CRcferences »
References
Adamson GM, Billings RE. Tumor necrosis factor induced oxidative stress in isolated mouse
hepatocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 1992;294:223-229.
Ahn SH, Han KH, Park JY, Lee CK, Kang SW, Chon CY, Kim YS, Park K, Kim DK, Moon
YM. Association between hepatitis B virus infection and HLA-DR type in Korea. Hepatology
2000;31: 1371-1373.
Alison MR, SarrafCE. Liver cell death:patterns and mechanisms. Gut 1994;35:577-581.
Alter HJ, Purcell RH, Gerin JL, London WT, Kaplan PM, McAuliffe VJ, Wagner J, Holland
PV. Transmission of hepatitis B to chimpanzees by hepatitis B surface antigen- positive saliva
and semen. Infect Immun 1977;16:928-933.
Alter MJ. Epidemiology and prevention of hepatitis B. Seminars in Liver Diseases
2003;23:39-46.
Ando K, Moriyama T, Guidotti LG, Wirth S, Schreiber RD, Schlicht HJ, Huang S, Chisari
FV. MechaniSms of class I restricted immunopathology. A transgenic mouse model of
fulminant hepatitis. J Exp Med 1993;178:1541-1554.
Ando K, Guidotti LG, Wirth S, Ishikawa T, MiSsale G, Moriyama T, Schreiber RD, Schlicht
H J, Chisari FV. Class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes are directly cytopathic for their
target cells. J Immunol 1994; 152:3245-3253.
Andus T, bauer J, Gerok W. Effects ofcytokines on the liver. Heaptology 1991;13:364-375.
Awad MR, EI-Gamel A, Hasleton P, Turner DM, Sinnott PJ, Hutchinson IV. Genotypic
variation in the transfonning growth factor-betal gene: associationwith transfonning growth
factor-betal production, fibrotic lung disease, and graft fibrosis after lung transplantation.
Transplantation 1998;66: 1014-1020.
Bayley JP, de Rooij H, van den Elsen PJ, Huizinga TW, Verweij CL. Functional analysis of
linker-scan mutants spanning the -376, -488, -244, and -418 polymorphic sites of the TNF
alpha promoter. Cytokine 2001;14:316-323.
92
References
Bellamy R, Ruwende C, Corrah T, McAdam KP, Thursz M, Whittle HC, Hill AV.
Tuberculosis and chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Africans and variation in the vitamin D
receptor gene. J Infect Dis 1999; 179:721-724.
Ben-Ari Z, Mor E, Papo 0, Kfir B, Sutkes J, Tambur AR, Tur-Kaspa R, Klein T. Cytokine
gene polymorph isms in patients infected with hepatitis B virus. Am J Gastroenterol
2003;98:144-150.
Bertoletti A, Ferrari C, Fiaccadori F, Penna A, Margolskee R, Schlicht HJ, Fowler P, Guilhot
S, Chisari FV. HLA class I-restricted human cytotoxic T cells recognize endogenously
synthesized hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88:10445-
10449.
Bertoletti A, Maini MK. Protection or damage: a dual role for the virus-specific cytotoxic T
lymphocyte response in hepatitis B and C infection? Curr Opin Immunol 2000; 12:403-408.
Bidwell J, Keen L, Gallagher G, Kimberly R, Huizinga T, McDennott MF, Oksenberg J,
McNicholl J, Pociot F, Hardt C, D'Alfonso S. Cytokine gene polymorphism in human
disease: on-line databases. Genes Immunity 1999;1:3-19.
Blindenbacher A, Wang X, Langer I, Savino R, Terracciano L, Heim MH.
Interleukin 6 is important for survival after partial hepatectomy in mice. Hepatol
2003;38:674-682.
Blumberg BS, Gerstley BSJ, Hungerford DA, London WT, Sutnick AJ. A Serum Antigen
(Australia Antigen) in Down's Syndrome, Leukemia and Hepatitis. Annals of Internal
Medicine 1967;66:924-931.
Blumberg BS, Friedlaender JS, Woodside A, Sutnick AI, London WT. Hepatitis and
Australian antigen autosomal recessive inheritance of susceptibility to infection in humans.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1969;62, 1108-1115.
BOOr U, Fennekohl A, Pilschel GP. Sensitization by interleukin-6 of rat hepatocytes to tumor
necrosis factor a-induced apoptosis. J Hepatol 2003;38:728-735.
93
References
Bour ES, Ward LK, Cornman GA, Isom HC. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis
in hepatocytes in long-term culture. Am J Patholl996;148:485-495.
Bradham CA, Plumpe J, Manns MP, Brenner DA, Trautwein C. Mechanisms of hepatic
toxicity:I. TNF-induced liver injury. Am. J. PhysioI1998;275:G387-G392.
Briggs MS, Gierasch LM. Molecular mechanisms of protein secretion:The role of the signal
sequence. Advanced Protein Chemistry 1986;38:109-180.
Cain K, Freathy C. Liver toxicity and apoptosis: role of TGF-betal, cytochrome c and the
apoptosome. Toxicol Lett 2001;120:307-315.
Cambien F, Richard S, Troesch A, Mallet C, Generenaz L, Evans A, Arveiler D, Luc G,
Ruidavets JB, Poirier O. Polymorphisms of the transforming growth factor- Bl gene in
relation to myocardial infarction and blood pressure. Hypertension 1996;28:881-887.
Cardier JE, Erickson-Miller CL. Fas (CD95)- and tumor necrosis factor-mediated apoptosis in
liver endothelial cells: role of caspase-3 and the p38 MAPK. Microvasc Res 2002;63: 1 0-18.
Caselman WH, Meyer M, Scholz S, Hofschneider PH, Koshy R. Type I interferons inhibit
hepatitis B virus replication and induce hepatocellular gene expression in cultured liver cells.
J infect Dis 1992;166:966-971
Chen R-H, Chang M-C, Su Y -H, Tsai Y -T, Kuo M-L. lnterleukin-6 inhibits transforming
growth factor-f3-induced apoptosis through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and signal
trallsducers and activators of transcription 3 pathways. J BioI Chern 1999;274:23013-23019.
Chen W, Frank ME, Jin W, Wahl SM. TGF-beta released by apoptotic T cells contributes to
an immunosuppressive milieu. Immunity 2001;14:715-725.
Chisari FV, Ferrari C. Hepatitis B virus immunogenesis. Annu Rev Immunoll995;13:29-60.
Chisari FV. Cytotoxic T cells and viral hepatitis. J Clin Invest 1997;99:1472-1477.
94
References
Chu CJ, Lok AS. Clinical significance of hepatitis B virus genotypes. Hepatology
2002;52: 113-116.
Cole SM, Gowans EJ, Macnaughton TB, Hall PD, Burell CJ. Direct evidence for cytotoxicity
associated with expression of hepatitis delta virus antigens. Hepatology.I991; 13:845-851.
Comstock GW. Tuberculosis in twins:a reanalysis of the prophit survey. Am Rev Respir Dis
1978; 117:621-624.
Cressman DE, Greenbaum LE, DeAngelis RA, Ciliberto G, Furth EE, Poli V, Taub R. Liver
failure and defective hepatocyte regeneration in interleukin-6 deficient mice. Science
1996;274: 1379-1383.
D' Alfonso S, Richiardi PM. A polymorphic variation in a putative regulation box of the
TNF A promoter region. Immunogenetics 1994;39: 150-155.
Dane DS, Cameron CH, Briggs M. Virus-like Particles in serum of Patients with Australia
Antigen-Associated Hepatitis. Lancet 1970; 1 :695-698.
