Collegiate Choral Singing and
Perceived Health Benefits
An Interactive Qualifying Project
Submitted to the Faculty of
WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
Degree of Bachelor of Science
By:
Tianxiong Wang
Yi Sun
Tian Luo
Date:
May 6, 2015
Report Submitted to:
John Delorey
Worcester Polytechnic Institute
This report represents work of WPI undergraduate students submitted to the faculty as evidence of a degree requirement. WPI routinely publishes these reports on its web site without editorial
or peer review. For more information about the projects program at WPI, see http://www.wpi.edu/Academics/Projects
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Abstract
The objective of this project was to investigate the perceived influence of choral
activities on human health. Based on the analysis of related published research papers,
the group created a survey for the student members of Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Choral Association. By analyzing survey results and comparing the collected data from
the survey with data from background research, the group assessed the perceived benefits
of choral singing and human health.
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Table of Contents
Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 2
Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 4
Background ......................................................................................................................... 5
Methodology ..................................................................................................................... 11
Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 24
Appendix A – Survey ........................................................................................................ 25
Appendix B - Choral Singing & Human Health Reference .............................................. 28
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Introduction
According to Chorus America, 32.5 million adults sing in choirs, up by almost 10
million over the past six years since 2007 (Horn, S. (2013, August 16). Singing Changes
Your Brain | TIME.com. Retrieved April 18, 2015 )1 This data shows that almost one
tenth of the American population sings in chorus. Published research indicates that
people, after participating in choral singing, perceive positive social, physical and mental
effects.
To begin a coherent research strategy to understand how choral singing affects
human health, both mentally and physically, the team researched all known published
projects and research papers related to choral singing and health issues. It appears that
under some specific conditions, choral singing did have perceived positive effects on
mental and physical conditions according to surveys completed by singers.
The team next prepared a questionnaire for the WPI Choral Association that was
based on their research they conducted. The team designed a survey to collect data from
the WPI Choral Association and compared the results with the previous research results.
One important application of this research could be the use of singing in stressful
environments, in order to improve human health and well-being.
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Background
1. Mental Health
Choral singing is an activity that is performed worldwide. The team found eight
research papers about choral singing’s benefit to mental health. All of the research led to
the same conclusion: choral singing can enhance human psychological wellbeing.
There is one research paper that suggested that choral singing could be a cost-
effective way to enhance human wellbeing. It says that the experience of people using
their voice to make music might be enhanced when they feel part of a cohesive social
group, which advocates the conclusion that choral singing is good for human wellbeing.
Other research listed some details of the benefits of choral singing: people could discover
how to listen carefully, how to monitor their sound, get the chance to work on social
skills and work on reducing their performance anxiety by singing with a group. As for the
benefit of reducing anxiety, there is research that shows that singing in a choir is linked to
decreased levels of anxiety, which also indicated benefits to mental health.
Another interesting piece of research was done in prison. Researchers did two
experiments to investigate influences of performing in a prison choir. The primary
purpose was to compare wellbeing measurements between prison choristers and inmates
who were not part of the chorus. Researchers used the Friedman Well-Being Scale
(FWBS) as the dependent measurement. They took measurements before and after
performances of two prison-based choirs: an inmate-only group that performed in the
correctional facility (experiment one) and another inmate-volunteer group that performed
outside the correctional facility (experiment two). Results indicated no significant
differences between the experimental and control groups in composite wellbeing scores
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in both experiments. In experiment two, they found four significant differences in
emotional stability, sociability, happiness, and joviality. By analyzing data from those
experiments, they reached the conclusion that choral singing may enhance inmate singers’
wellbeing. Participation in choral singing performances, particularly performing outside
of the correctional facility, benefited inmates’ perceived wellbeing.
There was also a study that explored the personal experiences of the choir members.
In this study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-one members of the
choir at three points in time: at the inception of the choir, after six months, and after
twelve months. This research found three content themes after this study: the first aspect
is the subjective impact. It is found that people with “choir” experience have many
positive emotions, better emotional regulation and better spiritual experience. The second
apparent difference is in social influence. Choir members seem to have an advantage in
connectedness with other people. The last main difference is about functional outcomes.
