CORRUPTION BENCHMARKING IN SERBIA
Report prepared for UNDP Serbia
Report prepared by CeSID DOO, Belgrade
June 2013
2
METHODOLOGICAL REMARKS
Research realised byPublic opinion research agency CeSID
and UNDP Serbia
Field work Period between June 01 and 08, 2013
Type and sample sizeRandom, representative sample made out of 610 citizens of Serbia aged over
18
Sample frame Polling station territory, as the most
reliable unit of registry
Household selection Random sampling with no substitutions – every other house addresses within
the polling station area
Selection of interviewees within households
Random sampling with no substitutions – selection of interviewees by the first
birthday method in relation to the survey day
Research technique Face to face, within the household
Research instrument Questionnaire
3
SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION IN THE COUNTRY - EXPECTATIONS OF SERBIAN CITIZENS
Optimism of Serbian citizens still remains at last December's level. However, for the first time in the last three years since the UNDP is doing the surveys, two consecutive researches resulted with less than half of pessimists among the interviewees.
Doesn’t know
Into right direction
Into wrong direction
10%
25%
65%
14%
19%
67%
16%
22%
62%
13%
16%
71%
23%
32%
45%
19%
32%
49%
2013 jun2012 dec2012 jun2011 nov2010 oct2010 mar2009 oct
4
How would you evaluate your current living conditions?
52% of interviewees claim that their living conditions are poor or even unbearable right now.It's very important to note that citizens don't base their optimism on the current economic situation. This is an indicator that a good part of the public is aware that reforms that bring better life cannot arrive overnight!
2009 oktobar
2010 mart
2010 oktobar
2011 novembar
2012 jun
2012 decembar
2013 jun
1%
1%
3%
1%
1%
0%
1%
2%
1%
0%
1%
0%
1%
1%
11%
10%
14%
12%
9%
10%
9%
37%
37%
39%
35%
31%
45%
37%
38%
38%
34%
45%
45%
31%
36%
11%
13%
10%
6%
14%
13%
16%
Doesn`t know
Exceptionally good
Fairly good
Bearable
Bad
Unbearable
5
WHAT ARE THE KEY PROBLEMS?
There are no major changes in the ranking of problems the public in Serbia is facing.
Corruption still comes second with 15% of citizens who single it out as the key problem of Serbia.
The result confirms that the awareness of citizens related to damages of corruption is very high, as they mostly complain about poor living standards and economic hardships.
Citizens are aware of the damage corruption causes, and they want the issue resolved!
Pensions
Kosovo and Metohija
Health care
Poor education system
Relations with Europe and the EU
Crime and security
Feeble and inefficient insti-tutions
Low salaries
Lack of opportunities for young people
Poverty
Corruption
Unemployment
3%
1%
2%
2%
3%
9%
2%
7%
7%
23%
11%
29%
3%
1%
2%
1%
1%
7%
3%
9%
8%
21%
8%
35%
4%
1%
2%
2%
3%
4%
2%
10%
9%
23%
7%
32%
2%
1%
1%
3%
1%
4%
2%
7%
5%
21%
12%
41%
3%
1%
2%
1%
1%
3%
1%
9%
5%
23%
9%
40%
1%
1%
2%
2%
2%
3%
3%
6%
7%
14%
15%
44%
1%
0%
1%
2%
1%
3%
4%
6%
6%
15%
15%
44%
2013 jun
2012 dec
2012 jun
2011 nov
2010 oct
2010 mar
2009 oct
THE INCIDENCE OF CORRUPTION
Who paid, how much, to whom and why?
7
THE INCIDENCE OF CORRUPTION
The number of direct and indirect experiences with corruption is a bit higher in comparison to the end of last year. However, the numbers are still
significantly smaller in comparison to the period between 2009 and June 2012.
okt.
09
mar.
10
okt.
10
nov.
11
jun
.12
dec.1
2
jun
.13
okt.
09
mar.
10
okt.
10
nov.
11
jun
.12
dec.1
2
jun
.13
Indirect experience Direct experience
38%
33% 34%
39%
35%
20%
26%
15% 16%
13%11%
14%
8%
11%
8
WHO GOT PAID?
Doctors, police and clerks in pubic administration remain at the top of the list, but these are who citizens come in contact with most.
Docto
r
Policem
an
Clerk
with
pub
lic a
dmin
istra
tion
Prose
cuto
r
Someo
ne else
Teach
er/p
rofe
ssor
Tax o
fficia
l
Custo
ms
Judg
e
Attorn
ey/la
wye
r
Comm
unal
serv
ices
25%
19%
9%5%
12%9%
3% 3%5%
3%7%
47%
15% 14%
5% 5% 4% 4% 4%1% 1% 1%
dec.12 jun.13
9
WHAT IS A REASON FOR PAYING A BRIBE?
