Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria
Update on H5N1 HPAI
Berhanu Bedane, FAO
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria 2
OUTLINE• Introduction• Disease situation in West Africa• Disease control measures• Conclusions
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria
INTRODUCTION
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria 4
INTRODUCTION• Poultry is one of the fast growing sectors • Their number (all species ) grew from 290 million in 2000 to
555 million in 2013 (FAOSTAT, 2013)• 90% growth in 13 years or about an average 7% growth/Yr• The role they play in supporting livelihood particularly
women is significant
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria 5
INTRODUCTION• Increased consumption of poultry products (meat)
non-religious restriction & cheap imports• Ban on bush meat in EVD affected countries may
have also contributed to increased consumption • 6 to 7-fold increase projected in the consumption of
mostly poultry products by the year 2050
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria 6
INTRODUCTION• Huge potential & opportunities for the growth of
the poultry industry in West Africa, • TADs such as NCD & AI pose constant threats• 1st H5N1 HPAI case Kaduna state, Nigeria Feb. 2006• Between 2006 and 2008, 7 countries in W. Africa
affected
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria 7
INTRODUCTION• Niger (02/06), Burkina Faso (04/06), Cote d’Ivoire
(04/06), Ghana (04/07), Togo (06/07) and Benin (11/07) + Nigeria, Togo (08/08)
• Budgetary restriction of Vet. Services• Disease controlled with Support of international
community & national authorities
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria
DISEASE SITUATION
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria 9
DISEASE SITUATION• 1st outbreak in Kano Nigeria, 24.12.2014 confirmed
19.01.15• 2nd Burkina Faso, 10.02.2015 confirmed 31.03.15• 3rd Niger 02.04.2015 confirmed 21.04.15• 4th Cote d’Ivoire 09.04. 2015 confirmed 20.05.15• 5th Ghana 04.05.15 confirmed 04.06.15
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria 10
DISEASE SITUATIONNigeria• Kurna commercial poultry farm in Kano state• NVRI confirmed the presence of H5 on 8/01/15• IZSVe (Padova) confirmed H5N1 19/01/15• Since then 20 States + FCT of Nigeria were infected • As of 16/09/15, a total of 479 farms, 11 LBMs and a
Zoological Garden were infected• 1.56 million bird died/culled
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria
Distribution of HPAI in Nigeria (Source Fed. Dept. Vet. Services & PCS)
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria 12
DISEASE SITUATIONBurkina Faso• Disease confirmed on 31.03.15 Kadiogo & Sanguie
provinces• Since then 13 of 45 provinces affected• 228,500 birds died/culled• Losses estimated at about 4 billion fCFA• Outbreaks on declined from 34 in April to 4 in July• No new outbreak since 09.04.15
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria
HPAI outbreak distribution as of 08.06.15 (Source Dept. Vet. Services)
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria 14
DISEASE SITUATIONNiger• 25.03.15 an outbreaks of HPAI was suspected in
Maradi region on the border with Nigeria• National lab detected Influenza virus A on 05.04.15• 21.04.15 H5N1 confirmed by Padova• 1612 out of a total population of 2440 died• Stamping out, cleaning and disinfection measures
were applied• No further cases
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria 15
DISEASE SITUATIONCote d‘Ivoire• 1st cases recorded at Bouaké & LBM of Koumassi in
Abidjan 09.04.15 confirmed on 20.05.15• 3 regions affected• 34 outbreaks with 33,000 birds death/culling• 18/58 birds markets infected in Abidjan
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria 16
DISEASE SITUATIONGhana • 1st case 04.05.15 in Greater Accra region• Confirmed by Noguchi Virology Lab. on 22.05.15
and Padova 04.06.15• 12 outbreaks in 3 (Greater Accra, Volta & Ashanti)
the 10 regions • 33,143 birds died/culled • Last outbreak reported on 10.08.15
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria 17
DISEASE SITUATION
Country Start of event Date Confirmed Notification to OIE
FAO requested
Nigeria 24 .12.2014 19.01.2015 16.01.2015 16.01.2015Burkina Faso 10.02.015 31 .03.2015 01 .04.2015 01.04.2015Niger 02.04.2015 21.04.2015 22.04.2014
Côte d’Ivoire 09.04.2015 20.05.2015 28.05.2015 17.04.2015
Ghana 04.05.2015 (14.4.15) 22.5.2015* 04.6.15** 02.06.2015 26.05.2015
Benin Not Affected but at risk 05.02.2015Togo “ 09.02.2015Cameroon “ 25.02.2015Mali “ 30 .04.2015
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria
DISEASE CONTROL MEASURES
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria 20
DISEASE CONTROL MEASURESActions so far• Country support missions FAO CMC-AH• Emergency regional meeting & formulation of a
one-year project 6.6 million USD• Global AI Grant of 2.5 million USAID, about 100,000
for each of the affected countries• Emergence TCP in Nigeria & Cote d’Ivoire• Under preparation in Burkina Faso & Ghana
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria 21
COUNTRY SUPPORT MISSIONSFAO missions in H5N1 HPAI infected & at risk countries in West & Central Africa
No. Country Official request received
Period missions undertaken
1 Nigeria 15 – 24 February 2015
2 Benin 5 February 2015 22 – 28 February 2015
3 Togo 9 February 2015 1 – 7 March 2015
4 Cameroon 25 February 2015 8 – 16 April 2015
5 Burkina Faso 1st April 2015 19 – 27 April 2015
6 Mali 30 April 2015 10 – 18 May 2015
7 Côte d’Ivoire 17 April 2015 12-21 May 2015
8 Ghana 26 May 2015 7 – 13 June 2015