Dean M, Carrington M, O'Brien SJ. Balanced polymorphism selected by genetic versus
infectious human disease. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2002;3:263-292.
De Vries RR, fat RF, Nijenhuis LE, van Rood JJ. HLA-linked genetic control of host response
to Mycobacterium leprae. Lancet 1976;2:1328-1330.
Deng G, Zhou G, Zhai Y, Li S, Li X, Li Y, Zhang R, Yao Z, Shen Y, Qiang B, Wang Y, He
F. Association of estrogen receptor alpha polymorphisms with susceptibility to chronic
hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 2004;40:284-286.
Desombere I, Willems A, Leroux-Roels G. Response to hepatitis B vaccine:multiple HLA
genes are involved. Tissue Antigens 1998;51 :593-604.
95
References
Dib C, Faure S, Fizames C, Samson D, Drouot N, Vignal A, Millasseau P, Marc S, Hazan J,
Seboun E, Lathrop M, Gyapay G, Morissette J, Weissenbach J. A comprehensive genetic
map of the human genome based on 5,264 microsatellites 1996;380:152-154.
Diehl AM, Rai RM. Liver regeneration 3:Regulation of signal transduction during liver
regeneration. F ASEB J 1996; 10:215-227.
Diehl AM. Cytokine regulation of liver injury and repair. Immunol Rev 2000; 174: 160-171.
Diepolder HM, Jung MC, Keller E, Schraut W, Gerlach JT, GrunerN, Zachoval R, Hoffmann
RM, Schirren CA, Scholz S, Pape GR. A vigorous virus-specific CD4+ T cell response may
contribute to the association of HLA-DR13 with viral clearance in hepatitis B. Clin Exp
ImmunoI1998;113:244-251.
Dieter P, Ambs P, Fitzke E, Schwende H. Lipopolysaccharide and liposome-encapsulated
MTP-PE-induced cytotoxicity and release of eicosanoids, tumor necrosis factor- (l and nitric
oxide in liver macrophages. Adv Exp Med BioI 1997;407:485-490.
Dieter P, Hempel U, Kamionka S, Kolada A, Malessa B, Fitzke E, Tran-Thi TA.
Prostaglandin E2 affects differently the release of inflammatory mediators from resident
macrophages by LPS and muramyl tripeptides. Mediators Inflamm 1999;8:295-303.
Doganci T, Uysal G, Kir T, Bakirtas A, Kuyucu N, Doganci L. Horizontal transmission of
hepatitis B virus in children with chronic hepatitis B. World J GastroenteroI2005;11:418-420.
Dunning AM, Ellis PD, McBride S, Kirschenlohr HL, Healey CS, Kemp PR, Luben
Ehrmann J Jr, Galuszkova D, Ehrmann J, Krc I, Jezdinska V, Vojtesek B, Murray PG, Kolao
Z. Apoptosis-related proteins, BCL-2, BAX, F AS, F AS-L and PCNA in liver biopsies of
patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Pathol Oncol Res 2000;6: 130-135.
Fang JW, Shen WW, Meager A, Lau JV. Activation of the tumor necrosis factor-a system in
the liver in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Am J Gastroenterol 1996;91:748-753.
96
References
Fausto N, Laird AD, Webber EM. Liver regeneration 2. Role of growth factors and cytokines
in hepatic regeneration. FASEB J 1995;9:1527-1536.
Fausto N. Liver regeneration. J HepatoI2000;32:19-31.
Fine PE. Immunogentics of susceptibility to leprosy, tuberculosis and leishmaniasis. An
epidemiological perspective. Int. j. leprosy and other Mycobacterial dis 1981;49:437-454.
Fishman D, Faulds G, Jeffery R, Mohamed Ali V, Yudkin JS, Humphries S, Woo P. The
effect of novel polymorphisms in the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene on IL-6 transcription and
plasma IL-6 levels, and an association with systemic-onset juvenile chronic arthritis. J Clin.
Invest 1998; 102: 1369-1376.
Franco MA, Tin C, Rott LS. Evidence or CD8+ T-cell immunity to murine rotavirus in the
absence ofperforin, fas, and gamma interferon. J Virol 1997;71:479-486
Fulop AK, Pocsik E, Brozik M, Karabelyos C, Kiss A, Novak I, Szalai C, Dobozy 0, Falus A.
Hepatic regeneration induces transient acute phase reaction:systemic elevation of acute phase
reactants and soluble cytokine receptors. Cell BioI Int 2001;25:585-592.
Galle PRo Hofmann WJ, Walczak H, Schaller H, Otto G, Stremmel W, Krammer PH, Runkel
L. Involvement of the CD95 (APO-IlFas) receptor and ligand in liver damage. J Exp Med
1995; 182: 1223-1230.
Galley HF, Lowe PRo Carmichael RL, Webster NR. Genotype and interleukin-lO responses
after cardiopulmonary bypass. Br J Anaesth 2003;91 :424-426.
Galun E, Nahor 0, Eid A, Jurim 0, Rose-John S, Blum HE, Nussbaum 0, lIan E, Daudi N,
Shouval D, Reisner Y, Dagan S. Human interleukin-6 facilitates hepatitis B virus infection in
vitro and in vivo. Virology 2000;270:299-309.
Ganem D, Schneider R. Hepadnaviridae:the viruses and their replication. In:Knipe DM,
Howley PM eds. FieldsVirology. Philadelphia:Lippincott-Raven;2001:2923-2970.
97
References
Gartner LP, Hiatt JL. Color Textbook of Histology. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company,
1997.
Gentile DA, Doyle WJ, Zeevi A, Howe-Adams J, Kapadia S, Trecki J, Skoner DP. Cytokine
gene polymorphisms moderate illness severity in infants with respiratory syncytial virus
infection. Hum Immunol 2003;64:338-344.
Giani G, Chiaramonte MN, Pasini CV, Fagiolo U, Naccarato R. Hepatitis B surface
antigenaemia and HLA antigens. N Engl J Med 1979;300:1056-1060.
Gilles PN, Guerrette DL, Ulevitch RJ, Schreiber RD, Chisari FV. HBsAg retention sensitizes
the hepatocyte to injury by physiological concentrations of interferon-gamma. Hepatology
1992; 16:655-663.
Gimson AE, White YS, Eddleston AL, Williams R. Clinical and Prognostic Differences in
Fulminant Hepatitis Type A, B, and non-A, non-B. Gut.1983;24:1194-1198.
Gitlin N. HepatitisB: diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Clin Chern 1997;43:1500-1506.
Griffiths PD.lnteractions between viral and human genes. Rev Med VIf012002;12:197-199.
Grob P, Hallauer, Kane M, Meheus MA, Roure C, Damme PV. Hepatitis B: a serious public
health threat. Vaccine 1998;16:S1-S2.
Guidotti LG, Ando K, Hobbs MV, Ishikawa T, Runkel L, Schreiber RD, Chisari FV.
Cytotoxic T Iymhocytes inhibit hepatitis B virus gene expression by a noncytolytic
mechanism in transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad USA 1994a;91:3764-3768.
Guidotti LG, Martinez V, Loh YT, Rogier CE, Chisari FV. Hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid
particles don't cross the hepatocyte nuclear membrane in transgenic mice. J Virol 1994
b;60:5469-5475.
Guidotti, L.G, Matzke B, Schaller H, Chisari FV. High-level hepatitis B virus replication in
transgenic mice. J Virol 1995;69:6158-6169.
