Culture, Identity and Property Market. Redevelopment of post-industrial district Zablocie in Krakow
Malgorzata Zieba, PhD. Institute of Real Estate Market Department of Real Estate and Investment EconomicsKrakow University of Economics
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Zablocie – old industrial district of Krakow
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Research goals and potential application of results
Verify impacts of culture for redevelopment of post-industrial areas according to Evans [2005, Measure for Measure: evaluating the Evidence of Culture’s
Contribution to Regeneration, Urban Studies, Vol. 42, Nos 5/6] culture contributes to Physical regeneration of the area, eg.: changes in land use and building use,
design of public space Economic regeneration, eg.: competitiveness and growth Social regeneration, eg.: social inclusion, identity, social capital, citizenship
Application of results Improving the adequacy of local government redevelopment policy
instruments Enhanced knowledge of cultural policy impacts, particularly on local
society’s quality of life and local economic development (cultural policy) Understanding development patterns of local property markets in areas
undergoing regeneration
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Research rationale & hypothesis Vast literature and several studies on the cultural regeneration and its
impacts does not give clear answer how it really influences redevelopment, what its impacts on physical, economic and social development are
Problem of measuring the impacts and evaluating the effects has not been yet solved
Polish experience and research in the field of cultural regeneration is very limited – remarkable knowledge gap
Hypothesis: Public infrastructural investments, investment facilitation (i.e. zoning map) necessary for redevelopment but cultural regeneration makes the area more human, friendly, attractive, known and positively recognized
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Cultural regeneration of Zablocie According to Colomb [2011], the term „cultural
regeneration” means that cultural activities, infrastructure and events, are integrated into an area regeneration strategy alongside other environmental, social and economic acitivities Claire Colomb, 2011: Culture in the city, culture for the city? The political
construction of the trickle-down in cultural regeneration strategies in Roubaix, France; Town Planning Review, vol. 82(1)2011.
Regeneration of Zablocie, follows the global trend in the reshaping of urban economies and urban regeneration based on cultural and creative industries
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Theoretical debate over the role of culture in urban regeneration
Evans, G. [2005, 2004]: measuring impacts of cultural activities on urban regeneration, Wansborough, Mageean [2000]: culture of great importance for local economic development and
city marketing; significance of urban design for urban regeneration Garcia [2004]: cultural regeneration the result of emerging notion of culture as an economic asset;
cultural consumption & cultural production; sustainability of cultural investments’ results; social aspect
Colomb [2011]: significance of cultural investments for urban regeneration, urban competitiveness due to support for creative industries; limited and not fully recognized impact on social inclusion processes
Francesca et al. [2010] high value added of cultural sectors in times of global restructing of economies and industries; evaluating the culture-led regeneration
Bailey, Miles, and Stark [2004]: „overriding assumption that culture-led regeneration has a trickle-down effect insofar as it enhances the quality of life of the wider community”. They concentrate on the strengthening of pre-existing sense of identity due to cultural investments and see it as major role of culture-led regeneration
Sepe, Di Trapani [2010]: culture and creative industries as reflection of changing urban renewal policies that include identity, and social aspects more and more („cities are not just buildings and material structures, but also persons, networsk and intangible elements such as memory, history, social relationships, emotional experiences and cultural identities”)
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
creative industries
city competitiveness
Culture Cultural
regeneration
Production and consumption of
culture
Neglected Areas
Regeneration
Social inclusion Local identity
Economic Revival
Physical and spatial renewal
City brand
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Research methods analysis of market data on property market: transaction prices and
commercial investments questionnaire (internet survey) among residents of the area, local
businessmen, and other members of local society – not completed yet
In-depth structured interviews with major investors and local government officials (strategy, culture) – not completed yet
general public opinion on Zablocie: analysis of internet discussion platforms, local newspapers, students’ opinion on Zablocie – partly completed
on-site observation, regular, twice a year photographic documentation of changes and developments since 2006
analysis of secondary sources of information: local government strategic documents, investment reports, local legal acts;
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Identified disadvantaged areas in Krakow (2006)
I. Old Town, Kazimierz: historic, mix-use, centre of contemporaty metropolis
II. Old Podgorze, Zablocie: post-industrial and residential, historic
