Correlation Between Image Reproduction Preferences
and Viewing Patterns Measured with a Head Mounted Eye Tracker
Correlation Between Image Reproduction Preferences
and Viewing Patterns Measured with a Head Mounted Eye Tracker
Lisa A. MarkelLisa A. Markel
Jeff B. Pelz, Ph.D.Jeff B. Pelz, Ph.D.Center for Imaging ScienceCenter for Imaging Science
Rochester Institute for TechnologyRochester Institute for Technology
HypothesisHypothesis
An eye tracker can be used to determine An eye tracker can be used to determine eye movements and fixations while eye movements and fixations while viewing pairs of imagesviewing pairs of images. .
Scenes type dependentScenes type dependent
PortraitsPortraits -> -> face and other exposed fleshface and other exposed flesh
Landscapes -> Landscapes -> sky and foliagesky and foliage
People In Nature -> People In Nature -> flesh, sky, and foliageflesh, sky, and foliage
HypothesisHypothesis
There is also anticipation that there will There is also anticipation that there will be a distinct viewing pattern when be a distinct viewing pattern when comparing pairs or sets of images.comparing pairs or sets of images.
Patterns:Patterns:
OriginalOriginal->->ReproductionReproduction AlternationAlternation
OriginalOriginal->->Reproduction Overall ScanningReproduction Overall Scanning
Eye TrackerEye Tracker
Eye Tracking DeviceEye Tracking Device Applied Science Laboratories Applied Science Laboratories
Series 5000 Eye Tracking Series 5000 Eye Tracking SystemSystem
CharacteristicsCharacteristics Captures eye line of gaze Captures eye line of gaze
with respect to headwith respect to head Non-invasiveNon-invasive MobilityMobility
Series 5000 Eye Tracking SystemSeries 5000 Eye Tracking System
Eye MonitorEye Monitor Pupil ReflectionPupil Reflection Corneal ReflectionCorneal Reflection
Scene MonitorScene Monitor Scene displayScene display Eye line of gaze Eye line of gaze
Landscape Scene 1
Original
Reproduction 1
Reproduction 2
++
MethodologyMethodology
ParticipantsParticipants 8 total participants8 total participants
Students and FriendsStudents and Friends 7 male and 1 female7 male and 1 female Normal Color VisionNormal Color Vision
MethodologyMethodology
StimuliStimuli 5x7 inch Prints 5x7 inch Prints
KODAK DS 8650 Thermal PrinterKODAK DS 8650 Thermal Printer
One Original, Two ReproductionsOne Original, Two Reproductions Original - straight-through output pathOriginal - straight-through output path Reproductions - same as original with selective Reproductions - same as original with selective
changeschanges
Scene Categories with 12 Images EachScene Categories with 12 Images Each PortraitPortrait Landscape Landscape People in NaturePeople in Nature
Image PreparationImage Preparation
KODAK Photo KODAK Photo CDCD
Film OriginalsFilm Originals
Color AdjustmentColor Adjustment
KODAK DS 8650 Thermal PrintsKODAK DS 8650 Thermal Prints
Scene LayoutScene Layout
Landscape Scene 1
Original
Reproduction 1
Reproduction 2
MethodologyMethodology
QuestionsQuestions Determine which of the two Determine which of the two
reproductions are preferredreproductions are preferred
Determine which of the two Determine which of the two reproductions most closely matches the reproductions most closely matches the originaloriginal
The order in which these two questions are The order in which these two questions are performed will alternate.performed will alternate.
Data CollectionData Collection
Initial Data Stored on 8mm tapeInitial Data Stored on 8mm tape
Landscape Scene 1
Original
Reproduction 1
Reproduction 2
++
Approximately 35 minutes for each subjectApproximately 35 minutes for each subject
Data CollectionData Collection
Tape data was Tape data was analyzed frame by analyzed frame by frame to acquire frame to acquire fixation informationfixation information Each subjectEach subject Every ImageEvery Image
Approximately 3 hrs Approximately 3 hrs per subjectper subject
Scene 1
A
B
Original
1
2
3
4
5
6
7 8
9
1011
12
13
14
15
1
16
17
18
Data AnalysisData Analysis
Points connected to Points connected to see view patternssee view patterns
Scene 1
A
B
Original
Data CollectionData Collection
Spread Sheet ParametersSpread Sheet Parameters Total Viewing Time for Each SceneTotal Viewing Time for Each Scene Viewing Location (Original, A, B)Viewing Location (Original, A, B) Total Number of FixationsTotal Number of Fixations Number of Fixations Per SecondNumber of Fixations Per Second Run Length (How many sequential Run Length (How many sequential
fixations in the same imagefixations in the same image Number of Point to Point CorrelationsNumber of Point to Point Correlations
Graphing DataGraphing Data
Spreadsheet was used to generate Spreadsheet was used to generate several graphsseveral graphs Provide graphic data for each parameters Provide graphic data for each parameters Show the distinctionsShow the distinctions
Between two questions asked and fixation Between two questions asked and fixation patternspatterns
Between Scene TypeBetween Scene Type
Results - Total Viewing TimeResults - Total Viewing Time
Total time for viewing Scenes
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Tim
e (
seco
nds)
PortraitsLandscapesPeople in Nature
Results - Point to Point CorrelationResults - Point to Point Correlation
Number of Corresponding Points
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
PortraitsLandscapesPeople in Nature
Results - Total Number of FixationsResults - Total Number of Fixations
Number of Fixations Per Scene
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
PortraitsLandscapesPeople in
Nature
General ResultsGeneral Results
Like BetterLike Better Match OriginalMatch Original
General ResultsGeneral Results
FixationsFixations Time - Most subjects had longer fixation Time - Most subjects had longer fixation
when they were asked to choose which when they were asked to choose which they like betterthey like better
Correlation Points - Larger number when Correlation Points - Larger number when trying to match the originaltrying to match the original
Total Number of Fixation - Larger for Total Number of Fixation - Larger for matching originalmatching original
General ResultsGeneral Results
Scene ContentScene Content Landscapes - General concentration to Landscapes - General concentration to
main subject in the scene, secondary focus main subject in the scene, secondary focus on sky, foliageon sky, foliage
Portraits - Concentration on facial features, Portraits - Concentration on facial features, secondary focus on clothingsecondary focus on clothing
People in Nature - Primary focus to flesh, People in Nature - Primary focus to flesh, secondary focus to foliage, skysecondary focus to foliage, sky
Further TestingFurther Testing
More SubjectsMore Subjects
Statistics - ANOVAStatistics - ANOVA
A final report will be available on the Web:A final report will be available on the Web:http://www.cis.rit.edu/~lam8488http://www.cis.rit.edu/~lam8488
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