98
References
Guidotti LG, Ishikawa T, Hobbs MV, Matzke B, Shreiber R and Chisari FV. Intracellular
inactivation of the hepatitis B virus by cytotoxic T lymphocyets. Immunity 1996;4:25-36.
Guidotti LG, Rochford R, Chung J, Shapiro M, Purcell R, Chisari FV. Viral clearance without
destruction of infected cells during acute HBV infection. Science 1999a;284:825-829.
Guidotti LG, Borrow P, Brown A, McClary H, Koch R, Chisari FV:Noncytopathic clearance
of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus from the hepatocyte. J Exp Med 1999b:189:1555-
1564 ..
Guidotti LG. The role of cytotoxic T cells and cytokines in the control of hepatitis B virus
infection. Vaccine 2002;20:80-82.
Guilhot S, Miller T, Cornman G, [som HC. Apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-a. In
rat hepatocyte cell lines expressing HBV. Am. J. Pathol 1996;148:801-814.
Guo J, Zhou H, Liu C, Aldrich C, Saputelli J, Whitaker T, Inmaculada Barrasa M, Mason W,
Seeger C. Apoptosis and regeneration of hepatocytes during recovery from transient
hepadnavirus infections. J ViroI2000, 74:1495-1505.
Gupta V, Arora R, Ranjan A, Bairwa NK, Malhotra DK, Udhayasuriyan PT, Saba A, Bamezai
R. Gel-based nonradioactive single-strand confonnational polymorphism and mutation
detection: limitations and solutions. Methods Mol Bioi 2005;29:247-261.
Gupta V, Arora R, Saba A, Dhir A, Kar P, Bamezai R. Novel variations in the signal peptide
region of transfonning growth factor PI gene in patients with hepatitis: a brief report from
India. Internat J Immunogenet (In press).
Hadziyannis SJ, Vassilopoulos D. Hepatitis B e antigen- negative chronic hepatitis
B. Hepatology 2001;34:617-624.
Hakozaki Y, Yoshiba M, Sekiyama K, Seike E, Iwamoto J, Mitani K, Mine M, Morizane T,
Ohtani K, Suzuki Y, Wakamiya N. Mannose-binding lectin and the prognosis of fulminant
hepatic failure caused by HBV infection. Liver 2002;22:29-34.
99
References
Hayashi H, Kohno H, Ono T, Yamanoi A, Dhar DK, Ueda S, Rahman MA, Kubota H,
Nagasue N. Transforming growth factor-betal induced hepatocyte apoptosis--a possible
mechanism for growth of oolorectalliver metastasis. Acta Onool 2004; 43:91-97.
Hayashi N, Mita E. Fas system and apoptosis in viral hepatitis. J. Gastroentrology and
Hepatol 1997; 12 (Suppl.):S223-226.
Herkel J, Jagemann B, Wiegard C, Lazaro JF, Lueth S, Kanzler S, Blessing M, Schmitt E,
Lohse A W. MHC class II-expressing hepatocytes function as antigen-presenting cells and
activate specific CD4 T lymphocyutes. Hepatology 2003;37:1079-1085.
Hill A V. The immunogenetics of human infectious diseases. Annu Rev Immunol
1998;16:593-617.
Hoffinann SC, Stanley EM, Cox ED, DiMercurio BS, Koziol DE, Harlan OM, Kirk AD, Blair
Pl. Ethnicity greatly influences cytokine gene polymorphism distribution. Am I Transplant
2002;2:560-567.
Hohler T, Gerken G, Notghi A, Lubjuhn R, Taheri H, Protzer U, Lohr HF, Schneider PM,
Meyer zum Buschenfelde KH, Rittner C. HLA-DRB1*1301 and *1302 protect against
chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 1997;26:503-507.
Hohler T, Kruger A, Gerken G, Schneider PM, Meyer zum Buschenefelde KH, Rittner C. A
tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-alpha) promoter polymorphism is associated with chronic
hepatitis B infection. Clin Exp Immunol 1998 a; III :579-582.
Hohler T, Wunschel M, Gerken G, Schneider PM, Meyer zum Buschenfelde KH' Rittner C.
No association between mannose-binding lectin alleles and susceptibility to chronic hepatitis
B Virus infection in german patients. Exp Clin Immunogenet 1998 b;I5:130-133.
Hollinger FB, Liang TI. Hepatitis B Virus. In:Knipe OM et aI, eds. Fields Virology, 4th ed.
Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001:2971-3036.
100
References
Hongyo T, Buzard OS, Calvert RJ, Weghorst CM. Cold SSCP: a simple, rapid and non
radioactive method for optimized single-strand conformation polymorphism analyses. Nucleic
Acids Research 1993;21:3637-3642.
Howard CR. The structure of hepatitis envelope and molecular variants of hepatitis B virus. J
Viral Hepat 1995;2:165-170.
Huang QR, Morris D, Manolios N. Identification and characterization of polymorphisms in
the promoter region of the huamn Apo-l/Fas (CD95) gene. Molecular Immunol 1997;34:577-
582.
Hue KK., Bechhofer DH. Effect of ermc leader region mutations on induced mRNA stability.
Journal of Bacteriology 1991;173:3732-3740.
Hue, KK and Bechhofer, DH. Effect of ermc leader region mutations on induced mRNA
stability. J. BacterioI2001;173:3732.
Ibuki N, Yamamoto K, Yabushita K, Okano N, Okamoto R, Shimada N, Hakoda T, Mizuno
M, Higashi T, Tsuji T. In situ expression ofOranzyme B and Fas-ligand in the liver of viral
hepatitis. Liver 2002;22:198-204.
Iimut'o Yr Gallucci R.Mr Lugfet' MIr {(ono Hr Thurman R.G_ Antibodie!: to tumor necrosis
iamor aiia anmmat@ h@pati(! m~(!rm!i§ ami inflammation Eaum1 h~ Ehmnk t;l:po~urn to tedum{\~
in the mt_ HepatoI1997;26:lj30-Ij37_
Iwai M, Cui TX, Kitamura H, Saito M, Shimazu T. Increased secretion of tumour necrosis
factor and interleukin 6 from isolated, perfused liver of rats after partial hepatectomy.
Cytokine 200 1; 13 :60--64.
lafarzadeh A, Shokri F. The antibody response to HBs antigen is regulated by coordinated
Thl and Th2 cytokine production in healthy neonates. Clin Exp lmmunoI2003;131:451-456.
101
References
Janssen HL, Higuchi H, Abdulkarim A, Gores GJ. Hepatitis B virus enhances tumor necrosis
factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) cytotoxicity by increasing TRAIL-RlIdeath
receptor 4 expression. J HepatoI2003;39:414-420.
Jiang R, Feng X, Guo Y, Lu Q, Hou J, Luo K, Fu N. T helper cells in patients with chronic
hepatitis B virus infection. Chin Med J (Engl) 2002;115:422-424.
Jiang YG, Wang YM, Liu TH, Liu J. Association between HLA class II gene and
susceptibility or resistance to chronicllepatitis B. World J GastroenteroI2003;9:2221-2225.
Jung YJ, Kim N, Park JH. TGF-betal inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis by regulating surface
Fas and cFLIPL expression in human leukaemia/lymphoma cells. Int J Mol Med 2004; 13:99-
104.
Kagi D, Ledermann B, Burki H, Hengartener H, Zinkemagel R. CD8+ T-Cell mediated
protection against an intracellular bacterium by perforin dependent cytotoxicity. Eur J
Immunol 1994; 24:3068-3072.
