CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND HEALTH
King Saud UniversityEngineering College
Civil Engineering Department
Presented byDr. Khalid Al-Dafer
Construction Safety and Health
Outline
Construction Safety Training Video
Basic Safety Philosophy for Success
Environmental Health in Construction
OSHA Standards
Construction Hazards
Construction Hazards
Potential hazards for workers in construction
Falls (from heights)
Trench collapse
Scaffold collapse Electric shock
Failure to use proper personal protective equipment
Repetitive motion injuries
OSHA Standards
Scaffolding Fall Protection Ladders Stairways
OSHA Most Frequently Cited Standards that must be Checked include:
Head Protection Cranes Trenching
OSHA Standards
Scaffolding
Hazard
- Fall hazards
- Collapse hazards
Solutions
-Scaffold must be sound, rigid and sufficient to carry its own weight plus four times the maximum intended load.
- Unstable objects, such as barrels or boxes must not be used to support scaffolds or planks.
OSHA Standards
Scaffolding
Solutions
- Scaffold must not be erected except under the supervision of a competent person.
-Scaffold must be equipped with guardrails
-Scaffolds must be at least 10 feet from electric power lines at all times.
OSHA Standards
Fall Protection
Hazard
Each year, falls consistently account for the greatest number of fatalities in the construction industry.
Solutions
Consider using aerial lifts or elevated platforms
Erect guardrail systems with toe boards and warning lines
OSHA Standards
Fall Protection
Solutions
Cover floor holes
Use safety net systems
Use personal fall arrest systems (body harnesses)
OSHA Standards
Ladders
Hazard
Ladders and stairways are another source of injuries and fatalities among construction workers.
Solutions
Use the correct ladder for the task.
Have a competent person visually inspect a ladder before use for any defects.
OSHA Standards
Ladders
Solutions
Make sure that ladders are long enough to safely reach the work area.
Never load ladders beyond the maximum intended load
Avoid using ladders with metallic components near electrical work
OSHA Standards
Stairways
Hazard
Slips, trips and falls on stairways area major source of injuries and fatalities among construction workers.
Solutions
Stairway treads and walkways must be free of dangerous objects, debris and materials.
Stairways having four or more risers or rising more than 30 inches must have at least one handrail.
OSHA Standards
Trenching
Hazard
Trench collapses cause dozens of fatalities and hundreds of injuries each year.
Solutions
Never enter an unprotected trench.
Always use a protective system for trenches 5 feet deep or greater.
OSHA Standards
Trenching
Solutions
Employ a registered professional engineer to design a protective system for trenches 20 feet deep or greater.
Always provide a way to exit a trench—such as a ladder, stairway
Make sure that trenches are inspected by a competent person prior to entry and after any hazard-increasing event
OSHA Standards
Cranes
Hazard
Significant and serious injuries may occur if cranes are not inspected before use and if they are not used properly.
Solutions
Check all crane controls to insure proper operation before use.
Inspect wire rope, chains and hook for any damage.
OSHA Standards
Cranes
Solutions
Know the weight of the load that the crane is to lift.
Ensure that the load does not exceed the crane’s rated capacity.
Raise the load a few inches to verify balance and the effectiveness of the brake system.
OSHA Standards
Cranes
Solutions
Do not move a load over workers.
Barricade accessible areas within the crane’s swing radius.
Watch for overhead electrical distribution and transmission lines and maintain a safe working clearance of at least 10 feet from energized electrical lines.
OSHA Standards
Head Protection
Hazard
Serious head injuries can result from blows to the head.
Solutions
Be sure that workers wear hard hats
Environmental Health in Construction
Noise Dust Radiation
Toxic Materials Heat Cold
Environmental Health in Construction
Noise Dust Radiation
Toxic Materials Heat Cold
Cab enclosures can be used on construction equipment to protect equipment operators from equipment noise.
The use of such enclosures has necessitated improved equipment instrumentation to enable the operator to determine whether the machine is operating properly without depending on the sound of the equipment's operation.
Environmental Health in Construction
Noise Dust Radiation
Toxic Materials Heat Cold
Although the use of operator enclosures permits an improved operator environment, it also creates a safety hazard, because it is difficult for workers outside the enclosures to communicate with the equipment operator.
As a result, increased attention must be given to the use of guides, backup alarms, and hand signals if accidents are to be avoided.
Environmental Health in Construction
Noise Dust Radiation
Toxic Materials
In addition to creating a safety hazard due to loss of visibility, dust may be responsible for a number of lung diseases.
Silica dust and asbestos dust are particularly dangerous and produce specific lung diseases (asbestosis and silicosis).
