with state of the art
technology in Malaysia and regional area. UNITEN has the human capacity and facility to collaborate on
projects that is related to biomass quality upgrading,particularly for the power generation sector.
UNITEN requires industrial collaboration in knowledge andassistance and capital cost capabilities.
Biomass market is increasing in demand worldwide Malaysia with the right supply structure has expressed interest
in biomass combustion for power generation
The approach is in line with the countrys goals in RE and greentechnology agenda
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Figure 8. Simulated temperature profiles comparison
of 100% coal and Coal-EFB blends
100% coal Coal-biomass blends
Temperature distribution peaks
observed (sector 2 and 4)
A more uniformed temperature profile throughout
combustor
Less intense devolatilization as coal
has less light volatile matter
A more intense devolatilization due to presence of light
volatile matter from biomass
Possibility of unburned char within
ash formation
Biomass would assist on further combustion of coal char
Measurements from the secondary reactormodeled as it represents the second stageof a power plant furnace
flame occur in sector 2 with coal only asexpected from experiment
Coal-EFB blends show longer hot region(flame) in sector 3 and 4, may affect heattransfer regions of furnace
Table 2. Comparison of CFD simulation between 100% coal and coal-biomass blends
Biomass CombustionComputational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
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