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Chapter 3
Directional Terms, Anatomic Planes, Regions, and Quadrants
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Purpose of Directional Terms,
directional terms: used to describe the relative position of one part of the body to another
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Anatomic Position
Body is viewed as erect, arms at the side with palms of the hands facing forward, and feet placed side by side. Whether the patient is standing or lying down face up, the directional terms are the same.
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Combining Forms for Directional Terms
anter/o
caud/o
cephal/o
dist/o
dors/o
infer/o
later/o
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Combining Forms for Directional Terms
medi/o
poster/o
proxim/o
super/o
ventr/o
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Prefixes bi- uni-
Suffixes -ad -ior
Prefixes and Suffixes
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Directional Terms
anterioranteroposterior (AP)bilateralcaudalcephalicdistaldorsalinferior
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Directional Terms (cont’d)
lateralmedialmediolateralposteriorproximalposteroanterior (PA)superiorunilateralventral
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Purpose Anatomic Planes
anatomic planes: used to describe the location of internal organs and structures
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Anatomic Planes
frontal or coronal: vertical field passing through the body from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portionsmidsagittal: vertical field running through the body from front to back; divides body into right and left halves
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Anatomic Planes
sagittal: vertical field running through the body from front to back—divides body into uneven right and left halvestransverse: horizontal field dividing the body into upper and lower portions
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Abdominopelvic Regions
To assist medical personnel to locate medical problems with greater accuracy and for identification purposes, the abdomen is divided into regions:
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Abdominopelvic Regions
hypochondriac (right & left)epigastriclumbar (right & left)
umbilicaliliac (right & left)hypogastric
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Abdominopelvic Quadrants
Right upper quadrant: RUQ
Left upper quadrant: LUQ
Right lower quadrant: RLQ
Left lower quadrant: LLQ
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