Conservation agriculture and drought-tolerant maize varieties 2014
By David Mariote, Christian Thierfelder and Peter Setimela
SANREM Innovation Annual Meeting Lab, 19-21 May, 2014
Washington DCUSA
Objective of this project• Develop sustainable, climate-smart technologies for
smallholder farmers by integrating conservation agriculture and drought-tolerant maize varieties
• Overcome market constraints to seed availability in Mozambique
• Increase the knoweldge and awareness of stakeholders about improved technologies
• Quantify the socio-economic impact of interventions on food security and farmers‘ livelihood
Where do we operate?
• Active in Mozambique since
2006
• Experiences mainly in three
provinces: Manica, Sofala and
Tete
• Mainly mid-altidude and
confined to maize-growing
areas
• Mainly small scale farmers
Trend of maize production in Mozambique1960 to 2007
Country: MozambiqueMaize yields compared to neighbouring countries
(FAOSTAT-2012)
• Maize productivity is very low particularly under farmers management practices
4.6736
2.5871
2.0158
1.5515
1.23641.0992
0.8751
0
1
2
3
4
5
t/ha
Maize yields in Mozambique and neighbouring countries in 2010
Conservation Agriculture (CA) – a sustainable system
CA comprises the following principles:
Minimal soil movement
Surface crop residue retention
Crop rotations and/or green manure cover crops
•Basin planting
•Jab-planter •AT Direct seeder
•Dibble stick
•Hoe-planter
•Magoye ripper
FARMERS INVOLVED IN COMPOSTING PROCESS
CIMMYT’s partners in Mozambique
• The Mozambique National Agricultural Research and Extension Systems
• Seed producers and input suppliers
• IITA, IFDC
• International NGO’s (i.e. Total Land Care)
• Donors: USAIDField tour with partners in Manica Province
Maize response to CA on different farmer‘s fields, Lamego, 2012/2013
b
a
a
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
Joaquim Jequete Jose Andrassone Inacio Luis Nhanga Lourenco Lampiao Bernardo Paulo Mean
Sites
Gra
in y
ield
(k
g/h
a)
Conventional practice
CA basin planting
CA direct seeding
Mozambique - all communities 2012/2013
3022
b
b
b
bbb
c
a
cb
b
3233c
ab
b
a
aba
b
b
ba
b
3962
a
a
a
aa
a
aab
aa
a
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Gim
u
Lam
ego
Lam
ego
Nde
ja
Mag
uai
Malom
ue
Mus
sian
haro
Nham
atiquite
Nham
izhinga
Nze
we
Pumbu
to
Ulo
ngue
Mea
n
Communities
Maiz
e g
rain
yie
ld (
kg
ha
-1)
Control treatment
Basins
Direct seeding
Varieties under different cropping systems, 2012/2013
b
b
b
b
b
c
b
b
b
b
b
c
b
bb
a
a
b
a
a
a
a
aaa
a
a
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Matuba no fert Matuba fert ZM309 fert ZM401 fert ZM523 fert ZM625 fert Molocue 1 fert Pristine 601 fert PAN 53 fert
Varieties
Ma
ize
gra
in y
ield
(k
g h
a-1
)
Control treatment
Basins
Direct seeding
Performance of maize varieties under CA in Sussundenga, 2012/2013
BCDEFG
BCDEFGCDEFGDEFG
EFGFG
G
AA
AB
ABCABCD
BCDE
BCDEFBCDEFG
G
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
molo
cue
czh083
7
sc635
sc403
pan67
PGS61
czh093
5
pristin
e601
pan53
zm309
suss
uma
mat
uba
zm401
zm625
tsanga
no
zm523
Varieties
Mai
ze g
rain
yie
ld [
kg/h
a]
Harvest year
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Maiz
e g
rain
yie
ld (
kg h
a-1
)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
b
a a
a a a
c
ba
Conventional practice
Basin planting
Direct seeding
ba
a
b
aab
c
b
a
Average maize grain yield in five target communities, Mozambique, 2008-2013
Varieties
Mat
uba,
no
fert
Mat
uba,
fert
ZM30
9, fe
rt
ZM40
1, fe
rt
ZM52
3, fe
rt
ZM62
5, fe
rt
Maiz
e g
rain
yie
ld (
kg h
a-1
)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
Conventional control
Basin planting
Direct seeding
aa
b
aab
b
aba
b
aab
aa
b
aab
b
Overall varietal performance in five target
communities of Mozambique, 2008-2013
Average cowpea grain yield in five target communities, Mozambique,
2010-2013
Harvest year
2010 2011 2012 2013
Co
wp
ea
gra
in y
ield
(kg
ha
-1)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
b
a
a
a
Conventional practice
Basin planting
Direct seeding
ba
a
ab
a
a a
b
Training events on cropping systems and improved varieties in eleven target
communities
No. of
participants
No of
males
No of
females
Community awareness 450 267 183
Evaluation meetings 300 170 130
Farmer to farmer exchange 169 55 114
Field days 702 356 346
Study tours 12 10 2
Trainings 147 83 64
Planning meeting 22 20 2
Variety demonstration field days 1700 521 1179
Total 3502 1482 2020
Extend of adoption* in different target communities
*adoption under this project is defined as uptake without
external input support from the project
District Name of community Men Women Total
Nhamatanda Lamego John Segredo 62 22 84
Nhamatanda Lamego Ndeja 44 23 67
Gondola Pumbuto 25 20 45
Sussundenga Nhamatiquite 257 171 428
Báruè Mussianharo 27 37 64
Báruè Nhamizhinga 78 31 109
Báruè Malomue 21 9 30
Angonia Nzewe, Ulongue 22 11 33
Tsangano Gimo, Maguai 39 12 51
Total 575 336 911
Seed production in 2012/2013 cropping season by seed companies
and IIAMVariety Type
Year of
release
Amount of seed
produced (tons) Seed Partners
Molocue Hybrid 2011 50 Lozane Seed
ZM309 OPV 2013 300
Dengo Commercial,
Bonimar, Ndzarayapela
ZM523 OPV 2011 500 Dengo Commercial
OLIPA Hybrid 2010 50 Lozane Seed; Moz Seeds
SP1 Hybrid 2013 20 Semente Perfeita
Pristine 601 Hybrid 2013 200 Moz Seeds,
Various other
lines Breeders’ seed 2013 3 IIAM
Total 1123
Conclusions• We have made good progress
to achieve the project goals!• The results show that CA and
drought tolerant varieties are viable and profitable technology interventions
• Change is a slow process –but what are the alternatives?
• How can we get to more adoption? The need for an integrated approach involving more partners....!
Plot under CA (Maize & Cow pea)
Maize & Cow pea plot with Mulching
Discussion with men & women
Differences between basins and jab planter plots
Discussion with women
Part of Nhamatanda CA Team
Thank you very much!
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