CONDOLENCE EXPRESSION USED BY SOCIAL MEDIA USERS FOR THE
PASSING OF KOBE BRYANT AND HIS DAUGHTER GIANNA
Submitted as a Partial Fulfilment of Requirements for Getting Bachelor
Degree of Education in English Department School of Teacher Training and Education.
by:
SEKAR HAPSARI PUJA UTAMA
A320160284
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION.
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION.
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA.
2020.
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CONDOLENCE EXPRESSION USED BY SOCIAL MEDIA USERS FOR THE
PASSING OF KOBE BRYANT AND HIS DAUGHTER GIANNA
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkategorisasikan strategi dan niat dalam ungkapan
belasungkawa. dalam komentar pengguna media sosial dari berita meninggalnya bintang bola
basket Kobe Bryant dan putrinya. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan tipe penelitian
deskriptif kualitatif.. Data dalam penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan teori.dari Elwood
(2004) untuk strategi belasungkawa dan teori Kreidler (2013) untuk menganalisis niat
ungkapan belasungkawa. Pertama, berdasarkan 77 komentar yang telah difilter, peneliti
mampu mengidentifikasi. 9 strategi ungkapan belasungkawa dalam komentar. pengguna
media sosial tersebut ; yaitu acknowledge of the death, expression of sympathy, future
oriented remarks, seeking absolution from God,, related question, expression of empathy,
statement of lacking words,, religious oriented sympathy and combination strategy. Kedua,.
dari 57 komentar peneliti menemukan 6 niat ungkapan. belasungkawa dalam komentar
tersebut yaitu; explaning, praising, condoling, sympathizing, empathizing dam suggesting.
Hasil dari penelitian ini strategi belasungkawa yang dominan digunakan adalah expression of
sympathy dan seeking absolution from God. Untuk niat ungkapan belasungkawa yang lebih
dominan digunakan adalah sympathizing.
Kata kunci : linguistik, pragmatik, belasungkawa, niat
Abstract
This study aims to categorize strategies and. intentions of condolences in the comments. of
social media users from the news of the death of basketball star Kobe Bryant and his
daughter. In this study, belong to descriptive qualitative research.. The data in this, study
analyze by using the theory of Elwood (2004). for the condolence strategy and Kreidler's
theory (2013) to analyze the intentions of condolences. First, based on. 77 filtered comments,
the researcher. able to identify. 9 condolence strategies in the comments of those social media
users; namely acknowledgment. of the death, expression of sympathy, future oriented.
remarks, seeking absolution. from God, related questions, expressions of empathy, statements
of lacking words, religious oriented sympathy and combination strategy. Second, from 57
comments researchers found 6 intentions of condolences in the comments namely;
explaining, praising, condoling, sympathizing, empathizing and suggesting. The results of
this study, the dominant condolence strategy is expression of sympathy and seeking
absolution from God. For the intention of condolence, the more dominant is sympathizing.
Keywords : linguistics, pragmatics, condolence, intention
1. INTRODUCTION
Communication in general can be interpreted as the process of sending and receiving
information or messages. .According to Lunenburg (2010), communication is the process of.
transmitting information and common understanding from one person to another..
Communication can. help build a relationship between people and each message delivered
has a specific purpose and purpose (Coates, 2009). Communication is one thing that can not
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be avoided, seeing when everyone wants to convey their thoughts through a communication,
one of them conveying a condolence.
Conducted from the study Hei (2018) in the research has the purpose to examine. the
ethnic variation of condolence. message written .by Malaysian. The data. of this study are 36
condolence messages written by Chinese, Malay and Indian in English. The researchers
applied the theory of Elwood (2004). The results of the study are that among the three ethnic
groups, Chinese ethnic use more words of hope and sympathy. In Malay ethnicity is a bit
more polytheistic and uttered indirectly, using sympathy with the word "sorry". Indian ethnic
writers say more sentences that relate directly to God. From ethnic varieties there are slight
differences in expressing condolence, this can occur because of the results of differences in
culture and social values.
Behnam et al. (2013) with the aim of their research is to .investigate the condolence.
between English and Persian. via text messages.. The data of this. study are obtained from 60
short messages including 30 from English and 30 from Persian. The theory used is the theory
of Elwood (2004). The results of this study are that the Persian message is more direct and
concise and is mostly religiously spoken. Meanwhile, the English message was more indirect
and contained sympathetic and apologetic.
Whereas a study conducted by Al-shboul (2013), investigates the expressions of
condolences in Jordanian Arabic delivered through social media namely Facebook. The data
of this study are 678 posted expressions of condolence in response to the death status of
contemporary Jordanian actors who died in 2011. These data analyzed using the assumptions
of Elwood (2004),. Farnia (2008), Pishgdam & .Morady (2012), Samavarchi & Allami
(2012). The results of this study relate to religious beliefs.. In addition to this finding it is also
found .that the majority of condolences in the comments of Jordanian society are based on
religious beliefs. The results obtained can provide information. for cross-cultural.
comparative studies and related. research.
In this research can provide several benefits such as theoretical. The benefits of this
research can also contribute to the study of linguistics and in this study can demonstrate
pragmatic analysis especially in terms of condolence strategies and intentions of condolence.