Kakimi K, Guidotti LG, Koezuka Y, Chisari FV. Natural killer T cell activation inhibits
hepatitis B virus replication in vivo. J Exp Med 2000; 192:921-930
Kakimi K, Lane TE, Chisari FV, Guidotti LG. Cutting Edge:lnhibition of Hepatitis B Virus
Replication by Activated NK T Cells Does Not Require Inflammatory Cell Recruitment to the
Liver. J ImmunoI.2ool;167:6701-6705.
Kakumu S, Shinagawa T, Ishikawa T, Yoshioka K, Waita T, Ito Y, takayanagi M, Ida N.
Serum interleukin levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Am J Gastroenterol
1991 ;86: 1804-1808.
Kakumu S, Ito Y. Takayanagi M, Yoshioka K. Wakita T, Ishikawa T, Higashi Y, Yanag ZQ.
Effect of recombinant human transfonning growth factor betal on immune responses in
patients with chronic hepatitis B. Liver 1993; 13 :62-68.
102
References
Kallen K-J. The role of transsignalling via the agonistic soluble IL-6 receptor in human
diseases. BBA 2002;1592:323-343.
Kann M, Bischof A, Gerlich WHo In vitro model for the nuclear transport of the hepadnavirus
genome. J. Virol 1997;71:1310-1316.
Kann M, Gerlich W. Hepadnaviridae:structure and molecular virology. In:Zuckerman A,
Thomas H, eds. Viral Hepatitis London:Churchill Livingstone 1998;77-105.
Kaplan PM, Greenman RL, Gerin JL,Purcell RH, Robinson WS. DNA Polymerase
Associated with Human Hepatitis B Antigen. Journal or Virology 1973;12:995-1005.
Karayiannis P, Alexopoulou A, Hadziyannis S, Thursz M, Watts R, Seito S, Thomas HC.
Fulminant Hepatitis associated with hepatitis B virus e antigen-negative infection:importance
of host factors. Hepatology 1995;22:1628-1634.
Kardar GA, leddi-Tehrani M, Shokri F. Diminished Thl and Th2 cytokine production in
healthy adult nonresponders to recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Scand J Immunol
2002;55:311-314.
Kasahara S, Ando K, Saito K, Sekikawa K, Ito H, Ishikawa T, Ohnishi H, Seishima M,
Kakumu S, Moriwaki H. Lack of tumor necrosis factor alpha induces impaired proliferation
of hepatitis B virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J ViroI2oo3;77:2469-2476.
Kiba T, Saito S, Numata K, Sekihara H. Fas (APO-I1CD95) mRNA is down-regulated in liver
regeneration after hepatectomy in rats. J GastroenteroI2oo0;35:34-38.
Kim H, Lee H, Yun Y. X gene product of HBV induces apoptosis in liver cells. The Journal
of Biochemistry 1998;273:381-385.
Kim YJ, Lee HS, Yoon JH, Kim CY, Park MH, Kim LH, Park BL, Shin HD.
Association ofTNF- {alpha} promoter polymorphisms with the clearance of hepatitis B virus
infection. Hum Mol Genet 2003; 12:2541-2546.
103
References
Kimura K, Ando K, Ohnishi H, Ishikawa T, Kakumu S, Takemura M, Muto Y, Moriwaki H.
Immunopathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis in chronic liver injury induced by repeatedly
administered concanavalin A. Int Immunol 1999; II: 1491-1500.
Kimura K, Kakimi K, Wieland S, Guidotti LG, Chisari FV. Activated intrahepatic antigen
presenting cells inhibit hepatitis B virus replication in the liver of transgenic mice. J Immunol
2002; 169:5188-5195.
Knight JC, Kwiatkowski D. Inherited variability of tumor necrosis factor production and
susceptibility to infectious disease. Proc Assoc Am Physicians 1999; III :290-298.
Kondo T, Suda T, Fukuyama H, Adachi M, Nagata S. Essential roles of the Fas ligand in the
development of hepatitis. Nat Med 1997;3:409-413.
Kovalovich K, DeAngelis RA, Li W, Furth EE, Ciliberto G, Taub R. Increased toxin-induced
liver injury and fibrosis in interleukin-6-deficient mice. Hepatol 2000;31: 149-159.
Kovalovich K, Li W, DeAngelis R, Greenbaum LE, Ciliberto G, Taub R. Interleukin-6
protects against Fas-mediated death by establishing a critical level of anti-apoptotic hepatic
proteins FLIP, Bcl-2, and Bel-xl. J BioI Chern 2001;276:26605-26613.
Koziel MJ. The immunopathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection. Therap. Viral Hepat
1998;3:13-24.
Kubba AK, Taylor P, Graneek B, Strobel S. Non-responders to hepatitis B vaccination:a
review. Commun Dis Public Health 2003;6:106-112.
Kuma S, Inaba M, Ogata H, Inaba K, Okumura T, Saito K, Yamamoto M, Ikehara S. Effect of
human recombinant interleukin-6 on the proliferation of mouse hepatocytes in the primary
culture. Immunobiology 1990; 180:235-242.
Kunkel LM, Smith KD, Boyer SH, Bargaonkar DS, Wachtel SS, Miller OJ, Breg WR, Jones
HW Jr, Rary 1M. Analysis of human Y-chromosome-specific reiterated DNA in chromosome
variants. PNAS USA 1977;74:1245-1249.
104
References
Kiisters S, Tieges G, Alexopoulou L, Pasparakis M, Douni E, Kiinstle, BluethmannH, Wendel
A, Pfizenmaier K, Kollias G, Grell M. In vivo evidence for a functional role of both tumor
necrosis factor receptors and transmembrane TNF in experimental hepatitis. Eur J Immunol
1997;27:2870-2875.
Lanier LL. NK cell receptors. Annu Rev Immunoll998;16:359-393.
Lanvin 0, Guglielmi P, Fuentes V, Gouilleux-Gruart V, Maziere C, Bissac E, Regnier A,
Benlagha K, Gouilleux F, Lassoued K. TGF-betal modulates Fas (APO-lICD95)-mediated
apoptosis of human pre-B cell lines. Eur J ImmunoI2003; 33:1372-1381.
Lara-Pezzi E, Armesilla AL, Majano PL, Redondo JM, Lopez-Cabrera M. The hepatitis B
virus X protein activates nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT) by a cyclosporin A
sensitive pathway. EMBO J 1998 a;17:7066-7077.
Lara-Pezzi E, Majano PL, Gomez-Gonzalo M, Garcia-Monzon C, Moreno-Otero R, Levrero
M, Lopez-Cabrera M. The hepatitis B virus X protein up-regulates tumor necrosis factor alpha
gene expression in hepatocytes. Hepatoll998 b;28:1013-1021.
Lau JYN, Wright TL. Molecular virology and pathogenesis of hepatitis B. Lancet
1993;342: 1335-1340.
Lau JYN, Xie X, Lai MMC, Wu PC. Apoptosis and viral hepatitis. Seminars in Liver
Diseases 1998:2:169-176.
Lee JC, Lee KM, Kim DW, Heo DS. Elevated TGF-betal secretion and down-modulation of
NKG2D underlies impaired NK cytotoxicity in cancer patients. J Immunol 2004; 172:7335-
7340.
Lee M, Choi Y, Shin E, Kang H, Kim Y, Jeong S, Seong J, Yu D, Cho H, Park J, Kim S.
Hepatitis B virus X protein induced expression of interleukin 18 (IL-18):a potential
mechanism for liver injury caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. J Hepatol
2002;37:380.
105
References
Lee WM. Hepatitis B virus infection. N. Engl J Moo 1997;337:1733-1745.