Heat Cold
Environmental Health in Construction
Noise Dust Radiation
Toxic Materials
Asbestos dust has also been found to be a cancer-producing agent. As a result, OSHA safety and health standards limit the concentration of dust to which workers may be exposed.
The allowable concentration of asbestos particles is, as you might expect, quite low.
Heat Cold
Environmental Health in Construction
Noise Dust Radiation
Toxic Materials
Ionizing radiation is produced by X-ray equipment and by radioactive material.
Such radiation may be present on the construction site when X-raying welds, measuring soil density, or performing nondestructive materials testing.
Heat Cold
Environmental Health in Construction
Noise Dust Radiation
Toxic Materials
only well-trained employees should be permitted to operate such equipment.
Workers must be provided anti laser eye protection when working in areas having a potential exposure to laser light output greater than 5 mW.
Heat Cold
Environmental Health in Construction
Noise Dust Radiation
Toxic Materials
Construction workers may accidentally encounter toxic materials at any time, particularly on reconstruction projects.
Every effort must be made to locate and properly protect utility lines during excavation operations.
Heat Cold
Environmental Health in Construction
Noise Dust Radiation
Toxic Materials
The air in a work area should be tested whenever an oxygen deficiency or toxic gas is likely to be encountered.
Specific safety procedures and protective equipment should be provided if hazardous liquids or solids are likely to be encountered.
Heat Cold
Environmental Health in Construction
Noise Dust Radiation
Toxic Materials
Construction workers are often required to work under high-temperature conditions.
Fortunately, the human body will acclimate itself to high-temperature conditions within a period of 7 to 10 days.
Heat Cold
Environmental Health in Construction
Noise Dust Radiation
Toxic Materials
serious heat illness may result when workers are not properly acclimated and protected. Medical effects range from fatal heat stroke to minor heat fatigue.
It is particularly important to health that the body's water and salt levels be maintained.
Heat Cold
Environmental Health in Construction
Noise Dust Radiation
Toxic Materials
Methods for reducing heat effect on workers include:
- use of mechanical equipment to reduce physical labor requirements,
- scheduling hot work for the cooler part of the day,
- use of sun shields, providing cool rest areas [optimum temperatures about 77°F (25°C)],
- providing a water and salt supply easily accessible to workers, and
-use of proper hot-weather clothing.
Heat Cold
Environmental Health in Construction
Noise Dust Radiation
Toxic Materials Heat Cold
Medical effects of cold include:
-frostbite,
-trench foot,
-general hypothermia (reduction of the core body temperature).
General hypothermia is usually fatal when the body core temperature drops below 65°F (18°C).
Environmental Health in Construction
Noise Dust Radiation
Toxic Materials Heat Cold
The major requirement for successful cold-weather construction appears to be the provision of adequate clothing and warming areas.
The use of bulky cold-weather clothing, however, reduces manual dexterity and may increase the possibility of accidents.
Basic Safety philosophy for Success
Basic Safety philosophy for Success
All accidents are preventable.
No job is worth getting hurt for.
Every job will be done safely.
Incidents can be managed.
Safety is everyone’s responsibility.
Continuous improvement.
Safety as a “way of life” for 24 hours/day
Basic Safety Philosophy for Success
Basic Safety philosophy for Success
All individuals have the responsibility and accountability to identify eliminate or manage risks associated with their workplace
Legal obligations will be the minimum requirements fro our health & safety standards
Individual will be trained and equipped to have the skills and facilities to ensure an accident free workplace
Construction Safety Training Video
Introduction
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HEMeSRUHeAA&list=PLE0E1940A2726E4AF
Construction Safety Training Video
Personal Protective Equipment
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hl0BfF30tlA&list=PLE0E1940A2726E4AF
Construction Safety Training Video
Fall Protection
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=adI_Um93xtw&list=PLE0E1940A2726E4AF
Construction Safety Training Video
Elevated Work Platforms
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hM81CTGvwd8&list=PLE0E1940A2726E4AF
Construction Safety Training Video
Material Handling and Storage
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hM81CTGvwd8&list=PLE0E1940A2726E4AF
Construction Safety Training Video
Power Tools and Electrical Safety
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXgahxgTJUQ&list=PLE0E1940A2726E4AF
Construction Safety Training Video
Haz-Com Program
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-MUGfIQ4f1U&list=PLE0E1940A2726E4AF
Construction Safety Training Video
Fire Protection
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1tnYyDTRHIo&list=PLE0E1940A2726E4AF
Construction Safety Training Video
Conclusion
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r1onBOOzopQ&list=PLE0E1940A2726E4AF