CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
Reliable Resilient Real-time Flood Warning Network
James Logan, OneRain,
Flood Warning
Summary
• What is in a real-time monitoring network?
• How can it be made it reliable and resilient?– Identify single points of failure, options for
mitigating single points of failure– Based on risk and cost, implement
redundancy where it makes sense
Components of the Real-Time Environmental Monitoring System
What make a real-time monitoring network?
What does it mean to be reliable and resilient?
• Reliability is the achieved outcome– It is up every time it is needed– Data is available anytime/anywhere
• Resiliency lies in the design and maintenance• Design minimizes single points of failure
• Strong maintenance practices and tracking help achieve accountable performance
Telemetry
• Affordable and sustainable– Power management, cost, vandalism issues
• Timely delivery– Flash flooding requires real-time data
• Reliable paths– RF and network
• Redundant paths increase data reliability
• Gauge Site Failures– Is redundancy required here?– If you lose a sensor, will your operations
fail?
• Repeater Failures– If you lose a repeater, what data are lost?
Analyze for points of failure
• Base Station Failures– Power, antenna, receiver, decoder; Will one
failure take the system down?– Connectivity for dissemination; How many
users are impacted? Will alarms go out?
Analyze for points of failure
Reliable networks are designed to avoid single points of failure
• Move single points of failure out to gauges
• Redundant telemetry at repeater sites– Independent receive/transmit, different data
channels (ALERT, satellite, IP, cell, ALERT2™)
• Redundant data receive sites– Geographically distributed, diverse mechanisms
Mitigating missing rain gauges
• Importance of rain gauges– If a gauge does not participate, you have lost that
area of rainfall monitoring, could be a critical catchment
• GARR lessens impact of lost rain gauges– Gauges used to calibrate radars superior spatial
coverage– No loss of information at gauge that failed, less
certainty of overall accuracy than with the gauge
Rain gauges vs. gauges + radar
Gauge-only rainfall estimates
Gauge-adjusted radar rainfallestimates
Reliable networks are well-maintained, their performance held accountable
• Solid, standardized maintenance practices– Routine/proactive scheduled maintenance– Good trouble recognition and troubleshooting– Daily analysis of data, statistical tools
• Performance accountability– Daily/monthly/annual reporting to show
sensor, network availability
Data collection & dissemination
• Reliable/redundant receive points– Safe archiving once data arrive– Lost gauge data are irreplaceable
• Accessibility– Anytime/anywhere access– Usability
• Appropriate security– Authorized users? What should the public see?
Real life examples
Los Angeles County
• Redundant repeater path• ALERT RF and StormLink™ Satellite
Concentrators at Repeaters• Redundant base stations
• DIADvisor™ and Contrail® Web for Base Station Redundancy
Denver Urban Drainage and Flood Control District
• Redundant repeater path• ALERT RF and ALERT2™ at Repeaters
• Redundant base stations• Mission critical customer agencies of UDFCD
have their own base station receiver and software as backup to UDFCDs website
Monterey County
• Repeater Redundancy• ALERT RF and StormLink™ IP Concentrator
at repeater• Base Station Redundancy
• Local DIADvior™ Base Station and Contrail® Web for base station redundancy
Napa County
• Repeater Redundancy• ALERT RF and StormLink™ Satellite
concentrator at repeater• Base Station Redundancy
• Local DIADvisor™ Base Station and Contrail® Web for base station redundancy
Summary
• Identify single points of failure
• Investigate options for reducing single points of failure– Network backbone– Base Stations
• Based on risk and cost, implement redundancy where it makes sense
Thanks!
Questions?
CONFIDENTIAL
StormLink™ Satellite Telemetry
• L – Band• 20 second latency• Independent channel• Independent
infrastrucure– Contrail® Web
StormLink™ rainfall example
Remote Site
VPN Tunnel
Radar Data gauge Data
Customized Products
MSAT Satellite
DownlinkReston, VA
Internet
TCP/IP
X.25
X.25
Contrail® clientClient Application (DIADvisor™, other)
XMLhttp
Network Evaluations• Harris County, TX
• Louisville MSD, KY
• Overland Park, KS
• Clark County, NV
• Denver Urban Drainage and Flood Control District
• Southern CA ALERT Network (SCAN)
• Maricopa County, AZ
• Entergy Corporation
• Site design issues, for example:– Good capture by rain gauge?– PT in the water at low levels? – Vulnerability to high flows?
• Representative monitoring, for example:– Rainfall – are gauge data used alone or to
calibrate radar (don’t need as many gauges with GARR)?
Monitoring components
BOR/BIA Dam Safety Project
• Since 2004• 130+ high risk, high
hazard dams• Contrail® Web with
automated alarms & notifications
• Supporting National Monitoring Center, staffed 24/7
Louisville/Jefferson County MSD
• Since 2003• Real-time control support• MSD, USGS and METAR
gauges• OneRainware™ GARR
– Real-time, 4-hour forecast
• Contrail® Web with automated alarms & notifications
StormLink™ rainfall example
Remote Site
VPN Tunnel
MSAT Satellite
DownlinkReston, VA
Internet
TCP/IP
X.25
X.25
Contrail® clientClient Application (DIADvisor™, other)
XMLhttp
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