CPR/first Aid
By Medic First Aid
CPR/first Aid Cards Are Good for Two Years
Vocabulary• CPR• AED• EMS• Good Samaritan Law• OSHA• Paralysis• ABC’s• Initial assessment• Physical assessment• DOTS• SAMPLE
• Cardiac arrest• Shock• Airway obstruction
Initial Assessment• Airway:
– Tilt head and lift chin to clear the tongue. – If you suspect a neck injury, tilt the head only if needed to get
airway clear– Inspect mouth for fluids or solid material
• Breathing:– Look for chest to rise and fall– Listen for sounds of breathing– Feel for flow of exhaled air on your cheek
– If no breathing give two rescue breaths
• Circulation:– Check for signs of circulation: patient movement, coughing,
S E T U P• S= stop
– Take a moment to assess the situation
• E= environment– Check the scene to see if it is safe for you
• T= traffic– Look for hazards as in traffic around you
• U= unknown hazards– Examine all areas for unknown hazards be cautious
• P= protect yourself– Wear gloves or some kind of barrier
Using Barriers• Putting on gloves:
– Inspect gloves for damage
• Removing of gloves– Remove carefully so not to splash/spray
material.– Grab outside wrist of one glove with the other
hand– Pull off glove and turn inside out– Put inverted glove on the other hand and slide
finger under the glove and pull off. Do not snap the glove.
• Face shields. Ventilation masks and shields
CPR• 1. Check the scene• 2. Tap and shout• 3. Call EMS and get the AED• 4. Open airway- forehead chin tilt• 5. Look, listen, feel for breathing• 6. Two full breaths• 7. 30 compressions• 8. 2 full breaths• 9. Continue until:
– Help arrives, patient starts breathing, You become too tired to continue, scene becomes unsafe, or the AED arrives.
You are never too young to save a life.
Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
• 1. Setup• 2. Assess Responsiveness (Tap and shout)• 3. Activate EMS and get AED• 4. ABC• 5. No breathing or signs of circulation perform
CPR• 6. AED arrives• 7. Bare, prepare, and place pads• 8. Begin analysis of heart rhythm• 9. Clear patient• 10. Deliver shock
Other Considerations for AED– Environment
– Implanted medical devises
– Medication patches
– Children
– Emergency Oxygen
Choking Unconscious• Blocked airway• After two full breaths and airway is obstructed- re-
tilt head and try again if airway is still blocked do • 5 abdominal thrusts• finger sweep• one breath until airway is open
Choking
Choking- Responsive
• 1. Give medical statement
• 2. Ask them are you choking and can I help?
• 3. Give 5 abdominal thrusts– Make a fist and put thumb side down just above
the naval
• 4. Continue until airway is open
Bleeding
• Put on barriers.• Apply direct pressure.• Elevate above heart.• Do not remove bandages- even if they
become soaked.• Pressure points if bleeding doesn’t slow.• Dispose of waste in biohazard bag or
container.
Shock• Signs/symptomsSigns/symptoms• Become uneasy, restless,
or worried• Pale blue gray tissue
color• Moist, cool, and clammy
skin• Shallow, rapid breathing• Rapid pulse• Thirst• Confusion• Nausea, vomiting
• TreatmentTreatment• Maintain body
temperature• Elevate legs only if
you don’t suspect neck/spine injury
• Keep them calm• Monitor vitals
Head Injuries• Signs/symptomsSigns/symptoms• 1. Headache • 2. Nausea• 3. Dizzy• 4. Blurred vision• 5. Unconscious• 6. Not all there• 7. Emotional state
changed• 8. Unequal pupils
• Treatment.Treatment.• 1. Monitor signs and
symptoms.• 2. Call parents.• 3. Notify EMS if
signs/symptoms get worse
Neck and Spine Injuries• Unconscious victim
always suspect neck injury
• Signs and symptoms of serious neck or spine injury
• Numbness or tingling• Loss of function• Point tender over
spine
• Treatment• stabilize head and
neck• call EMS• monitor vitals• Treat for shock
Abdominal Injury
• Signs/symptoms• Swelling• Discoloration• Board like feeling• Shock• Mechanism of injury
• Treatment• Treat for shock• Call EMS• Monitor vitals
Heat Illness
• Heat exhaustion• Sweating
• Pale color moist clammy skin
• Rapid shallow breathing
• Weakness
• Dizzy
• Headache
• Treatment• Get to cool location• Remove restrictive
clothing• Give fluids if they can
drink• Monitor vitals very
closely
Heat Illness Cont.
• Heat stroke• Tissue color is red• Hot dry skin• Rapid pulse• Loss of consciousness• Disoriented and
confused
• Treatment• Cool immediately• Activate EMS• Monitor vitals
Allergic Reaction• Signs/symptomsSigns/symptoms• 1. Skin flushed-hives• 2. Shock• 3. Breathing difficulty• 4. Lower levels of
responsiveness• 5. Swelling eyes, face,
tongue, throat• 6. Respiratory arrest • 7. Itching, burning• 8.Nausea• 9. Dizzy
• TreatmentTreatment• 1. Activate EMS• 2. Check for bee sting
kit or Benadryl• 3. Treat for shock
Asthma
• Signs/symptomsSigns/symptoms• 1. Labored breathing• 2. Wheezing sound
when exhaling• 3. High pitched cough • 4. Weakness
• TreatmentTreatment• 1. Assist with
medication• 2. Activate EMS if not
getting better or no history of asthma
• 3. Calm them down • Get into a warm moist
room• 4. Monitor vitals
Diabetic
• Diabetic comaDiabetic coma• 1. Thirst• 2. Frequent urination• 3. Warm dry skin• 4. Sweet odor on
breath• 5. Confused, irritable
• Insulin shockInsulin shock• 1. Aggressive
behavior• 2. Disoriented• 3. Pale tissue color• 4. Moist clammy skin• 5. Dizzy, headache
Give sugar not insulin. If they don’t respond to treatment activate EMS
Epileptic Seizures• Signs/symptomsSigns/symptoms• 1. May suddenly
stiffen and fall• 2. Jerking movements• 3. Jaw muscles tighten• 4. Patient may stop
breathing• 5. May lose control of
bladder • 6. Become very tired
afterward
• TreatmentTreatment• 1. Allow to rest• 2. Keep people away• 3. Activate EMS if• A. Person is injured• B. Has no history of
seizures• C. Does not resume
breathing after seizures• D. Has continuous
seizures• E. Seizures last more
than ten min in a known seizure patient
Splinting
• 3 rules of splinting:• 1. Splint as is
• 2. Fingers and toes showing for circulation
• 3. Splint one joint above and one joint below to stabilize the injured area
Heart Problems• Signs/ symptomsSigns/ symptoms
– Heart attack
• 1. Pale, blue tissue
• 2. Sweating
• 3. Denial
• 4. Pain not relieved by rest
• 5. Uncomfortable pressure
• 6. Pain radiates to shoulder, neck, jaw, or arms
• TreatmentTreatment• 1. Activate EMS• 2. Make them
comfortable• 3. Monitor vitals
Emergency Cards
• Everyone needs one on file with the coach or athletic trainer
• They must travel with the athletes
• They are given to EMS for contact numbers and medical warnings
• Hospital preference
Documentation
• Injury documentation must be done.– Date and time of injury– First aid given– Who was notified of the injury– Location of the injury
• Treatment documentation:– Date– What was done and progress of injury status
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