III. Zakrzowek&DebnikiIV. Krowodrza:
residential, post-industrial (old transporta railway routes and stations)
V. Old Nowa Huta: residential, historic, post-socialist townVI. Plaszow: post-industrial, railwayVII. Lagiewniki: post-industrialVIII. Nowa Huta East: surroundings of steel work
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Urban regeneration areas in Krakow 2012
existing Local Urban Regeneration Programs:
1. Krakow Zablocie (2006)2. Krakow Old Town with
Jewish District Kazimierz and Old Podgorze (2008)
3. Krakow ‘old’ Nowa Huta (2008)
2
1
3
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Regeneration of post-industrial district Zablocie – programming and legal frameworkStrategic development documents of the City:
Study of Spatial Development Conditions and Directions (2003)
Urban Regeneration Program for Krakow (2005) Development Strategy for Krakow (2005) Long-term Investment Plans for Krakow Local Zoning Plans Malopolski Regional Operational Program 2007-2013 Local Regeneration Program for Zablocie: 2006, modified and
updated in 2010
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Regeneration area
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Old Town - city centre
Zablocie
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Zablocie: functional division and diversification in Local Zoning Plan
A: Old residential areas, historic, CBH
B: Post-industrial area, commercial and housing developments, historic monuments, culture, education. Strategic area
C: Post-industrial area, least developed, mostly mono-functional, commercial
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Zablocie – some features of the area
Area (in hectares)
Population Density of population(people per square km)
Number of private companies
Zablocie 175 4 222Area A: 84%Area B: 5%Area C: 11%
241 677 (mostly SME up to 19 employees)
Krakow 32 700 756 529 2 313,5 104 668
0,607% 0,094% - 0,0064%
Source: Local urban regeneration programme for Zablocie, December 2008 updated version, City Council, Krakow
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Zablocie – goals of the urban regeneration programme
1. Economic: stimulation of economic development
2. Social: activation, participation3. Spatial:
spatial organization, protection of natural resources and cultural heritage, organization of built environment
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Transport – public investments new Kotlarski Bridge (completed and ready to use on
8th December 2001) new connection between southern
districts of Podgorze and Zablocie with Krakow inner city, northern and eastern districts
part of the strategic transport route Central Route, connecting eastern and northerndistricts of Krakow with southerndistricts and intercity roads (A4
cost 132.7 million PLN (circa €33million) 2 tram routes, 2-lane streets plus safety lanes, bicycle lanes, pedestrian
walks.
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Transport – public investments City transit road: Herlinga-
Grudzinskiego Street (with Kotlarski Bridge its a part of Central Route), 4-lane road with parallel tram lanes
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Transport – public investments City Fast Tram Line and several ‘regular’ tram lines along
Herlinga-Grudzinskiego, providing public transportation for new housing developments south of Zablocie and for Zablocie itself
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Cultural Investments in Zablocie Museum of Contemporary Art in Krakow MOCAK Historical Museum of the City of Kraków, new
branch of the Museum - Oskar Schindler’s Enamel Factory
Plac Bohaterow Getta (Square of Ghetto Heroes) Museum Cricoteka (Taduesz Kantor artwork and art
heritage museum) – under construction
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
MOCAK 2004: Idea of museum of modern art emerged 2005:
City of Krakow purchases premises of former Oskar Schindler’s Enamel Factory – future location of MOCAK and Historical Museum
Ministry of Culture and President of Krakow signed agreement on financing the investment
2007: architectural project of MOCAK accepted 2009: construction starts: adaptation of 6 old buildings and
construction of one entirely new Mai 2011: official opening of MOCAK Total cost of investment: PLN 70 Million (ca. €17.5Million) Exhibition area: 10 000 square meters Most important public cultural institution contend with modern art in
Krakow
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Oskar Schindler’s Enamel Factory 2002: industrial activities in the premises of the old Enamel Factory ceased 2005:
City of Krakow purchased premises of former Oskar Schindler’s Enamel Factory – future location of MOCAK and Historical Museum (Enamel Factory)
2007: Former administrative building of the Schindler’s factory became the seat of a
new branch of the Historical Museum of the City of Kraków autumn 2008:
part of the exibition opened: temporary short exibition on the history of place June 2010:
Official opening of the permanent exhibition presenting the history of Kraków and its residents under Nazi German occupation (1939–1945)
Member of International Coalition of Sites of Conscience Part of the Krakow Memory Route
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Former Enamel Factory premises in 2005
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Former Enamel Factory premises in 2009
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Enamel Factory premises in 2009
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Enamel Factory premises in 2009
