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Crop Insect Pest: Cash crops:Pest of sugarcane WeatherSoilWaterSeedFarm EnterprisesNutritionPost Harvest TechnologyBio TechnologyBio-Fuels
Insect pests of sugarcane
Crop: Sugarcane
S.N: Saccharum officinarum
Family: Poaceae
Pests
Important pests
Early shoot borer- Chilo infuscatellus Symptoms Identification Management
Stem or internode borer: Chilo sacchariphagus indicus Symptoms Identification Management
Top shoot borer, Scripophaga excerptalis Symptoms Identification Management
Leafhopper, Pyrilla perpusilla Symptoms Identification Management
Whitefly, Aleurolobus barodensis Symptoms Identification Management
Cane mealy wing whitefly, Neomaskellia bergii Symptoms Identification Management
Scale insect, Melanaspis glomerata Symptoms Identification Management
Mealy bug, Kiritshenkella sacchari Symptoms Identification Management
Wooly Aphid: Ceratovacuna lanigera ; C. Graminum Symptoms Identification Management
Aphid, Melanaphis sacchari, M.indosacchari Symptoms Identification Management
Termite, Odontotermes obesus Symptoms Identification Management
Root grub, Holotrichia consanguinea; H. serrata, Symptoms Identification Management
1. Early shoot borer- Chilo infuscatellus Symptoms of damage
Dead heart in 1-3 months old crop, which can be easily pulled outRotten portion of the straw coloured dead heart emits an offensive odour Bore holes at the base just above the ground level
Bore holes Side tiller formation
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Crop insect pest :: Cash Crops :: Pest of Sugarcane http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/crop_protection/crop_prot_crop_insectpest _s...
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Dead heart Dead heart
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Identification of the pest
Larva - Five dark violet stripes and dark brown headAdult - Pale greyish brown moth with white hind wings
Larva Adult
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MANAGEMENT
Early planting during main season.Intercrop: Daincha – low shoot borer incidenceTrash mulching: 10 – 15 cm thickness on 3 days after plantingEarthing up: 45 th Days After Planting (DAP).Remove and destroy dead heartsSpray Granulosis virus 106 – 107 twice on 35 and 50 days after planting (DAP)Tachinid parasite: Sturmiopsis inferens @ 125 gravid females from 30- 50 days of plantingWhorl application: Sevidol 4G @ 12.5 kg or Lindane 10 G 12 kg + 37.5 kg of sand / haSoil application: Carbofuran 3G @ 33 kg/ ha or chlorpyriphos @ 12.5kg/ haSpray endosulfan 35 EC @ 1000 ml or chlorpyriphos 20 EC @1000 ml / ha or NSKE 5 % twice.
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2. Stem or internode borer: Chilo sacchariphagus indicusSymptoms of damage
Internodes constricted and shortened with a number bore holes and frass in the nodal regionAffected tissues reddened
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Damages of internode borer
Feeding injury Reddening of cane Bore holes
Identification of the pest
Larva - four violet or pink stripes and light brown head
Larva Adult
Adult - Pale brown with white hind wings
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Management
Crop insect pest :: Cash Crops :: Pest of Sugarcane http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/crop_protection/crop_prot_crop_insectpest _s...
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Collect and destroy the eggs periodicallyDetrash: 150 and 210 DAPAvoid use of excessive nitrogen fertilizersEgg parasitoid: Trichogramma chilonis @ 2.5 c.c / ha (6 releases from 4th month onwards at 15 daysinterval)
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3. Top shoot borer, Scripophaga excerptalis Symptoms of damage
Parallel rows of shot holes in the emerging leaves andRed tunnels in the midribs of leavesDead heart in grown up canes which cannot be easily pulledDead heart reddish brown in colourBunchy top due to growth of side shoots
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Damages of top Shoot Borer
Shot holes on leaves Bunch top Dead heart
Identification of the pest
Larva - Smooth, white or cream coloured with a red coloured mid dorsal lineAdult - White coloured moth. Female has buff coloured anal tuft in abdominal tips
Larva Adult
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Management
Collect and destroy the egg massesRelease Ichneumonid parasitoid: Isotima javensis @ 125 females / ha (prepupal parasitoid)
[NOTE: fields showing more than 10 percent top borer infestation.]
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4. Leafhopper, Pyrilla perpusilla Symptoms of damage
Leaves become yellowCovered with black sooty mouldTop leaves get dried up and lateral buds germinate
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Identification of the pest
Nymph - soft, pale brown dorsally and pale orange ventrallywith two characteristic anal filaments Adult - Straw coloured, head pointing forward as a snout
Adult
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Management
Avoid excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizersSet up light trap Detrash: 150 and 210th DAP Release lepidopteran parasitoid:Epiricrania melanoleuca @8000 -10,000 cocoon /ha (or) 8 - 10 lacs egg/ha.
Crop insect pest :: Cash Crops :: Pest of Sugarcane http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/crop_protection/crop_prot_crop_insectpest _s...