Choir members have better health and a higher employment rate than those who do not
take part in a choir. Consequently, choral singing benefit mental health.
2. Physical Health
The team investigated ten publications relating physical health to choral singing.
Five publications investigated the idea of choral singing as a kind of treatment for some
kinds of diseases such as Parkinson. Three of the publications investigated how singing
influences some specific parts of human body like the brain and heart in normal choral
singing. One investigated the overall physical effects of choral singing.
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It is very interesting that in a naturalistic design, the choral member’s saliva was
taken before, after rehearsal and during performance of Beethoven's Missa Solemnis. The
measurements show that the mean levels of secretary immunoglobulin A, which is
corresponding to improvement of immune system, increased significantly.
Immunoglobulin A improves 150% during rehearsals and 240% during the performance.
Cortisol concentrations, which are a stress hormone, decreased 30% during rehearsal and
increased 37% during performance. It indicates that “the best multiple regression model
for performance level of immunoglobulin A (p < .0015) included seven emotional,
cognitive, and evaluative variables generally associated with choral singing”( Beck, R.,
Cesario, T., Yousefi, A., & Enamoto, H. (2000). Choral Singing, Performance Perception,
and Immune System Changes in Salivary Immunoglobulin A and Cortisol. Music
Perception: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 18, 87-106.) during rehearsals and performance,
members could have a improved emotional state. Those feelings affect some indicators of
human system such as immunoglobulin A, cortisol concentrations increase or decrease.
Thus, it benefits the human immune system. It appears that singing has the power to
influence human physical health as singing reduces anxiety, and a regulated emotional
state would bring some positive effects to physical health. The research also indicates that
choral singing has some indirect positive effects to human health while people are
actually singing.
There is one publication Voice and choral singing treatment: a new approach for
speech and voice disorders in Parkinson’s disease (P. DI BENEDETTO , M. CAVAZZON,
F. MONDOLO, G. RUGIU, A. PERATONER, E. BIASUTTI.) that describes a treatment
for patients with Parkinson’s disease that is called voice and choral singing treatment.
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This treatment includes twenty hours of speech therapy and twenty-six hours of choral
singing each week. The pre- and post-treatment assessment included many physical
aspects of human body such as neurological evaluation, voice acoustic analysis and
respiratory function evaluation. The results show that there are significant improvements
of functional residual capacity (FRC%), maximum inspiratory pressure(MIP), maximum
expiratory pressure(MEP) and maximum duration of sustained vowel phonation(MDPh)
of those patients. In this case, the research indicates that choral singing is a possible way
to directly improve human physical health as a treatment.
3. Statistical study
Statistical study also shows the perceived benefits of choral singing. This type of
study is usually conducted by an organization that sent a survey to hundreds of
participants. Overall, the team read four papers using this type of researches.
The research, Choral Singing and Psychological Wellbeing, surveyed over six
hundreds choral singers drawn from English choirs. They completed the WHOQOL-
BREF (the short form of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire) to
measure physical, psychological, social, and environmental wellbeing. The questionnaire
surveyed four dimensions of life quality: physical (e.g. How much do you need medical
treatment to function in your daily life?), psychological (e.g. How much do you enjoy
life?), social (e.g. How satisfied are you with the support you get from your friends?), and
environmental (e.g. How satisfied are you with the conditions of your living place?), with
high levels of reliability and validity. Based on the results from the research, it was found
that high average scores were found a high degree of consensus emerged on the positive
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benefits of choral singing. Another major find is that women who perceived positive
effects of singing more strongly than men.
In 2002, due to concerns of the previous study, the Research Centre for Arts and
Health conducted the same survey to more than one thousand choral singers in Australia,
England and Germany. The findings from the WHOQOL-BREF also demonstrate that a
large majority of singers rate their quality of life as good or better. The results confirm
previous findings from Clift and Hancox (2001) that a majority of choristers experience
singing as beneficial for wellbeing.