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Historical Museum of the City of Kraków, new branch of the Museum - Oskar Schindler’s Enamel Factory in 2012
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Historical Museum of the City of Kraków, new branch of the Museum - Oskar Schindler’s Enamel Factory in 2012
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Museum of Contemporary Art in Krakow MOCAK
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Museum of Contemporary Art in Krakow MOCAK
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Museum of Contemporary Art in Krakow MOCAK
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Diamante Plaza – office building first modern office
building in Zablocie
completed in 2009 Spanish developer
Aldesa A-class offices ca. 10 000 square
meters of office space
Construction cost estimated at ca. PLN 60-70 million
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Diamante Plaza – office building
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Garden Residence - housing first new residential project in Zablocie Alpha Development (Greek developer) completed in 2010 451 apartments, 512 parking sites Site area: 2,52 hectares PLN 7 000 – 11 000 / sqm premises of former cosmetics factory Miraculum estimated cost ca. PLN 100 000 000
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Mlyn Lofts – luxury housing unique in Krakow project of
adaptation of post-industrial building (mill) into housing – lofts
Polish developer Krakow Lofts 6-storey building, 57 apartments 2007 – 2009 adaptation and
completion Ca. PLN 15 000 / square meter
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Mlyn Lofts – luxury housing, neighbouring old factory
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Mlyn Lofts – under construction
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
College of Krakowska Akademia Constructed 2004 –
2008 Private college premises ca. 2
hectares Constructed in 3
stages
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Vistula River Boulevards – green areas
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Vistula River – developments on the other side
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Zablocie: old and still industrial
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Zablocie: old and still industrial
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Zablocie: old and still industrial
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Zablocie: old and still industrial
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Zablocie – multiplier effect of public investments Public investments:
Kotlarski Bridge Herlinga Road MOCAK Schindler’s Factory Tram Line Square of Ghetto Heroes
ca. PLN 300 million 2001-2010
Private investments: Office projects (Diamante Plaza
and other under construction: Enterprise Park)
Garden Residence Mlyn Lofts Przemyslowa 15 Apartments Krakowska Akademia
Ca. 500 million 2004 - 2011
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Notion, recognition of the district – preliminary results of the researchSurvey among students of real estate and spatial economy 52 responses Students as focus group „general public”: assumption that studying
real estate and spatial economy makes them more knowledgeable of local development programs and problems, strategic for development areas, investments etc.
Students at bachelor, master and postgraduate level Most of them under 30 years (72%) 36% of them for the first time ever heard on Zablocie during
lectures and site-trip. 46% of students lives in Krakow They were asked about their opinion on Zablocie (open questions),
on important investments for the development, on their knowledge of cultural and tourist attractions, on the factors of Zablocie attractiveness as a place to live and/or work;
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Do you think Zablocie is an attractive district?
36%
75% 75%
19%25%
45%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
as a place tolive
as a place towork, settle the
office of thecompany
as an area toinvest in real
estate
as a place tospend free time(culture, night
life, sport)
as a place tostudy
as a place towork
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
What factors, make Zablocie attractive district?
77%
72%
28%
51%
28%
30%
28%
49%
15%
4%
2%
49%
42%
30%
51%
17%
4%
2%
15%
23%
19%
2%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
Location
Public and private transportation
Low prices of properties
Close distance to the Vistula Boulevards
History, special identity of the district
No limits for new investments because ofno CBH protection
Existing local zoning plan
Availability of investment land
Cultural institutions and touristattractions
Prestige of the district
Attractive neighbourhood
an area to invest, have office, work an area to live, spend free time, recreation
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
79%
28%
43%
42%
64%
58%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
development of transportation facilities: KotlarskiBridge, Herlinga-Grudzinskiego Road, new tram
and bus lines
construction of commercial office buildings likeDiamante Plaza
construction of new residential buildings
opening of Museum of Contemporary Art KrakowMOCAK
opening of the Historical Museum of the City ofKrakow "Schindler's Factory"
location of the campus of the College of KrakowskaAkademia
Which investments (private, commercial, of Local Government) enhanced attractiveness and recognition of Zablocie?