The higher incidence is a result of more frequent solicitation of bribes. However, the main sources of corruption are the very citizens themselves.
The average bribe amounted to 205 euros, which is higher than in the two previous research cycles.
I w
as d
irectl
y a
sk
ed
to p
ay 2
2
I off
ere
d t
o p
ay i
n o
rder
to a
void
p
rob
lem
s w
ith
rele
van
t in
div
id-u
als
I off
ere
d b
rib
e t
o o
bta
in c
ert
ain
serv
ices
I w
as d
irectl
y a
sk
ed
to p
ay 2
2
I off
ere
d t
o p
ay i
n o
rder
to a
void
p
rob
lem
s w
ith
rele
van
t in
div
id-u
als
I off
ere
d b
rib
e t
o o
bta
in c
ert
ain
serv
ices
Indirect experience Direct experience
27%17%
56%
19% 24%
57%
10
PERCEPTION OF CORRUPTION – BEST RESULTS YET
29% of citizens believe that the level of corruption has decreased in the previous year, which is the best result so far. Citizens of Serbia value the results in the fight against
corruption that were accomplished in the past 12 months.
2009 oct
2010 mar
2010 oct
2011 nov
2012 jun
2012 dec
2013 jun
8%
9%
8%
7%
9%
10%
10%
19%
25%
10%
23%
24%
8%
7%
22%
20%
23%
25%
24%
12%
11%
40%
38%
47%
35%
35%
45%
43%
11%
7%
12%
10%
8%
24%
27%
0%
1%
0%
0%
1%
2%
doesn’t know/no answer
grew signif-icantly
grew a little
remained the same
decreased a little
decreased a lot
11
WHERE IS CORRUPTION HEADED IN THE NEXT 12 MONTHS?
One in three citizens of Serbia expects that the level of corruption will further decrease in the coming year, while 15% say that the corruption will be on the rise! The decline signals that the further increase in trust among citizens mostly depends upon efforts the relevant bodies put into the continued fight against corruption.
2009 oct
2010 mar
2010 oct
2011 nov
2012 jun
2012 dec
2013 jun
9%
10%
14%
11%
9%
13%
15%
14%
14%
8%
16%
19%
4%
7%
18%
19%
17%
21%
21%
9%
8%
41%
45%
43%
38%
36%
33%
37%
16%
12%
17%
13%
12%
34%
28%
1%
0%
1%
1%
3%
7%
5%
doesn’t know/no an-swerwill grow significantly
will grow a little
will remain the same
will decrease a little
will decrease a lot
12
CORRUPTION IS LURKING FROM...?
According to citizens, political parties have been most corrupted part of the system for years now. The judiciary and health care system are constantly at the top of the list, joined by the police.
All the above listed institutions are facing one big problem: how to regain the citizens' trust in their work?
City/adminis-tration
Customs
Attorneys/lawyers
Police
Prosecutors
Judges
Health care
Political parties
55%
72%
66%
65%
65%
70%
78%
76%
55%
62%
68%
65%
66%
70%
70%
80%
52%
63%
67%
57%
67%
68%
73%
74%
55%
63%
63%
63%
64%
67%
74%
76%
64%
66%
62%
64%
67%
69%
74%
77%
51%
52%
60%
56%
63%
64%
69%
72%
51%
62%
62%
65%
65%
67%
68%
72%
2009 oct
2010 mar
2010 oct
2011 nov
2012 jun
2012 dec
2013 jun
13
LEVELS OF CORRUPTION IN THE KEY INSTITUTIONS?
Judging by the interviewees' answers, quite high!
However, the Government, the President, the Parliament, and the army are ranked much better in comparison to one year ago! The Government of the Republic of Serbia is the only
institution where the level of corruption has not increased in relation to the December research.
Army
President of State
Government
Parliament/leg-islation
23%
43%
61%
62%
23%
44%
66%
65%
27%
36%
63%
60%
25%
45%
67%
63%
32%
47%
69%
65%
13%
24%
47%
44%
16%
29%
47%
48%2009 oct
2010 mar
2010 oct
2011 nov
2012 jun
2012 dec
2013 jun
14
SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON CORRUPTION
Due to the fact that direct and indirect experiences with corruption are found among less than two fifths of citizens, it should not be surprising that the media represents the main
source of information about corruption.
Mediji Čujem Prijatelji, rodbina Lično iskustvo Drugi izvori
66%
34% 35%
13%
2%
60%
38%31%
13%
1%
dec.12 jun.13
15
WOULD YOU GIVE A BRIBE IF SOLICITED?
