Comparative theories relevant to Tunisia, Egypt, & beyond
EgyptJan. 25
TunisiaJan. 12
Japan’s Development in Comparative Perspective Japan was “relatively
backward” in 19th C Tokugawa Period
(1600s – mid-1800s) Parallels to 15th C
England Agricultural economy Hereditary ruling class Emperor
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Japan Faces Threat from West
Threat from West during Tokugawa US—Commodore Perry’s “black ships” (1853) Results in limitations on Japan’s sovereignty
unequal treaties, “extra-territoriality,” limits on tariff authority
Japan Faces Threat from West
U.S. Commodore Perry: 2 perspectives
Japan’s Development in Comparative Perspective Japan succeeds in
“catching up” Defeats China in Sino-Japanese War (1894-5)
Colonizes Taiwan (1895-1945)
Japan’s Development in Comparative Perspective Japan succeeds in
“catching up” Defeats Russia in Russo-
Japanese War (1904-5) Defeats European power
Russo-Japanese War, 1904-5
Japan’s Development in Comparative Perspective Japan succeeds in
“catching up” Colonizes Korea (1910-
1945)
Launches expansion throughout Asia
Japanese colonial building in Korea
Japanese invasion of Hong Kong
Japan’s Development in Comparative Perspective How did Japan “catch up”?
What factors would Gerschenkron consider? What would Gerschenkron predict?
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Economic Development in Japan, pre-WW II “Meiji Restoration,”
1868 Group of reformers
overthrew Tokugawa regime
Acted in name of emperor
Hence “restoration”
Economic Development in Japan, pre-WWII Meiji Restoration
Central role for state in economy, initially (1870s)
Which sectors?
Economic Development in Japan, pre-WWII Meiji Restoration
Central role for state in economy, initially (1870s)
Which sectors? Military related
Weapons Shipbuilding
Economic Development in Japan, pre-WWII Meiji Restoration
Central role for state in economy, initially (1870s)
Which sectors? Military related
Weapons Shipbuilding
Even textiles
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Economic Development in Japan, pre-WW II Meiji Restoration
Video: http://www.pacificcentury.org/meiji6.html Relate to Gerschenkron
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Economic Development in Japan, pre-WW II “Meiji Restoration”
Video Relate to Gerschenkron
Global technological frontier Role for state Speed
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Economic Development in Japan, pre-WW II Meiji Restoration
State struggles to develop through state ownership
State ownership private ownership State assets sold to private firms on favorable terms
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Economic Development in Japan, pre-WW II Meiji Restoration
Zaibatsu (late 19th C – early 20th C)
Under state guidance Large family-controlled
firms Combined banking &
industry Examples
Mitsubishi Mitsui Sumitomo Yasuda
Mitsubishi
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Economic development in Japan pre-World War II
Government bureaucrats “guided” zaibatsuUsed government policy tools
Subsidies Low interest-rate loans Tax breaks Tariff protection
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Economic development in Japan pre-World War II
Government bureaucrats “guided” zaibatsu Used government policy tools
Subsidies Low interest-rate loans Tax breaks Tariff protection
Targeted specific industries Textiles (silk) Steel manufacturing Chemical production Ship-building
Mitsubishi shipyard in Nagasaki, 1885
Spinning factory in Osaka
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Economic development in Japan pre-World War II
Rapid economic development in JapanDepends on extensive foreign trade Seeks raw materials, markets, outlets for
investment
Japan moves into “core”
Could dependency theory explain Japan’s move into the core?
Japan moves into “core”
Japan as a member of the coreColonizes Taiwan (1895), Korea (1910)Attempts domination of Asia (1930s)
Seeks raw materials, markets, outlets for investment
Taiwan Rice, sugar
Korea Iron ore
Japan as a member of the core
Japan as a member of the core “Greater East Asia ‘Co-Prosperity’ Sphere”
Japan’s approach to colonial rule Japanese colonial administration
coercive Staffed by Japanese Penetrated beyond “transnational kernel” to hinterland
Benefited zaibatsu Mitsubishi, Mitsui Tripled their assets 1930-40
Nature of Japanese System, Post-WW II: Johnson reading
What are the elements of the capitalist developmental state model, according to Johnson?
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