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria 22
COUNTRY SUPPORT MISSIONS
OBJECTIVES Assist Veterinary Services in;• evaluation of epidemiological situation • identification of risk factors for introduction
(countries at risk) & spread (affected)• assessment & adaptation of control & prevention
options• advise on communication needs, strategy &
campaigns
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria 23
COUNTRY SUPPORT MISSIONS
OBJECTIVES• coordination mechanisms among different stakeholders• appropriateness of existing policies (i.e. contingency
plan) & procedures (i.e. SOPs)• needs assessment on laboratory equipment, reagents &
consumables • actions needed in the short, medium & long term for
prevention & control • material, human & financial resources needs for actions
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria
CHALLENGES
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria 25
CHALLENGESDisease investigation• Delay between suspicion & investigation• lack of early warning & preparedness
Emergency response• emergency response inadequate. Outdated
legislation or unavailability of resources• no legal provision for movement control or
enforcing capacity
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria 26
CHALLENGES• lack of information flow among key actors both at
national & sub-regional levels• lack of collaboration among different actors• no clear compensation policy• delay in compensation or lower value than
expectations compromises cooperation of farmers
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria 27
CHALLENGES• limited Involvement of the private sector• Inadequate resources for disease surveillance &
control• Laboratories & quarantine stations are not fully
functional• Breakdown of equipment & vehicles affected
mobility & disease investigation • Poor bio-security of hatcheries, poultry farms & LBM
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria 28
• lack of communication strategies & means of implementation
• poultry farmers not aware about the disease & its transmission
• shortage of well trained laboratory personnel & diagnostic reagents & consumables
• lack of SOPs for control measures (culling, disinfection, safe disposal, etc..)
CHALLENGES
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria 29
RECOMMENDATIONS MADE• Introduce active disease surveillance for early
detection• Strengthen collaboration among different actors• Review of the animal disease act where it is
outdated• Increase risk assessment capacities both at country
& sub-regional levels• Enforce movement restrictions by involving security
agencies
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria 30
RECOMMENDATIONS MADE• Create awareness on the disease • Improve bio-security & good farming & market
practices• Training on bio-security, disease recognition,
surveillance, prevention & control• Provision of materials for safe depopulation &
decontamination of farms, LBM• Provision of reagents for laboratories & the
necessary operating funds for disease control
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria 31
RECOMMENDATIONS MADE• Strengthen inter-agency collaboration• Strengthen collaboration with producers’
organizations • Regular update & sharing of information with the
general public & neighboring countries• Activate an appropriate communication plan with
full integration of risk communication.
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria 32
ACTIVITIES CONDUCTEDSupported investigation of suspected outbreaks &
confirmation of the disease• Signed LoA with the IZSVe Padova to
(i) assist in confirmatory laboratory diagnosis, (ii) perform advanced characterization of AI viruses
• Support in sample shipment • Risk assessment of the introduction & spread of
H5N1 HPAI
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria 33
ACTIVITIES CONDUCTEDSupported H5N1 HPAI control efforts in affected countries• Appointed consultants, Nigeria, Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana• Provision of materials & logistic support for
depopulation & disinfection• Capacity building in disease recognition, investigation
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria 34
ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED• Support in communication & capacity development
• Support in improving H5N1 HPAI diagnostic capacity of national diagnostic laboratories
• IAEA conducted training, provided emergency tool box
• Resource mobilizing for the control of H5N1 HPAI• Steps taken in improving Regional Coordination
regional emergency meeting June/15
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria
CONCLUSIONS
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria 36
CONCLUSIONS• 5 countries affected from end of 2014 to September
2015• 4 countries at risk also requested FAO assistance• Technical support mission undertaken in 8 countries• Countries were not prepared to swiftly confirm &
control the disease• FAO mobilised its own resources & from other FTPs
in supporting countries
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria 37
• About 100,000 USD made available to each of the affected countries for immediate assistant
• Emergency TCP approved and operational in Nigeria & Cote d’Ivoire at advanced stage for Burkina Faso and Ghana
• Emergency regional meeting and formulation of a one-year project
• Coordination at country & regional level, compensation & enforcing movement control remain major challenges
CONCLUSIONS (Cont.)
Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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