Citizens do feel that the fight against corruption is going on and there is a growing number of them who would not pay the demanded bribe! In this research cycle, almost one in two citizens (46%) said they would not pay the bribe the private or state clerk/employee would ask from them.
Willingness to report corruption to relevant bodies is still low.
I’d report it to media
Wouldn’t do a thing, would wait for situation to change
I’d report it to administration
I’d pay if I had the money
I’d report the case to bodies that implement the law
I’d look for someone to help me, without paying the bribe
I’d not pay
9%
9%
14%
24%
16%
30%
37%
5%
8%
11%
20%
15%
37%
33%
6%
8%
10%
18%
13%
30%
33%
8%
10%
10%
15%
13%
29%
33%
7%
11%
11%
17%
11%
26%
33%
4%
9%
14%
18%
24%
34%
40%
7%
14%
14%
17%
18%
32%
46%
2013 jun
2012 dec
2012 jun
2011 nov
2010 oct
2010 mar
2009 oct
16
WHO SHOULD LEAD THE FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION?
The Government of the Republic of Serbia has definitely taken over the lead in the fight against corruption!
The Government is at the top of the list and decrease in trust in "competing" institutions that are
directly responsible for the fight against corruption, leads us to two conclusions: a) Citizens believe that corruption represents one of the key issues in Serbia that only the institution
with the strongest authority can face; b) Citizens recognise the Government as the institution that announced and began the fight against
corruption, and expects it to finish the task.
Commissioner for information of public importance and personal data protection
NGOs
Special elite forces
State audit institution
Parliament
President
Ombudsman
Citizens (associations of citizens)
Judiciary
Anti-Corruption Agency
Police
Government
1%
1%
7%
3%
3%
4%
2%
11%
24%
13%
47%
46%
1%
1%
5%
5%
6%
9%
2%
18%
37%
26%
49%
41%
1%
2%
3%
3%
3%
5%
10%
19%
27%
35%
39%
43%
jun.13dec.12jun.12
17
WHAT IS THE BEST WAY FOR FIGHTING CORRUPTION?
Corruption and crime must be punished!
Raised salaries for public administration employees
Transparency in administrative decision making
Enforced control of civil sector (NGOs) over public administration
Raising the level of awareness on corruption
Strengthening of state control over public adminis-tration
Improved legislation (new anti-corruption law, in-ternational conventions)
Harsh legal sanctions
22%
35%
45%
52%
54%
54%
75%
25%
37%
41%
50%
52%
49%
70%
21%
32%
36%
40%
45%
42%
58%
30%
38%
41%
46%
48%
49%
66%
21%
40%
43%
47%
47%
44%
71%
33%
45%
51%
60%
61%
69%
79%
24%
39%
47%
53%
62%
64%
81%
2013 jun2012 dec2012 jun2011 nov2010 oct2010 mar2009 oct
18
HOW EFFICIENT IS THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA IN FIGHTING CORRUPTION
Pretty much!
The Government's efficiency in the fight against corruption is increasingly ranked higher by citizens, from cycle to cycle! At this moment, a total of 64% of citizens believe that the
Government is efficient in its effort to decrease the level of corruption in Serbia!
Doesn’t know/NA Very efficient Little efficient Mostly inefficient Not efficient at all
8%
2%
32%
23%
35%
11%9%
49%
22%
9%9% 11%
53%
21%
6%
2012 jun 2012 decembar 2013 jun
PERCEPTION OF THE WORK OF THE ANTI-CORRUPTION AGENCY
20
RECOGNIZING THE ANTI-CORRUPTION AGENCY
At this moment, 77% of Serbian citizens are familiar with the Agency's work, and that confirms the very good result from the previous research cycle!
2010 mar 2010 oct 2011 nov 2012 jun 2012 dec 2013 jun
60%65% 63%
75% 77% 77%
21
THE AGENCY’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION
Similar to recognisability of its work, the Agency's contribution in the fight against corruption is at a mild standstill in relation to the previous research cycle. At this moment, 60% of interviewees believe that the Agency contributes to a certain extent to the fight against corruption.
Good news is that, from cycle to cycle, a larger number of citizens believe that the Agency should carry the burden of the fight against corruption. It remains to the Agency to meet the expectations and trust of citizens.
None
A little
Partial
Significant
Doesn’t know/NA
20%
29%
15%
2%
33%
14%
32%
24%
3%
28%
13%
36%
22%
2%
27%
20%
38%
19%
3%
20%
10%
35%
24%
5%
26%
12%
31%
24%
5%
28%
2013 jun2012 dec2012 jun2011 nov2010 oct2010 mar
THANK YOU
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