With respect to positive benefits identified by choral singers, four areas stand out
most clearly: the effects on breathing and lung function; posture and body control;
relaxation and stress relief and physical activity and energy. Analysis of choral singers’
answers has helped to suggest some of the hypothetical mechanisms at work that link the
activity of singing to aspects of physical health. From the research, they found that choral
singing is associated with strong immediate well-being effects. Positive emotional states
increased and negative emotional states decreased significantly. These results confirmed
previous studies on wellbeing benefits from choral singing.
The last research paper read by the team is that How Children, Adults, and
Communities Benefit from Choruses conducted by Chorus America. Based on their
research, chorus participation appears to make singers better team players, and chorus
members also volunteer more frequently than the general public. Moreover, children who
sing in choruses obtain significantly better grades in school than children who have never
been part of a chorus. Parents credit chorus participation for these qualities in their
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children, because they report that their child has many other qualities conducive to
learning and development than parents of children who don’t sing.
Although the team was only able to select limited research for this paper, there are
some similar statistical studies conducted by different organizations worldwide. The
common element is that wellbeing benefits from choral singing. From our the thorough
background research from these three aspects, there is solid research for our project
which will help prepare the team’s survey and clarify the goal of this paper.
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Methodology
1. Decision of the project
The Jazz History Database and Research project about choral singing & human
health with which our team started. The first research objective was to determine if the
project was a viable project to research and to make a decision about the final project.
Two of the team members started to research the jazz history database by
collecting materials such as news, published articles and research reports in the school
library and on the Internet. The group found one book, seven news articles and fourteen
research publications that related to the project. After several weeks of researching the
Jazz History Database, the team concluded that this project had limited potential
development. There was not enough research to support the team’s interests in the Jazz
History Database research. The group found that this database had already been fully
developed. For the Jazz History Database itself, there is already a complete system of
obtaining information and collecting data. It only needs people to operate, which is not
the original goal of this project.
The other member of the team did the research for Choral Singing & Human
Health by locating five articles and three research publications, founding that most
research in this area is still in theory. Though many people think that choral singing
intuitively benefits one both mentally and physically, since singing makes people feel
good, there is not enough experimental data to prove it. Comparing to the Jazz History
Database project and project of Choral Singing & Human Health, the team decided to
start research on Choral Singing & Human Health, since it had more unknowns to
explore, which means it has greater research value.
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2. Archival Research
After it decided to work on the Choral Singing and Human Health project, the
group started the archival research to discover more information about the project topic.
To find professional publications, the team used the WPI library website and Google
scholar to search the research publications by searching keywords, for example: choral
singing benefits, choral physical health, and choral singing human. In the end, nineteen
academic research publications about choral singing benefits related to human health
were found. Those research papers helped the group to learn about previous academic
accomplishments and understand the background knowledge of this field.
To select useful papers for the project from those found publications, the group
categorized these papers in three types: choral singing for mental health benefits, physical
health benefits, and statistical research. Seven research papers about choral singing
related to mental health, seven papers about choral singing related to physical health, and
five papers about the statistical study of choral singing and human health were found.
Secondly, each of the team members started to read the papers from one of each
category, and screened out the irrelevant papers to the project. The standard we applied
for choosing papers was whether the research included the survey or scientific data
needed for this project. If any one of the conditions were met, the paper would be
selected; purely theoretical analysis publications were immediately removed. Finally, two
papers were selected from each type to enable us to study the background knowledge of
the project and develop our future work for the project.
In the end of the archival research, the conclusion was that choral singing
promotes positive physical condition for physical health, and positive emotional states for
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mental health. In addition, statistical studies also prove that choral singing benefits
human health. These three key points from these publications helped the team to design
the next stage, questionnaire, for the project.
3. Questionnaire Design
After finishing the archival research, the group designed the questionnaire, which
would show how choral singing benefits singers both mentally and physically. The group
designed a survey to use with the WPI Festival chorus, with the intent to design a
questionnaire that contained a degree of certainty and specificity needed for the samples.