Leu n, Crissey MA, Taub R. Massive hepatic apoptosis associated with TGF-betal activation
after Fas ligand treatment of IGF binding protein-l-deficient mice. J Clin Invest
2003;111:129-139.
Lim TM, Chen CJ, Wu M.M, Yang CS, Chen JS, Liu CC, Kwang TY, Hsu ST, Lin SY, Hsu
LC. Hepatitis B virus markers in Chinese twins. Anticancer. Res 1989;9:737-741.
Lin JK, Chou CK. In vitro apoptosis in the human hepatoma cell line induced by transfonning
growth factor beta 1. Cancer Res. 1992; 52:385-388.
Lisa V, Guidotti LG, Ishikawa T, Chisari FV. Posttranscriptional clearance of hepatitis B
virus RNA by cytotoxic T lymphocyte-activated hepatocytes. Proc. NatI. Acad. Sci. USA
1995;92: 12398-12402.
Liu W, Smith Of, Rechtzigel KJ, Thibodeau SN, James CD. Denaturing high perfonnance
liquid chromatography (DHPLC) used in the detection of gennline and somatic mutations.
Nucleic Acids Res 1998;26:1396-1400.
Loffreda S, Rai R, Yang SQ, Lin HZ, Diehl AM. Bile ducts and portal and central veins are
major producers of tumor necrosis factor alpha in regenerating rat liver. Gastroenterol
1997;112:2089-2098.
Lowe PR, Galley HF, Abdel-Fattah A, Webster NR. Influence of interleukin-l0
polymorphisms on interleukin-l0 expression and survival in critically ill patients. Crit Care
Med 2003;31 :34-38.
Lu LP, Li XW, Liu Y, Sun GC, Wang XP, Zhu XL, Hu QY, Li H. Association of -238G/A
polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene promoter region with outcomes of
hepatitis B virus infection in Chinese Han population. World J Gastroenterol 2004;10:1810-
1814.
106
References
Lu X, Weiss P, Block T.A phage with high affinity for hepatitis B surface antigen for the
detection of HBsAg.2004; 119:51-54.
Luo KX. Hepatitis B:Basic biology and clinical science. Second edition. Beijing, People's
Medical Publishing House 200 1 :56-70.
MacCallum F O. Homologous Serum Jaundice. Lancet 1947;2:691-692.
Mahoney FJ, Kane M. Hepatitis B vaccine. In:Plotkin SA, Orenstein WA, eds. Vaccines, 3rd
ed. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company, 1999:158-182.
Maini MK, Boni C, Ogg GS, King AS, Reignat S, Lee CK, Larrubia JR, Webster GJ,
McMichael AJ, Ferrari C, Williams R, Vergani D, Bertoletti A. Direct ex vivo analysis of
hepatitis B virus-specific CD8(+) T cells associated with the control of infection.
Gastroenterology 1999; 117: 1386-1396.
Maini MK, Boni C, Lee CK, Larrubia JR, Reignat S, Ogg GS, King AS, Herberg J, Gilson R,
Alisa A, Williams R, Vergani D, Naoumov NY, Ferrari C, Bertoletti A. The role of virus
specific CD8(+) cells in liver damage and viral control during persistent hepatitis B virus
infection. J Exp Med 2000;191:1269-1280.
Marcellin P and Benhamou JP. Treatment of chronic viral hepatitis. Baillieres Clin
Gastroenterol 1994;8:233-253.
Marinos G, Naoumov NV, Rossol S, Torre F, Wong PYN, Gallati H, Portmann B, Williams
R. Tumor necrosis factor receptors in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection.
Gastroenterol 1995; 1 08: 1453-1463.
McGuire W, Hill AV, Allsopp CE, Greenwood BM, Kwiatkowski D. Variation in the TNF
alpha promoter region associated with susceptibility to cerebral malaria. Nature
1994;371 :508-510.
107
References
McMahon BJ, Holck P, Bulkow L, Snowball M. Serologic and clinical outcomes of 1536
Alaska Natives chronically infected with hepatitis B virus. Annals of Internal Medicine
2001;135:759-768.
Merikangas KR. Genetics of migraine and other headache. Curr Opin Neurol 1996;9:202-205.
Metcalfe JC. A transforming growth factor betal signal peptide variant increases secretion in
Meyer D, Gong ZL, Suwandhi W, Pelt J van, Yap SH. Organ and species specificity of
hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection:a review of literature with a special reference to preferential
attachment ofHBV to human hepatocytes. J Viral Hepatitis 1997;4:145-153.
Michalopoulos GK, DeFrances MC. Liver regeneration. Science 1997;2276:60-66.
Miyazoe S, Hamasaki K, Nakata K, Kajiya Y, Kitajimf. K, Nakao K, Daikoku M, Yatsuhashi
H, Koga M, Yano M, Eguchi K. Influence of interleukin-l 0 gene promoter polymorphisms on
disease progression in patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus. Am J Gastroenterol
2002;97:208&-2092.
Mochizuki K, Hayashi N, Hiramatsu N, Katayama K, Kawanishi Y, Kasahara A, Fusamoto
H, Kamada T. Fas antigen expression in liver tissues of patients with chronic hepatitis B. J
Hepatol 1996;24:1-7.
Moon YM. Association between hepatitis B virus infection and HLA-DR type in Korea.
Hepatology. 2000;31: 1371-1373.
Moriyama T, Guilhot S, Klopchin K, Moss B, Pinkert CA, Palmiter RD, Brinster RL,
Kanagawa 0, Chisari FV. Immunobiology and pathogenesis of hepatocellular injury in
hepatitis B virus transgenic mice. Science 1990;248:361-364.
Mosmann TR. Properties and functions of interleukin-l O. Adv Immunol 1994;56; 1-26.
Mota A, Fainboim R, Terg R, Fainboim L. Association of chronic active hepatitis and HLA
B35 in patients with hepatitis B virus. Tissue Antigens 1987;30:238-240.
t08
References
Mouri H,Sakaguchi K, Sawayama T, Senoh T, Ohta T, Nishimura M, Fujiwara A, Terao M,
Shiratori Y, Tsuji T. Suppressive effects of transforming growth factor-beta 1 produced by
hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines on interferon-gamma production by peripheral blood
mononuclear cells. Acta Med Okayama 2002;56:309-315.
Murawaki Y, Nishimura Y, Ikuta Y, Idobe Y, Kitamura Y, Kawasaki H. Plasma transforming
growth factor-betal concentrations in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. J Gastroenterol
Hepatol 1998;13:680-684.
Nagao M, Nakajima Y, Hisanaga M, Kayagaki N, Kanehiro H, Aomatsu Y, Ko S, Yagita H,
Yamada T, Okumura K, Nakano H. The Alteration of Fas Receptor and Ligand System in
Hepatocellular Carcinomas: How Do Hepatoma Cells Escape from the Host Immune
Surveillance In Vivo. Hepatol 1999;30:413-421.
Nagy P, Schaff Z, Lapis K. Immunohistochemical detection of transforming growth factor
beta 1 in fibrotic liver diseases. Hepatol 1991; 14:269-273.
Napoli J, Bishop GA, McCaughan GW.lncreased intrahepatic messenger RNA expression of
interleukins 2,6, and 8 in human cirrhosis. GastroenteroI1994;107:789-798.
Oberhamme FA, Pavelka M, Sharma S, Tiefenbacher R, Purchio AF, Bursch W, Schulte
Hermann R. Induction of Apoptosis in Cultured Hepatocytes and in Regressing Liver by
Transforming Growth Factor B1. Proc. Nat. Acad. of Sci. USA, 1992;89:5408-5412.
