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Major
Bodenschutz
Soil Protection
Prof. Dani Orand Dr. Peter Lehmann
Soil and Terrestrial Environmental Physics
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Contents
Why is soil protection important; functions of soil
Courses in major Soil Protection
Research/diploma topics
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The vadosezone
The vadose zone (also the unsaturated zone) is the biosphere compartment
between land surface and the saturated zone ("vadose= shallow in Latin) The vadose zone is where the biosphere meets the atmosphere, the
lithosphere and the hydrosphere)
In many places the vadose zone is synonymous with soil (humid regions) butnot always (e.g., arid regions with deep water tables)
Soil and the vadose zone
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Critical provisioning and regulating services by soil
Provides anchoring and growth mediafor higher plants (most of our food andfiber) supports >95% global biomass
Serves as water reservoir and functionsas a water purification system
Natures recycling system supportingglobal biogeochemical cycles (C, N)
Provides habitats to the largest numberof species in the biosphere
Used as building material and providesfoundation for engineered systems
The economic value of soil services is estimated at $100
Trillion (1014) per year exceeding annual global GNP (BSP)
of $70 Trillion (Costanza et al. 1997; Young 2006)
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Water storage function - although the amountof water held in soil pores in the vadose zone isless than 5% of the global fresh water reservoir
(less than 0.1% of total water), it has a key rolein life support
Vadose zone surfaces are main entry points forpollutants to subsurface, and actively
exchange water and energy with atmosphere
Water supply and exchange regulation
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Soil as a bioreactor
Key biogeochemical (carbon, nitrogen)cycles are regulated by soil processes
due to presence of inorganic andorganic material, air, water andorganisms
The vadose zone is the richest compartment of life hosting unparalleled microbialdiversity at all scales
A handful of fertile soil contains billions of microorganisms !
The passage of water through the small pore spaces, and numerous bio-geochemical interactions taking place across numerous interfaces makes thevadose zone the largest water purification system on the planet
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Spatial scales - from pore to watershed
Soil science is concerned with
processes taking place acrossmany spatial scales rangingfrom single pore(10-6m) to awatershed (104 m)
Proper consideration of thescale of a process and thephysics governing transitionsacross scales remain one ofmost important challenges for
earth sciences andengineering
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Why soil protection?
Soil and water contamination Natural hazards
and landslides
Soil contamination Natural Hazards
Water management
Salinization protection
Soil erosion
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Objectives of major Bodenschutz (soil protection)
To understand composition and structure of soil
To study key physical, chemical and biological processes insoils and their relation to soil architecture
To quantify role of soils on climate, stability, and waterbalance
To measure and model mass and energy fluxes in soils
(water, air, nutrients and pollutants)
To provide solutions for sustainable land use / management
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Mandatory Courses 1. semester
Environmental Soil Physics/ Vadose Zone Hydrology (D. Or)
The course addresses major biogeochemical processes that drive the cycling ofdifferent groups of trace elements (heavy metals, redox-sensitive trace elements,
chalcophile elements) in the environment, and the chemical methods that are
used to study the behavior of these elements in the geosphere.
Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements (C. Mikutta, A. Voegelin, J. G. Wiederhold)
Element Balancing in Managed Ecosystems (A. Keller)
Applying element balances of agricultural soils in computer exercises as a tool to
design and monitor preventive strategies against soil pollution and to support
sustainable management of regional agro-ecosystems.
The course provides the theoretical and practical basis for understanding and
quantifying physical and hydrological properties of soils and other porous media.
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Mandatory Courses 2. semester
Advanced Vadose Zone Hydrology (D. Or, P. Lehmann)
Advanced concepts required for quantifying flow and transport in partially-saturatedporous media are presented through a series of case studies designed to address
fundamental issues and requiring integration of concepts and teamwork towardsmeeting design and learning objectives. Formal lectures related to case studieswould provide the necessary foundation for addressing project objectives.
Fundamentals of soil mechanics including key processes: classification, siteinvestigation, stresses & their distribution in soils, influence of groundwater, piping,erosion & filters, stress-strain relationships, stress history, stiffness, strength, slopestability. Recent case histories of field monitoring experiments on slopes, withapplication of geophysical methods, are used for illustration.
Soil Mechanics / Soil Mechanics for geophysics
(S. Springman, R. Herzog, L.J. Seward)
Angewandte Bodenkunde - Applied Soil Sciences (M. Gnter, R. Schulin)
Am Beispiel einer zweckorientierten Bodenkartierung lernen die Studierenden, ihreKenntnisse in Bodenkunde auf praktische umweltrelevante Fragestellungenanzuwenden, wie beispielsweise die Kartierung der Verdichtungsempfindlichkeit von
Bden fr UVP-pflichtige Bauvorhaben, die Planung von Bodensanierungen etc.
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Bodenbiologie
(soil biology)
Bodenschutz- und Landnutzung(soil protection and land use)
Wildbach- und Hangverbau(management of hillslope and channel
processes)
Optional courses
Flora, Vegetation und Bden der Alpen(flora, vegetation and soils of the Alps)
Angewandte Bodenkunde(applied soil science)
Angewandte Bodenkologie(applied soil ecology)
kologie von Waldbden(ecology of forest soil)
Pedosphre (pedosphere)
Bodenchemie(soil chemistry)
Fall Semester Spring Semester
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Topics: Landslide research
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Topics: Water exchange between soil and atmosphere
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