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Spray any one of the following on the 150th and 210th day (1000 l spray fluid): Malathion 50 EC 2000 mlEndosulfan 35 EC 2000 mlMonocrotophos 36 WSC 2000 ml
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5. Whitefly, Aleurolobus barodensis
Symptoms of damage
Yellowing of leaves turn pinkish latterGradual drying and presence of sooty mould
Wilting of leaves
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Identification of the pest
Nymph - Neonate pale yellow – latter turn shiny blackAdult - Pale yellow
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6. Cane mealy wing whitefly, Neomaskellia bergiiSymptoms of damage
Black, grey or white dot like in appearanceInfests under surface of leaves
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Identification of the pest
Nymph - Brownish ovalAdult - Black bands on wings
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Management
Avoid excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizersFenitrothion 50 EC @ 2 lit or moncrotohphos 36 SL @ 2 lit /ha
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7. Scale insect, Melanaspis glomerata
Symptoms of damage
Dark encrustations on the internode
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Identification of the pest
Greyish black or brown circular scale
Management
Select scale insect free setts Bunds free from weeds Avoid repeated ratoonsDetrash as per scheduleDrain excess waterAvoid water stagnationPresoak the setts in 0.1% malathion solutionSpray of the following insecticides(120/150 day after detrashing)
Dimethoate 30 EC @ 2ml/lit of water methyl demeton 25 EC @ 2ml/lit of water
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8. Mealy bug, Kiritshenkella sacchari,Pink mealy bug: Sacchricoccus sacchari
Symptoms of damage
Pinkish, oval insects found beneath leaf sheath on the nodesWhite mealy coatingStunting of main cane and also attack roots
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Crop insect pest :: Cash Crops :: Pest of Sugarcane http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/crop_protection/crop_prot_crop_insectpest _s...
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Identification of the Pest
Adult - Flattened, pinkish, oval with mealy coating
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Management
Avoid excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizersDrain excess water.Spray malathion 50 EC@ 1 lit /ha.
Identification of the pest
Nymph - Third and fourth instar nymphs covered with white wooly secretionAdult - Apterous adults covered with white wooly secretionCeratovacuna lanigera - Light green colourC. graminum - Light yellow in colour. Winged adult is black in colour
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9. Wooly Aphid: Ceratovacuna lanigera ; C. graminumSymptoms of damage
Nymph and adults suck the sap from leavesHoney dew excrete – development of sooty mould fungusWhite chalk powder coating on the ground and leaves.
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Identification of the pest
Nymph - Third and fourth instar nymphs coveredwith white wooly secretionAdult - Apterous adults covered with white woolysecretionCeratovacuna lanigera - Light green colourC. graminum - Light yellow in colour. Winged adultis black in colour
Management
Field release of biocontrol agents like Dipha aphidivora, Micromus and coccinellidsAvoiding transportation of aphid infested leaves from one location to another.Avoiding use of infested cane for seed purpose.Ensuring that the insecticides treated leaves are not used as fodder.Spray any one of the following insecticides once or twice in affected patches:
acephate 75SP @ 2gm/lit,chlorpyrifos 25EC @ 2ml/lit,monocrotophos 36WSC @ 2ml/lit,endosulfan 35EC @ 2ml/lit.
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10. Aphid, Melanaphis sacchari, M.indosacchari
Symptoms of damage
Yellowing of leaves, colonies of aphids in central leaf whorl presence of ants
Identification of the pest
Nymph - YelowAdult - Purple
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Management
Detrash as per scheduleDrain excess water
11. Termite, Odontotermes obesus
Symptoms of damage
Poor germination of setts ( After Planting)Characteristic semi- circular feeding marks on the leaves in the standingcropEntire shoot dries up and can be pulled out easilySetts hollow inside and may be filled with soilCane collapses if disturbedRind filled with mud
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Identification of the pest
Cream coloured, tiny insects resembling ants with dark coloured head
Management
Flood irrigate the furrows to avoid termite attack in the furrows at the time of planting
Crop insect pest :: Cash Crops :: Pest of Sugarcane http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/crop_protection/crop_prot_crop_insectpest _s...
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Sett treatment -
Dip the setts in imidacloprid 70 WS 0.1% or Chlorpyriphos 20 EC 0.04 % for 5 min.Soil application - Apply lindane 1.3 D 125 kg/haSpray application of Imidacloprid 200 SL at 250 ml in 250 l of water / ha
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12. Root grub, Holotrichia consanguinea; H. serrata, Leucopholis lepidophoraSymptoms of damage
Yellowing and wilting of leavesDrying of crownAffected canes come off easily
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Identification of the pest
i) Holotrichia consanguinea; H. serrata,
Egg - White, almost round.Larva - Young grubs are translucent, whitish yellow in colour, fleshy ‘C’ - shapedAdults - Dark brown beetle
ii) Leucopholis lepidophora
Larvae- creamy white with swollen dark last abdominal segmentAdults – Reddish brown beetle with dark tinge
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Management
Set up light trap Provide adequate irrigation Crop rotation in endemic areas Collect and destroy the adult beetles present on neem, Ailanthus and Acacia Lindane 1.3 D @ 50 kg /ha near the root zone
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