To make an effective and objective survey, the team had to choose the
appropriate object of the survey. By suggestion, members of WPI Festival chorus were
selected as respondents of the questionnaire, who have twice weekly rehearsals. WPI is
an engineering college, which do not have music major. Students in the chorus are graded
by attendance. There is no such competitive pressure of WPI Festival Chorus as those
students who taking chorus as a career. So, this characteristic of the sample will
guarantee the effectiveness of the survey. The first step was to decide the type and
number of questions in the survey. People want to finish the survey as quickly and easily
as possible. The group simplified the survey, so that it only had nine multiple-choice
questions. The next step was to design the survey questions, to insure the effectiveness
and objectiveness of the survey.
The questionnaire has four parts with nine questions in the survey. The first
question determined the gender of the test subjects for more completed statistical analysis.
The second question (e.g. Are you taking choral singing for credit?) determined if people
were willing to participate in choral singing without any academic motivation. The third
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question (e.g. Do you have any health conditions that affect your singing?) identified the
health conditions of the test subjects.
In order to assess the feasibility of a potential experiment, which would propose
to test the relationship between choral singing and physical health among these specific
test objects, we designed questions four (e.g. If you are enrolled in a choral program
for academic credit, would you consider participating in an academic research project in any
given term?) and five (e.g. If you are enrolled in a choral program for academic credit, would
you consent to a blood sample (pin-prick) taken before and after rehearsals in any given term?).
The purpose of questions six (e.g. After rehearsal, do you feel better physically?) and seven
(e.g. After performing in a concert, do you feel better physically?) was to collect data on the
relationship that students felt between choral singing and their health. Questions eight
(e.g. Do you think choral singing improves your academic ability?) and nine (e.g. Do you think
that participating in the choral singing program at WPI helps you to release academic pressure?)
asked if singer perceived that choral singing can help students with academic life.
The result should provide a general understanding of the relationship between human
health and choral singing. The questionnaire was designed and published on “Qualtrics”.
It was given out through group email to WPI Festival Chorus members at Dec 10th 2014.
Most students responded immediately, and some of them finished the survey a few days
later. The total responds are forty-nine students. Most of the surveys were finished within
one minute. For further research could be done by designing experimental studies to
discover the impact of choral singing to human health based on the results from the
survey. In the future, a comparative survey such as taking samples of conservatory
students could also be done to draw a more complementary conclusion.
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Results
The questionnaire was designed and published on “Qualtrics”. It was given out
through group Email at Dec 10th 2014. Most students responded immediately, and others
finished the survey a few days later. The total responds are forty-nine students. Most of
the surveys were finished within one minute.
The team designed the survey to obtain information of WPI chorus. The first three
questions are to determine the test populations' background. As the tables and graphs
showing, there are nineteen males and twenty females participating in the survey.
Twenty-six people are taking the choral singing for credit and twenty-five people do not.
And eight people have health conditions that affect their singing. Forty-one people do not
have any problems, which affect their singing. The test data shows the overall picture of
our test population.
Figure 1: Gender
Table 1: Gender
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Figure 2: Taking for credits or not
Table 2: Taking for credits or not
Figure 3: Have health conditions affect singing or not
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Table 3: Have health conditions affect singing or not
Table 4, Figure4, Table 5 and Figure 5 shows the results of problem "If you are
enrolled in a choral program for academic credit, would you consider participating in an
academic research project in any given term?" and " If you are enrolled in a choral
program for academic credit, would you consent to a blood sample (pin-prick) taken
before and after rehearsals in any given term? " From the data, the team could obtain
results that thirty-four people agree to participate in research project. The number of
people agrees with blood taken is twenty-eight. The percentage of students who agree
with participating in the academic research is 73.19%. And the percentage of students
who agree with participating in the blood sample taken is 60.87%. Which the samples are
large enough that there could be a further experiment to test blood before and after
rehearsal to check if there are any indicators that are different to check if rehearsal
actually has effects to human physical health. Also the number of students who agreed
decreased. It may be for the reason that students regard blood taken as an invasion
of privacy. There could be an alternative test such as saliva test, which may apply to more
students.
