Criticisms[footnoteRef:1] of the automaticity model of reading acquisition[footnoteRef:2] include a lack of focus on comprehension as the ultimate goal of reading. Too much focus on fluency to the neglect of comprehension is a correlative criticism. Miscue analysis, tracking students errors or miscues, has demonstrated that even early readers use prediction as well as translation into dialect as they read, thereby using tools outside to those described in the automaticity model. A third criticism is that dyslexic readers, because of the inherent decoding problems they face, necessarily have trouble following the model and sustaining the reading rates recommended for fluency. [1: Work or an activity of making fair, careful judgements about the good or bad qualities of sb/sth especially music, book etc] [2: The act of buying sth; the act of getting sth especially knowledge or skill like reading acquisition, language acquisition etc the new acquisition is a Samsung galaxy.]

1. The passage suggests that all the following are flaws in the automaticity model of reading acquisition EXCEPTI. Failure to consider all the methods commonly used by developing reader.II. Measuring reading ability by fluencyIII. Prioritizing efficiency in reading over understandingIV. Insufficient researchV. Basic assumptions about the readers cerebral processes2. Based on the passage, which of the following would the author likely characterized as a sign of fluency?I. The ability to translate the material into another languageII. The ability to decode words quickly..characterizeIII. The ability to explain the plot or main idea in a text..recommendIV. The ability of predict the main idea in unread textV. The ability to read material written in a wide variety of dialects.The current need for diversification does not mean the organization should be diverted from its earlier and historical purpose; instead, this diversification should be considered as a means of that purpose.A. UnderminingB. FurtheringC. RetractingD. ClassifyingE. deterring

Word Meaning:A. Undermining : i. To make sth especially sbs confidence or authority gradually weaker or less effectiveEg: The mistake undermined his confidenceii. To make sth weaker at the baseEg: The foundation of the bridge was undermined by degradation of soil.