8/10/2019 Culture - Sociology pd
1/28
Jon Witt
Alana Hermiston
2 nd Canadian Edition
SOC
2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. All rights reserved. 1
8/10/2019 Culture - Sociology pd
2/28
CULTURE 3
2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. All rights reserved. 2
8/10/2019 Culture - Sociology pd
3/28
Culture and Society
2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. All rights reserved. 3
Culture totality of our shared language,knowledge, material objects,practices and beliefs.
LO-1
8/10/2019 Culture - Sociology pd
4/28
8/10/2019 Culture - Sociology pd
5/28
The Development of Culture Around the World
Innovationprocess of introducing newideas or objects to a culture
Discoverymaking known or sharing theexistence of an aspect ofreality
Invention results when existingcultural items are combinedin a form that did not exist before
2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. All rights reserved. 5
LO-2
8/10/2019 Culture - Sociology pd
6/28
Globalization and Diffusion
2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. All rights reserved. 6
Cultural innovation can be highlyglobalized
Diffusion
process by which some aspect of culturespreads from group to group or society tosocietymass media, the Internet, immigration, and
tourism accelerate diffusion and transmission ofculturehas led to the cultural domination of developingnations by more affluent nations
LO-3
8/10/2019 Culture - Sociology pd
7/28
CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE
Learned Shared Transmitted Cumulative Human Dynamic Culture is socially constructed
2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. All rights reserved. 7
8/10/2019 Culture - Sociology pd
8/28
CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE Culture defines us and our way of life
providing us with an understanding of oursociety and our place in it. It provides us withcodes of behavior.
As a process it delivers the values of a societythrough products and other meaning makingforms (Campbell et. Al. 2012).
This can be both freeing and constricting.
2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. All rights reserved. 8
8/10/2019 Culture - Sociology pd
9/28
Material culturephysical or technological aspects ofour daily lives
Elements of Culture
2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. All rights reserved. 9
Nonmaterial culture ways of using material objects as well
as customs, ideas, expressions, beliefs, knowledge, philosophies,governments, and patterns ofcommunication.
LO-3
8/10/2019 Culture - Sociology pd
10/28
Elements of Culture
2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. All rights reserved. 10
Technologycultural information about how to usethe material resources of theenvironment to satisfy human needsand desires
Culture lagperiod of adjustment when nonmaterialculture is struggling to adapt to newconditions of the material culture.
LO-3
8/10/2019 Culture - Sociology pd
11/28
MATERIAL CULTURE Material culture includes items that you
can touch or feel. It is the STUFF ofeveryday life.
Examples are: buildings cars Electronics (computers, IPods, cells, tablets) clothing crafts and artifacts
2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. All rights reserved. 11
8/10/2019 Culture - Sociology pd
12/28
NON-MATERIAL CULTURE
Symbols Language
Gestures Values Beliefs Behavior Norms, Folkways, Mores, Laws
2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. All rights reserved. 12
8/10/2019 Culture - Sociology pd
13/28
SYMBOLS Make culture possible Symbols are those things that are
used to give meaning to somethingthat goes beyond what it actually is(Johnson, 2008, 39)
Symbols are one of the building
blocks of culture and the ideas thatserve to give things meaning and build the reality we live in (Johnson, 2008, 40)
2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. All rights reserved. 13
8/10/2019 Culture - Sociology pd
14/28
EXAMPLES OF SYMBOLS
2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. All rights reserved. 14
8/10/2019 Culture - Sociology pd
15/28
Elements of Culture
2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. All rights reserved. 15
Language : system of shared symbols
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis Language is not a givenLanguage precedes thoughtLanguage is culturally determined
Language may color how we see worldLanguage can transmit gender and racialstereotypes
LO-3
LO 3
8/10/2019 Culture - Sociology pd
16/28
Elements of Culture
2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. All rights reserved. 16
Nonverbal communication
use of gestures, facial expressions, andother visual images to communicatenonverbal communication is learned
nonverbal communication is differentin different cultures
LO-3
8/10/2019 Culture - Sociology pd
17/28
8/10/2019 Culture - Sociology pd
18/28
Defining CanadianPeople
Canadians believe in:
Equality
Fairness
Diversity
ToleranceHumanRights
Generosity
Freedom
LO-3
2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. All rights reserved. 18
LO 5
8/10/2019 Culture - Sociology pd
19/28
Formal norms
generally written; specify strictpunishments
Informal normsgenerally understood but not preciselyrecorded
Mores (Formal)norms deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society
Folkways (Informal)norms governing everyday behaviour
Elements of Culture
2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. All rights reserved. 19
Norms : established standards of behaviourmaintained by a society
LO-5
LO 5
8/10/2019 Culture - Sociology pd
20/28
Elements of CultureNorms
not followed in all situations
weak norms may be ignoredmay be violated due to norm conflictadherence contingent on changes in
political, economic, and socialconditions
2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. All rights reserved. 20
LO-5
LO 5
8/10/2019 Culture - Sociology pd
21/28
Elements of Culture
2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. All rights reserved. 21
Sanctions penalties and rewards for conduct
concerning a social normpositive sanctions include pay raises,medals, and words of gratitude
negative sanctions include fines, threats,imprisonment, and stares of contempt
LO-5
LO 3
8/10/2019 Culture - Sociology pd
22/28
Culture and theDominant Ideology
2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. All rights reserved.22
Dominant ideologythe set of cultural beliefs and practices thatlegitimate existing powerful social, economic,and political interests
helps explain and justify who gets what and why in a way that supports and maintainsthe status quoMarx argued that a capitalist society has adominant ideology that serves the interestsof the ruling class
LO-3
LO 3
8/10/2019 Culture - Sociology pd
23/28
Aspects of Cultural
Variation
2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. All rights reserved. 23
Subculturesegment of society that shares distinctivepattern of mores, folkways, and values thatdiffers from the pattern of the larger society
Argot : specialized language that
distinguishes a subculture fromthe wider society
LO-3
LO-3
8/10/2019 Culture - Sociology pd
24/28
Subculture Slang
2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. All rights reserved.24
Source: Luc Reid. 2006. Talk the Talk: The Slang of 65 AmericanSubcultures. Cincinnati, OH: Writers Digest Books.
LO-3
LO-3
8/10/2019 Culture - Sociology pd
25/28
Aspects of Cultural Variation
2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. All rights reserved. 25
Counterculture subculture that conspicuously anddeliberately opposes certain aspects of the
larger cultureHippiesTerrorist cells
Culture shockthe feelings of disorientation, uncertainty,and even fear that people experience whenthey encounter unfamiliar cultural practices
LO-3
LO-4
8/10/2019 Culture - Sociology pd
26/28
Aspects of Cultural
Variation
2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. All rights reserved. 26
Ethnocentrism
tendency to assume that ones ownculture and way of life representthe norm or are superior to all
others
LO 4
LO-4
8/10/2019 Culture - Sociology pd
27/28
Aspects of Cultural Variation
2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. All rights reserved. 27
Cultural relativism viewing peoples behaviour fromthe perspective of their own culture
LO 4
8/10/2019 Culture - Sociology pd
28/28
2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. All rights reserved. 28
Top Related