Ogaswara J, Watanabe-Fukunaga R, Adashi M, Matsuzawa A, Kasugai T, Kitamura Y, Itoh
N, Suda T, Nagata S. Lethal effects of the anti-Fas antibody in mice. Nature 1993;364:806-
809.
Ohno H, Kaneko S, Kobayashi K, Murakami S. Human hepatitis B virus enhancer 1 is
responsive to human interleukin-6. J Med Virol 1997;52:413-418.
Ohta A, Sekimoto M, Sato M, Koda T, Nishimura S, Iwakura Y, Sekikawa K and Nishimura
T. Indispensable role for TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma at the effector phase of liver injury
109
References
mediated by Thl cells specific to hepatitis B virus surface antigen. J Immunol2000 ;165:956-
961.
Okochi K, Murakami S. Observations on Australia Antigen in Japanese. Vox Sang
1968;15:374-385.
Olomolaiye 0, Wood NA, Bidwell JL. A novel NlaIII polymorphism in the human IL-6
promoter. Eur J Immunogenet 1998;25:267.
Ostapchuk P, Hearing P, Ganem A dramatic shift in the transmembrane topology of a viral
envelope glycoprotein accompanies hepatitis B viral morphogenesis. EMBO J 1994 ; 13: 1 048-
1057.
Ou JH, Laub 0, Rutter WJ. Hepatitis B virus gene functions:the precore region targets the
core antigen to cellular membranes and causes the secretion of the e antigen. PNAS USA
1986:83: 1578-1582.
Park BL, Lee HS, Kim YJ, Kim JY, Jung JH, Kim LH, Shin HD. Association between
interleukin 6 promoter variants and chronic hepatitis B progression. Exp Mol Med
2003;35:76-82.
Pasquetto V, Guidotti LG, Kakimi K, Tsuji M, Chisari FV. Host-virus interactions during
malaria infection in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice. J Exp Med 2000; 192:529-536.
Pasquetto V, Wieland SF, Uprichard SL, Tripodi M, Chisari FV. Cytokine-sensitive
replication of hepatitis B virus in immortalized mouse hepatocyte cultures. J Virol
2002;76:5646-5653.
Patel T, Steer CJ, Gores GJ. Apoptosis and the Iiver:A mechanism of disease, growth
regulation, and carcinogenesis. Hepatology 1999;30:811-815.
Peng DQ, Zhao SP, Nie S, Li J. Gene-interaction ofPPAR-y and APOE effects coronary heart
disease risk. IntematJ Cardio 2003;92:257-263.
110
References
Perneger TV. What's wrong with onferroni adjustments? BMJ 1998;316:1236-1238.
Poland GA, Jacobson RM. Prevention of Hepatitis B with the Hepatitis B Vaccine. N Eng J
Med 2004.351 :2832-2838.
Prange R Streeck RE. Novel transmembrane topology of the hepatitis B virus envelope
proteins. EMBO J 1995;14:247-256.
Prince AM. An Antigen Detected in the Blood During the Incubation Period of Serum
Hepatitis. Proc. Natl Acad Sci USA 1968;60:814-821.
Rehermann B, Fowler P, Sidney J. The cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to multiple hepatitis
B virus polymerase epitopes during, after acute viral hepatitis. J Exp Med 1995;181:1047-
1058.
Rehermann B, Ferrari C, Pasquinelli C, Chisari FV. The hepatitis B virus persists for decades
after patients' recovery from acute viral hepatitis despite active maintenance of a cytotoxic T
lymphocyte response. Nat Med 1996;2: 11 04-1108.
Reichner JS, Mulligan JA, Spisni R, Sotomayor EA, Albina JE, Bland KI. Effect of IL-6
overexpression on the metastatic potential of rat hepatocellular carcinoma cells Ann. Surg
OncoI1998;5:279-286.
Relton CL, Wilding CS, Pearce MS, Laming AJ, Jonas PA, Lynch SA, TaWIl EJ, Bum J.
Gene-gene interaction in folate-related genes and risk of neural tube defects in a UK
population. J Med Genet 2004;41 :256-260.
Ren F, Hino K, Yamaguchi Y, Funatsuki K, Hayashi A, Ishiko H, Furutani M, Yamasaki T,
Korenaga K, Yamashita S, Konishi T, Okita K. Cytokine-dependent anti-viral role of CD4-
positive T cells in therapeutic vaccination against chronic hepatitis B viral infection. J Med
Virol 2003;71 :376-384.
Ridge JP, Di Rosa F, Matzinger P. A conditioned dendritic cell can be a temporal bridge
between a CD4+ T-helper and a T-killer cell. Nature 1998;393:474-478.
I I I
References
Rivero M, Crespo J, Fabrega E, Casafont F, Mayorga M, Gomez-Fleitas M, Pons-Romero F.
Apoptosis mediated by the Fas system in the fulminant hepatitis by hepatitis B virus. J Viral
Hepatology 2002;9:107-113.
Robinson, WS, Greenman, RL DNA Polymerase in the Core of the Human Hepatitis B Virus
Candidate. J ViroI1974;13:1231-1236.
Robinson WS. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus. In:Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R,
eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 4th ed. New York, Churchill Livingstone,
1995: 1406-1439.
Robson KJH, Lehmann DJ, Wimhurst VLC, Livesey KJ, Combrinck M, Menyweather
Clarke AT, Warden DR, Smith AD. Synergy between the C2 allele of transferring and the
C282Y allele of the haemochromatosis gene (HFE) as risk factors for developing Alzheimer's
disease. J Med Genet 2004;41:261-265.
Romero LI, Tatro JB, Field JA, Reichlin S. Roles of IL-l and TNF-alpha in endotoxin
induced activation of nitric oxide synthase in cultured rat brain cells. Am J Physiol
1996;270:R326-332
Roosenick MJ, Jameel S, Loukin SH, Siddiqui A. Expression of hepatitis B viral core regions
in mammalian cells. Mol. Cell. Bioi 1986;6:1391-1400.
Rouquet N, Allemand I, Molina T, Bennoun M, Briand P, Joulin V. Fas-dependent apoptosis
is impaired by S V 40-T antigen in transgenic liver. Oncogene 1995; 11 : 1061-1067.
Rouvier E, Luciani M F, Golstein P. Fas involvement on Ca2+-independent T cell-mediated
cytotoxicity. J Exp Med 1993;177:195-200.
Rudner LA, Lin JT, Park IK, Cates JM, Dyer DA, Franz DM, French MA, Duncan EM,
White HD, Gorham JD. Necroinflammatory liver disease in BALB/c background, TGF-beta
I-deficient mice requires CD4+ T cells. J ImmunoI2003;170:4785-4792.
112
References
Saba A, Bairwa NK, Ranjan A, Gupta V, Bamezai R. Two novel somatic mutations in the
human interleukin 6 promoter region in a patient with sporadic breast cancer. Eur J
Immunogenet 2003;30:397-400.
Saba A, Gupta V, Bairwa NK, Malhotra D, Bamezai R. Transforming growth factor-betal
genotype in sporadic breast cancer patients from India: status of enhancer, promoter, 5'
untranslated-region and exon-l polymorphisms.Eur J Immunogenet 2004;31 :37-42.
Santos AR, Almeida AS, SuftYs PN, et al. Tumor necrosis factor promoter polymorphism
(TNF2) seems to protect against development of severe forms of leprosy in a pilot study in
Brazilian patients. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 2000;68:325-327.