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Which cultural institutions, tourist attractions of Zablocie you know?
36%
11%4%
58%
Schindler's Factory
MOCAK
MHMK
none
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
How would you describe Zablocie (choose 3 descriptive words)?
53%
45%
6%
2%
55%
17%15%
11%
8%
2%
25%
developing area, 'withfuture'
commercial
nice
industrial
interesting
unique ’the only one likethis'
important address on thecultural map of Krakow
ugly
chaotic
neglected
unfriendly
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
What would make the district more attractive as location for economic activities?
55%
68%
28%
28%
34%
45%
49%
45%
0%
2%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
more green and recreational areas, development ofthe Vistula Boulevards
improving the quality of public space (roads, streets,pedestrian walks, etc.)
more cultural initiatives and projects
more entertainment facilities
improving the quality and technical state of housingstock
more social infrastructure facilities (schools,kindergarten, services, shopping, etc)
more investment in technical and communicationinfrastructure
more promotion
more support for investors
others
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Property market in Zablocie „Each story of regeneration begins with poetry and ends with real estate” Klunzman, K. (2004) keynote speech to Interreg III Mid-term Conference, Lille, in: Regeneration and Renewal, 19 November.
transaction prices 2006 – 2011 all types of properties: residential, land, houses database that was accessed included only
representative transactions in major residential projects like Garden Residence; hence limited number of transactions presented
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Transactions and prices of land
127,47
1086,96
792,39
470,59
1495,51
176,99181,27
271,92
231,1
526,11
620,35
401,52
367,57
599,32532,86
383,62
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
2006
-01-
01
2006
-04-
01
2006
-07-
01
2006
-10-
01
2007
-01-
01
2007
-04-
01
2007
-07-
01
2007
-10-
01
2008
-01-
01
2008
-04-
01
2008
-07-
01
2008
-10-
01
2009
-01-
01
2009
-04-
01
2009
-07-
01
2009
-10-
01
2010
-01-
01
2010
-04-
01
2010
-07-
01
2010
-10-
01
2011
-01-
01
2011
-04-
01
2011
-07-
01
2011
-10-
01
Price per square meter PLN
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Transactions and prices of land in Zablocie 2006-2011
2006-03-242006-10-10
2007-04-282007-11-14
2008-06-012008-12-18
2009-07-062010-01-22
2010-08-102011-02-26
2011-09-142012-04-01
Var1
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Var2
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Transactions and prices of apartments
3121,21
5100
9570,84
4148,154804,77
18084,09
12950,0413667,45
4014,31
3301,13
4646,464617,83
8371,94
6593,26
10647,63
4972,73
3893,44
9986,53
7714,44
8457,88 8571,82
10594,8210508,81
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
2006-01-01
2006-04-01
2006-07-01
2006-10-01
2007-01-01
2007-04-01
2007-07-01
2007-10-01
2008-01-01
2008-04-01
2008-07-01
2008-10-01
2009-01-01
2009-04-01
2009-07-01
2009-10-01
2010-01-01
2010-04-01
2010-07-01
2010-10-01
2011-01-01
2011-04-01
2011-07-01
2011-10-01
Price per square meter
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Transactions, prices and price-trend in Zablocie 2006-2011
2006-03-242006-10-10
2007-04-282007-11-14
2008-06-012008-12-18
2009-07-062010-01-22
2010-08-102011-02-26
2011-09-142012-04-01
Var1
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
Var2
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Transactions and prices of houses
1666,67
2603,23
1523,81
1523,81
1167,57
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
2006-01-01 2007-05-16 2008-09-27 2010-02-09 2011-06-24
Price per square meter PLN
Multifamily town-houses
750,181013,33
4857,44
0100020003000400050006000
Price per square meter PLN
Dr Małgorzata Zieba [email protected]
ERES 19th Annual Conference,13th-16th June 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland
Conclusions Infrastructural investments & regulations (hardware) had
major impact on area redevelopment but in the ‘next phase’ and longer time, cultural investments may create the image, improve the quality of life (software)
major impact on the district’s image had: public infrastructural investments cultural projects, i.e. Schindler’s Factory, MOCAK development of educational facilities
district is still perceived as neglected, industrial no consistent, strong positive image has emerged district seen as attractive because of location features,
communication & transportation, investment feasibility (zoning map, no cultural built heritage protection)
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