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Figure 4: If you are enrolled in a choral program for academic credit, would you
consider participating in an academic research project in any given term?
Table 4: If you are enrolled in a choral program for academic credit, would you
consider participating in an academic research project in any given term?
Figure 5: If you are enrolled in a choral program for academic credit, would you consent
to a blood sample (pin-prick) taken before and after rehearsals in any given term?
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Table 5: If you are enrolled in a choral program for academic credit, would you consent
to a blood sample (pin-prick) taken before and after rehearsals in any given term?
Table 6, Figure 6, Table 7 and Figure 7 are the result of questions "After
performing in a concert, do you feel better physically" and "After performing in a concert,
do you feel better physically?". The results show that all students do not get negative
feelings after rehearsal. Eight students feel much better. Twenty-seven students feel
better and fourteen feel about the same. It could be possible to conclude that in the point
view of students who participate in choral singing feels choral singing have positive
effects on their physical health. After performing in a concert, five students feel much
better, twenty-eight feels better and eleven students feel about the constant, five students
feel worse. Comparing with the results of table 6, there are around five students shifted
from much better to worse. Which may caused by the high pressure of performing in
concert. Since this is a survey, it is not clear that whether students feel that choral singing
have positive effects on their physical health because they actually feel good or they feel
good mentally so that makes them thinking choral singing has decisive effects physically.
It still needs some experimental data to prove it.
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Figure 6: After rehearsal, do you feel better physically?
Table 6: After rehearsal, do you feel better physically?
Figure 7: After performing in a concert, do you feel better physically?
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Table 7: After performing in a concert, do you feel better physically?
Table 8, Figure 8, Table 9 and Figure 9 are the results for questions " Do you
think choral singing improves your academic ability?" and " Do you think that
participating in the choral singing program at WPI helps you to release academic
pressure?" There are five students think participating choral singing does not help with
improving academic ability and three students think participating choral singing does not
help with releasing academic ability. 24.49% students think that choral singing helps
them with academic ability a lot. 59.18% students think that choral singing helps
releasing their academic pressure a lot. The result shows choral singing can help most
students to release their pressures. And most students think choral singing has some
benefits to their academic life.
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Figure 8: Do you think choral singing improves your academic ability?
Table 8: Do you think choral singing improves your academic ability?
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Figure 9: Do you think that participating in the choral singing program at WPI helps you
to release academic pressure?
Table 9: Do you think that participating in the choral singing program at WPI helps you
to release academic pressure?
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Conclusion
In this project, the group conducted analysis of 19 papers regarding the effects of
choral singing on mental health, physical health and human health. The group concluded
that choral singing was beneficial for both mental and physical health, which was also
supported by the results from the questionnaire. The group also made a conclusion from
the questionnaire that even in WPI, an engineering school with less humanity aspect, half
of the students took choral singing without credits needs. This conclusion also supported
that students were able to benefit from choral singing and choral students were willing to
participate researches. On the other side, most students felt better physically after
rehearsals, which indicated choral singing had positive effects on students in academic
life.
Further research could be done by designing experimental studies to discover the
impact of choral singing to human health based on the results from the survey. In the
future, a comparative survey such as taking samples of conservatory students could also
be done to draw a more complementary conclusion.
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Appendix A – Survey
1. What is your gender? # Answer
Response % 1 Male
19 39%
2 Female
30 61%
Total 49 100%
2. Are you taking choral singing for credit? # Answer
Response % 1 Yes
26 53%
2 No
23 47%
Total 49 100%
3. Do you have any health conditions that affect your singing? # Answer
Response % 1 Yes
8 16%
2 No
41 84%
Total 49 100%
4. If you are enrolled in a choral program for academic credit, would you consider participating in an academic research project in any given term?