Santos AR, SuftYs PN, Vanderborght PRo Moraes MO, Vierira LM, Cabello PH, Bakker AM,
Matos HJ, Huizinga TW, Ottenhoff TH, Sampaio EP, Sarno EN. Role of tumor necrosis
factor-alpha and interleukin-l0 promoter gene polymorphisms in leprosy. J Infect Dis
2002; 186: 1687-1691.
Sattler F, Robinson W. Hepatitis B viral DNA molecules have cohesive ends. J Virol
1979;32:226-233.
Schirmbeck R, Melber K, Kuhrober A, Janowicz ZA, Reimann J. Immunization with soluble
hepatitis B virus surface protein elicits murine H-2 class I-restricted CD8+ cytotoxic T
lymphocyte responses in vivo. J Immunol 1994;152:1110-1119.
Schramm C, Protschka M, Kohler HH, Podlech J, Reddehase MJ, Schirmacher P, Galle PRo
Lohse AW, Blessing Ms. Impairment ofTGF-beta signaling in T cells increases susceptibility
to experimental autoimmune hepatitis in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol
2oo3;284:G525-535.
Schulze-Bergkamen H, Untergasser A, Dax A, Vogel H, Buchler P, Klar E, Lehnert T, Friess
H, Buchler MW, Kirschfink M, Stremmel W, Krammer PH, Muller M, Protzer U. Primary
human hepatocytes-a valuable tool for investigation of apoptosis and hepatitis B virus
infection. Exp Mol PathoI2001;71:137-146.
113
References
Scola L, Crivello A, Marino V, Gioia V, Serauto A, Candore G, Colonna-Romano G, Caruso
C, Lio D. IL-I0 and TNF-alpha polymorph isms in a sample of sicilian patients affected by
tuberculosis: implication for ageing and life span expectancy. Mech Ageing Dev
2003;124:569-572.
Seeff LB, Wright EC, Zimmerman HJ, McCollum RW. A cooperative study of post
transfusion hepatitis and responsible risk factors. Am J med Sci 1979;270:355-362.
Seeger C, William S. Mason. Hepatitis B Virus Biology. Microbiology and Molecular
Biology Reviews 2oo0;64:F 51-68.
Servoss JC, Friedman LS. Serologic and molecular diagnosis of hepatitis B virus. Clin Liver
Dis 2004;8:267-281.
Sheron N, Lau JYN, Daniels H, Goka J, Eddleston ALWF, Alexander GJM, Williams R.
Increased production of tumor necrosis factor alpha in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J
HepatoI1991;12:241-245.
Shin EC, Shin JS, Park JH, Kim JJ, Kim H, Kim SJ. Expression of Fas-related genes in
human hepatocellular carcinomas. Cancer Lett 1998; 134: 155-162.
Shin EC, Shin JS, Park JH, Kim H, Kim SJ. Expression of fas ligand in human hepatoma cell
lines:role of hepatitis-B virus X (HBX) in induction of Fas ligand. Int J Cancer 1999;82:587-
591.
Sibley K, Rollinson S, Allan JM, Smith AG, Law GR, Roddam PL, Skibola CF, Smith MT,
Morgan GJ. Functional F AS promoter polymorphisms are associated with increased risk of
acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Res 2003;63:4327-4330.
Sigal U, Crotty S, Andino R, Rock KL. Cytotoxic T-cell immunity to virus-infected non-
haematopoietic cells requires presentation of exogenous antigen. Nature 1999;398:77-80.
Sitia G, lsogawa M, Kakimi K, Wieland SF, Chisari FV, Guidotti LG. Depletion of
neutrophils blocks the recruitment of antigen-nonspecific cells into the liver without affecting
114
References
the antiviral activity of hepatitis B virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci
USA 2002;99 :13717-13722.
Song Ie H, Binh VQ, Duy DN, Juliger S, Bock TC, Luty AJ, Kremsner PG, Kun JF.
Mannose-binding lectin gene polymorphisms and hepatitis B virus infection in Vietnamese
patients. Mutat Res 2003;522:119-125.
Sorensen TI, Nielsen GG, Andersen PK, Teasdale TW. Genetic and environmental influences
on premature death in adult adoptees. N. Engl. J. Med 1988;318:727-732.
Spielman RS, McGinnis RE, EwensWJ. Transmission test for linkage disequilibrium:the
insulin gene region and Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Am. J. Hum. Genet
1993;52;506-516.
Sporn MB, Roberts AB, Wakefield LM, Assoian RK. Transforming growth factor
beta:biological function and chemical structure. Science 1986;233:532-534.
Storms SD aild Rutishauser U. A role for polysialic acid in nueral cell adhesion molecule
heterophilic binding to proteoglycans. I BioI Chem 1998;273:27124-27129.
Strand S, Hofinann WI, Hug H, Muller M, Otto G, Strand D. Lymphocyte apoptosis induced
by CD95 (APO-l/Fas) ligand expressing tumor cells - a mechanism of immune evasion? Nat.
Med 1996;2:1361-1367.
Streetz KL, Luedde T, Manns MP, Trautwein C. Interleukin 6 and liver regeneration. Gut
2000;47:309-312.
Suda T, Takahasi T, Golstein P, Nagata S. Molecular cloning and expression of the Fas
ligand, a novel member of the tumor necrosis factor family. Cell 1993;75:1169-1178.
Su F, Schneider R I: HBx sensitizes cell to apoptotic killing by TNF -0.. Proc Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA 1997;94:8744-8749.
115
References
Sullivan DE, Ferris M, Pociask D, Brody AR. TNF-{alpha} Induces TGF-{beta} 1 Expression
in Lung Fibroblasts Through the ERK Pathway. Am J Respir Cell Mol Bioi 2005
Tacket CO, Roy MJ, Widera G, Swain WF, Broome S, Edelman R. Phase I safety and
immune response studies of a DNA vaccine encoding hepatitis B surface antigen delivered by
a gene delivery device. Vaccine 1999; 17 :2826-2829.
Taira K, Hiroyasu S, Shiraishi M, Muto Y, Koji T. Role of the Fas system in liver
regeneration after a partial hepatectomy in rats. Eur Surg Res 2001;33:334-341.
Takehara T, Hayashi N, Mita E, Kanto T, Tatsmni T, Sasaki Y, Kasahara A, Hori M. Delayed
Fas-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis during liver regeneration in mice: hepatoprotective role of
TNF alpha. Hepatology 1998;27:1643-1651.
Takiya S, Tagaya T, Takahashi K, Kawashima H, Kamiya M, Fukuzawa Y, Kobayashi S,
Fukatsu A, Katoh K, Kakumu S. Role of transforming growth factor beta I on hepatic
regeneration and apoptosis in liver diseases. J Clin Pathol 1995;48: 1093-1097.
Talmud P, Lins L, Brasseur R. Prediction of signal peptide functional properties:a study of the
orientation and angle of insertion of yeast invertase mutants and human apolipoprotein B
signal peptide variants. Protein Enginnering 1996; 9:317-321.
Tang B, Bottinger EP, Jakowlew SB, Bagnall KM, Mariano J, Anver MR, Letterio JJ,
Wakefield LM.Transforming growth factor-betal is a new form of tumor suppressor with true
haploid insufficiency. Nat Med 1998;4:802-807.
Taub R. Hepatoprotection via the IL-6/Stat3 pathway. J C1in. Invest 2003;112:978-980.
Tay C, Welsh R. Distinct organ dependent mechanisms for the control of murine
cytomegalovirus infection by natural killer cells. J Virol 1997;71 :267-275.
Terradillos 0, Pollicino T, Lecoeur H, Tripodi M, Gougeon ML, Tiollais P, Buendia MA.
p53-independent apoptotic effects of the hepatitis B virus HBx protein in vivo and in vitro.