There are also practical benefits in this study can have the effect of increasing knowledge
about the correct strategy when expressing condolences so that finally they can use the
correct and appropriate strategy when giving a speech with a condolence situation. The
objective of the study are to categorize the strategy of condolence for Kobe Bryant and his
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daughter Gianna and to categorize the intentions involved in the condolence utterance in
response for the passing of Kobe Bryant and his daughter Gianna.
2. METHOD
The type of this research is descriptive qualitative.. The object of this research is the
expression of condolence of the passing Kobe Bryant and his daughter Gianna. The
researcher can find the object in utterance written by social media users which can be in the
form of words and sentences.. The sources of the data are the sad news of Kobe Bryant and
his daughter Gianna taken from the websites usatoday.com, bbc.com, tmz.com, vogue.com,
instagram and twitter. The data collected by reading all the data and grouping the data by
each categories. The problem discussed in this research is to describe the condolence strategy
and condolence expressions given by social media users. In this news commentary there are
many strategies and intentions of expression.
3. FINDING AND DISCUSSION
Table 1. Data finding of Strategies of Condolence Expression
No Strategies of Condolence
Utterance
Example ∑ Percentages %
1. Acknowledgement of the
Death
Oh my God! 9 12%
2. Expression of Sympathy My condolence to his
family
16 21%
3. Future Oriented Remarks Sending love and
prayers to his family
11 14%
4. Seeking Absolution from
God
Rest In Peace 16 21%
5. Related Question Is that Kobe Bryant? 2 3%
6. Expression of Empathy Thinking of all this
family
5 6%
7. Statement of Lack Words I have no words 6 8%
8. Religious Oriented
Sympathy
God is so power full 1 1%
9. Combination Expression RIP, My condolence to 11 14%
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his family
Total 77 100%
The table below is the topic of the second objective of the study, which is to categorize
the intentions of expression condolence in social media.
Table 2. Data Finding of the Intentions of Expression Condolence
The finding of strategy of condolence as shown in table 4.1, there are nine strategies of
expression of condolences according to Elwood (2004) and there is one additional strategy.
These strategies are acknowledgement of the death, expression of sympathy, offer of
assistance, future oriented remarks, expression of concern, seeking absolution from God,
related questions, religious oriented sympathy, expression of empathy, statement of lacking
word, offer assistance and combined expression. In this study, not all the strategies can be
found from 76 expressions. The finding of the intentions, that there are 6 the intention of
condolence expression based on the illocutionary act according to Kreidler (2013) who stated
seven illocutionary acts namely assertive, performative, declarative, verdictive, expressive,
commisive and phatic. The findings of the intentions are explaining, announcing, praising,
condoling, sympathizing, empathizing and suggesting. The dominant type of strategy
condolence is expression of sympathy and seeking absolution from God with 16 data (21%).
This means that social media users prefer to offer condolence that are universal and have
positive meanings for the deceased and the family that was left behind. And the most
No The Intention Example ∑ Percentages
(%)
1. Explaining To his daughter was on plane to 4 7%
2. Praising We lost a King 12 21%
3. Condoling My condolence to all their families 7 12%
4. Sympathizing My sympathy goes out to all the
families
29 51%
5. Empathizing Heart going out to the Bryant family 4 7%
6. Suggesting What about the other family, they`re
important also
1 2%
Total 57 100%
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dominant illocutionary intentions are sympathizing with the findings of 29 data (51%) then
praising with the result of 12 data (21%). This means that saying condolence is not only to
give sympathy and empathy but can also provide a positive assessment during the life of the
deceased.
4. CONCLUSION
Based on the findings in this study, the researcher provide conclusion into :
4.1 The Strategies of Condolence
The researcher analyzes the condolence strategy write by social media users
for the passing of Kobe Bryant and his daughter. The most dominant condolence
strategy is expression of sympathy and seeking absolution from God with 16 data
(21%). For the next sequence there is a future oriented remarks and combination of
expression strategies with 11 data (14%). Then the strategy acknowledgement of the
with the discovery of 9 data (12%). The others strategy, statement of lacking words
has 6 data (8%) and expression of empathy with 5 data (6%) . And then the strategy
of related question get 2 data (3%). And the lowest frequency is a religious oriented
sympathy strategy, there is only 1 data (1%).
4.2 The Intention of Condolence Expression
After analyzing the intentions, the researcher found 6 intentions out of 57 data.
They are explaining, praising, condoling, sympathizing, suggesting and empathizing.
The intentions are explaining, announcing, praising, condoling, sympathizing,
empathizing and suggesting. In this study not all the intentions based on
illocutionary are found out of 57 data only six intentions are found. The most
dominant illocutionary intentions are sympathizing with the findings of 29 data
(51%), then there is praising with 12 data (21%), after that the intention of condoling
with the finding of 7 data (12%), then the intention of explaining and empathizing
with the same finding with 4 data (7%) and the lowest frequency is suggesting with
1 data (2%). In this research, it can be seen that expressing condolences not only
gives sympathy, but can also provide an intention to announce and give praise or a
explaining during the life of the deceased.
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