Commodity Destabilisation and General Awareness
AT11 Slide 1
“Fuel, fund or facilitate conflict”
Destabilising Commodities
AT11 Slide 2
Destabilising Commodities
Destabilizing commodities, directly or indirectly, are perceived to contribute to violence and social/ political insecurity
AT11 Slide 3
War Economies
War economy: economic activities organised to finance war
“The perpetuation of war can become an end in itself, providing and justifying the use of violent means to create or sustain economic profits and political power”
ODI Network Paper 33, July 2000
AT11 Slide 4
War Economy Examples
Angola, 1992 - 2002:• UNITA (National Union for Total Independence of
Angola• During 1997-97 UNITA estimated to have exported
diamonds worth nearly $2bn
DRC, 1997 – To Date:• 80% of cassiterite from conflict zones transported
by air• Strong link between coltan and arms transport
AT11 Slide 5
Embargoed armed groups
Arms brokers
Mining
Narcotics
Refineries
Underworld markets
Air Transport – Key Link in the Chain
AT11 Slide 6
Embargoed armed groups
Arms brokers
Mining
Narcotics
Refineries
Underworld markets
Air Transport – Key Link in the Chain
Airport records
Transfer documentation
AWACS/ Land/Maritime Radar
Aircraft ownership databases
Airport traffic control records
AT11 Slide 7
Avoiding Detection
Re-register companies listed on “watch lists” under a different name
Switch aircraft between countries Complex business structures Operate in countries with lax controls
AT11 Slide 8
Jet Line International company address: an apartment in Kiev with no visible company sign
Company Registration
AT11 Slide 9
Air Cargo Carrier Characteristics
What qualities do arms traffickers look for in an air transport provider?
What qualities do humanitarian organizations look for in an air transport provider?
AT11 Slide 10
Blue Bird
Badr Airlines
Aerolift
Carriers that Raise Ethical Issues
AT11 Slide 11
Characteristics / Warning Signs
AT11 Slide 12
Bangkok Case Study (1 of 8)
Between 1997 and 2009 this aircraft operated under at least eight different companies which have been named in open source arms trafficking reports.
AT11 Slide 13
Bangkok Case Study (2 of 8)
AT11 Slide 14
Ilyushin IL 76 – seized in Bangkok, 12 Dec 2009
Weapons Consignment(“Oil industry parts”)
Crew4 Kazakhs, 1 Belarusian, normally work for Zykov
Plane leased from Union Top Management Ltd (UTM), formed Nov 2009 in Hong Kong.
Bangkok Case Study (3 of 8)
AT11 Slide 15
Weapons Consignment(“Oil industry parts”)
Aerotrack Ltd, Ukraine:Consignee (unknown company)
Korean General Trading Corporation, North Korea:
Shipper (unknown company)
Bangkok Case Study (4 of 8)
AT11 Slide 16
Crew4 Kazakhs, 1 Belarusian, normally work for Zykov
Alexander Zykov(Owner, East Wing)
East Wing (ex GST Aero), Kazakhstan, menitoned in UN
Sanctions Reports 2008/09
Bangkok Case Study (5 of 8)
AT11 Slide 17
Plane leased from Union Top Management Ltd (UTM), formed Nov 2009 in Hong Kong.
Plane provided to UTM by SP Trading.SP Trading formed Jul/Nov 2009, New Zealand
Dario Cabreros Garmendia(Unknown founder of UTM,
based in Barcelona)
Bangkok Case Study (6 of 8)
AT11 Slide 18
Dario Cabreros Garmendia(Unknown founder of UTM,
based in Barcelona)
Acoto Ltd, a ‘secretary firm’: provides board members and company registration service for UTM
Easytime Development Ltd – incorporates UTM in Hong Kong
Global King Ventures Ltd (BVI) – shareholder in Easytime
Bangkok Case Study (7 of 8)
AT11 Slide 19
Plane provided by SP Trading to UTM.SP Trading formed Jul/Nov 2009, New Zealand
Yury Lunyov(Founder, SP Trading)
Lu Zhang(Sole director, provides incorporation service
Plane provided to SP Trading by
Air West, Georgia
Levan Kakabadze(Owner, Air West)
Plane actually owned byOverseas Cargo FZE, UAE
Svetlana Zykov(Owner, Overseas Cargo)
Business Associate
Bangkok Case Study (8 of 8)
AT11 Slide 20
Ilyushin IL 76 – seized in Bangkok, 12 Dec 2009
Weapons Consignment(“Oil industry parts”)
CrewAlexander Zykov,
East Wing
Plane leased from UTM Dario Cabreros Garmendia, UTM
SP Trading provides plane to UTM.
Yury Lunyov,SP Trading)
Air West provide Plane to SP Trading
Levan Kakabadze, Air West
Plane owned byOverseas Cargo
Svetlana Zykov,Overseas Cargo
Business Associate
Married
Commission Regulation (EC) No 1144/2009 of 26 November 2009
Report of the Panel of Experts Pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004) concerning the DRC S/2009/603
Commission Regulation (EC) No 331/2008 of 11 April 2008
Report of the Panel of Experts Pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004) concerning the DRC S/2008/773
Commission Regulation (EC) No 235/2007 of 5 March 2007
Commission Regulation (EC) No 474/2006 of 22 March 2006
Security Council letter pursuant to resolution 1533 (2004) concerning the DRC S/2006/53
Hewa Bora Case Study
AT11 Slide 21
Initiatives to Address the Problem
European Union
EthicalCargo
AT11 Slide 22
EU Air Safety Regulations
AT11 Slide 23
EthicalCargo.org
AT11 Slide 24
Questions
AT11 Slide 25
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