Oncogene 1998; 17:2115-2123.
116
References
Terry CF, Loukaci V, Green FR. Cooperative influence of genetic polymorphisms on
Interleukin 6 transcription regulation. J Bioi Chern 2000;275:18138-18144.
Thimme R, Wieland S, Steigeer C, Ghrayeb J, Reimann KA, Purcell RH, Chisari FV. CD8(+)
T cells mediate viral clearance and disease pathogenesis during acute hepatitis B virus
infection. J ViroI2003;77:68-76.
Thio CL, Carrington M, Marti D, O'Brien SJ, Vlahov D, Nelson KE, Astemborski JA,
Thomas DL. Class II of HLA alleles and hepatitis B Virus persistence African Americans. J
Infect Dis 1999; 179: 1 004-1 006.
Thio CL, Thomas DL, Carrington M. Chronic viral hepatitis and the human genome.
Hepatology 2000;31 :819-827.
Thomas HC, Foster GR, Sumiya M, Mcintosh D, Jack DL, Turner MW, Summerfield JA.
Mutation of gene of mannose-binding protein associated with chronic hepatitis B viral
infection. Lancet 1996;348: 1417-1419.
Thomson RK, Arthur MJP. Mechanisms of liver cell damage and repair. Europ j
Gastroenterol Hepatology 1999; 11 :949-955.
Thursz M. Genetic susceptibility in chronic viral hepatitis. Antiviral Res 2001;52:113-116.
Todd JA, FarraH M. Panning for gold:genome-wide scanning for linkage in type I diabetes.
Hum Mol Genet 1996;5:1443-1448.
Tsai SL, Sheen IS, Chien RN, Chu CM, Huang HC, Chuang YL, Lee TH, Liao SK, Lin CL,
Kuo GC, Liaw YF. Activation of Th 1 immunity is a common immune mechanism for the
successful treatment of hepatitis B and C:tetramer assay and therapeutic implications. J
Biomed Sci 2003;10:120-135.
van Deventer S1. Cytokine and cytokine receptor polymorph isms m infectious disease.
Intensive Care Med 2000;26 (Suppl I ):S98-1 02.
117
References
Wang FS. Current status and prospects of studies on human genetic alleles associated with
hepatitis B virus infection. World J GastroenteroI2003;9:641-644.
Wang JY, Wang XL, Liu P. Detection of serum TNF-alpha, IFN-beta,IL-6 and IL-8 10
patients with hepatitis B. World J Gastroenterol 1999;5:38-40.
Wang WH, Gregori G, Hullinger RL, Andrisani OM. Sustained activation of p38 mitogen
activated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathways by hepatitis B virus X protein
mediates apoptosis via induction of FaslFasL and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor
IffNF-alpha expression. Mol Cell Bioi 2004;24:10352-10365.
Wang XW, Forrester K, Yeh H. Hepatitis B virus X protein inhibits p53 sequence-specific
DNA binding, transcriptional activity and association with transcription factor ERCC3. Proc
Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91:2230-2234.
Wang XW, Gibson MK., Venneulen W, Yeh H, Forrester K, Sturzbecher HW, Hoeijmakers
JH, Harris CC. Abrogation of p53-induced apoptosis by the hepatitis B virus X gene.Cancer
Res 1995;55:6012-6016.
Watanabe-Fukunage R, Brannan CI, Itoh N, Yonehara S, Copeland NG, Jenkins N A, Nagata
S. The eDNA structure, expression, chromosomal assignment of the mouse Fas antigen. J
Immuno 1992;148:1274-1279.
Webster GJ, Reignat S, Maini MK, Whalley SA, Ogg GS, King A, Brown D, Amiot PL,
Williams R, Vergani D, Dusheiko GM, Bertoletti A. Incubation phase of acute hepatitis B in
man:dynamic of cellular immune mechanisms. Hepatology 2000;32: 1117 -1124.
Westendorp RG, Langennans JA, Huizinga TW, Verweij CL, Sturk A. Genetic influence on
cytokine production in meningococcal disease. Lancet 1997; 349:1912-1913.
Wilson AG, de Vries N, Pociot F, di Giovine FS, van de Putte LB, Duff GW. An allelic
polymorphism within the tumour necrosis alpha promoter region is strongly associated with
HLAI, 88, DR3 alleles. J. Immunol 1993;177:557.
118
References
Wilson AG, Symons JA, McDowell TL et al. Effects of a polymorphism in the human
tumour necrosis factor alpha promoter on transcriptional activation. PNAS 1997;94:3195-
3199.
World Health Organization 1973. Viral Hepatitis Repository of WHO Scientific Group. WHO
Technical Report Series 512. Geneva:WHO.
Wuestefeld T, Klein C, Steetz KL, Betz U, Lauber J, Buer J, Manns MP, Mueller W,
Trautwein C. IL6/GP130-dependent pathways are protective during liver regeneration. J BioI
Chern 2003;278:11281-11288.
Xing T, Zhang L, Lu Q, Hou J, Feng X, Luo K. ThllTh2 type cytokines in hepatitis B patients
treated with interferon-alpha. Chin Med J (Engl) 2001;114:921-924.
Yamada Y, Kirillova I, Peschon JJ, Fausto N. Initiation of liver growth by tumor necrosis
factor:deficient liver regeneration in mice lacking type I tumor necrosis factor receptor. Proc
Natl Acad Sci USA 1997;94:1441-1446.
Yamagishi, Y, Hashimoto, Y, Niikura, T. & Nishimoto, I. (2003) Identification of essential
amino acids in Humanin, a neuroprotective factor against Alzheimer's disease-relevant insults.
Peptides;24:585.
Yarbough PO. Hepatitis E virus. Intervirology 1999;42:179-184.
Via Y-S, Parka SG, Byeona SM, Kwonb Y-G, Junga G. Hepatitis B virus X protein induces
TNF-alpha expression via down-regulation of selenoprotein P in human hepatoma cell line,
HepG2. Biochim Biophys Acta 2003; 1638:249-256.
Yuen MF, Lau CS, Lau YL, Wong WM, Cheng CC, Lai CL. Mannose binding lectin gene
mutations are associated with progression of liver disease in chronic hepatitis B infection.
Hepatology 1999;29: 1248-1251.
119
References
Zanta MA, Belguise-Valladier P, Behr JP. Gene delivery:a single nuclear localization signal
peptide is sufficient to carry DNA to the cell nucleus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1999;96:91-
96.
Zavaglia C, Bortolon C, Ferrioli G, Rho A, Mondazzi L, Bottelli R, Ghessi A, Gelosa F,
lamoni G, Ideo G. HLA typing in chronic type B, D and C hepatitis. J Hepatol 1996;24:658-
665.
Zhang W, Vue B, Wang GQ, Lu SL. Serum and ascites levels of macrophage migration
inhibitory factor, TNF-alpha and IL-6 in patients with chronic virus·hepatitis B and hepatitis
cirrhosis.Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2002; 1 :577-580.
Zimmers TA, McKillop rn, Pierce RH, Yoo JY, Koniaris LG. Massive liver growth in mice
induced by systemic interleukin 6 administration. Hepatology 2003;38:326-334.
Zoulim F, Seeger C. Reverse transcription in hepatitis B viruses is primed by a tyrosine
residue of the polymerase. J Viro11994 a;68:6-13.
Zoulim F, Saputelli J, SeegerC. Woodchuck hepatitis virus X protein is required for viral
infection in vivo. J Virol 1994 b;68:2026-2030.
120
Top Related