# Answer
Response % 1 Yes
34 74%
2 No
12 26%
Total 46 100%
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5. If you are enrolled in a choral program for academic credit, would you consent to a blood sample (pin-prick) taken before and after rehearsals in any given term?
# Answer
Response % 1 Yes
28 61%
2 No
18 39%
Total 46 100%
6. After rehearsal, do you feel better physically? # Answer
Response % 1 Much Worse
0 0%
2 Worse
0 0%
3 About the Same
14 29%
4 Better
27 55%
5 Much Better
8 16%
Total 49 100%
7. After performing in a concert, do you feel better physically?
# Answer
Response % 1 Much Worse
0 0%
2 Worse
5 10%
3 About the Same
11 22%
4 Better
28 57%
5 Much Better
5 10%
Total 49 100%
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8. Do you think choral singing improves your academic ability?
# Answer
Response % 1 None
5 10%
2 Little
12 24%
3 Some
20 41%
4 A Lot
12 24%
Total 49 100%
9. Do you think that participating in the choral singing program at WPI helps you to release academic pressure?
# Answer
Response % 1 None
3 6%
2 Little
7 14%
3 Some
10 20%
4 A Lot
29 59%
Total 49 100%
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Appendix B - Choral Singing & Human Health Reference
Tonneijck, H., Kinébanian, A., & Josephsson, S. (n.d.). An exploration of choir singing:
Achieving wholeness through challenge. Journal of Occupational Science, 173-180.
This qualitative study explored the experience of choir singing as an example of a leisure occupation. Cohen, M. (2009). Choral Singing and Prison Inmates: Influences of Performing in a Prison Choir. Journal of Correctional Education, 60(1), 52-65. The purpose of these two experiments was to compare well-being measurements between a group of prison inmates singing in a choir and prison inmates not singing in a choir. Beck, R., Cesario, T., Yousefi, A., & Enamoto, H. (n.d.). Choral Singing, Performance Perception, and Immune System Changes in Salivary Immunoglobulin A and Cortisol. Music Perception: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 87-106. the purpose of this study was to determine whether choral singing is associated with physiological changes in the immune system. Clift, S., Hancox, G., Morrison, I., Hess, B., Kreutz, G., & Stewart, D. (2007). Choral singing and psychological wellbeing: Findings from English choirs in a crossnational survey using the WHOQOL-BREF. The present paper reports some preliminary findings from the English arm of the study. Clift, S., Hancox, G., Morrison, I., Hess, B., Kreutz, G., & Stewart, D. (n.d.). Choral singing and psychological wellbeing: Quantitative and qualitative findings from English choirs in a cross-national survey. Journal of Applied Arts and Health, 19-34. Recent qualitative studies on the benefits of community singing have shown that diverse samples of singers report a range of social, psychological, and health benefits associated with singing. Kreutz, G., Bongard, S., Rohrmann, S., Hodapp, V., & Grebe, D. (2004). Effects Of Choir Singing Or Listening On Secretory Immunoglobulin A, Cortisol, And Emotional State. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 27(6), 623-635. The present study investigates the effects of choir music on secretory immunoglobulinA(S-IgA), cortisol, and emotional states in members of a mixed amateur choir. Sandgren, M. (n.d.). Evidence for Strong Immediate Well-being Effects of Choral Singing – With More Enjoyment for Women than for Men. Choral singing as a leisure activity is associated with increasedwell-being effects. America, C. (n.d.). How Children, Adults, and Communities Benefit from Choruses The Chorus Impact Study.
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The study was conducted by Grunwald Associates LLC (Bethesda, MD), who examined the attitudes, opinions, and activities of more than 2,000 singers in choruses of all kinds, 500 members of the general public, 500 parents, and 300 K-12 educators from throughout the United States using online surveys. Dingle, G., Brander, C., Ballantyne, J., & Baker, F. (n.d.). 'To be heard': The social and mental health benefits of choir singing for disadvantaged adults. Psychology of Music, 405-421. The aim of this study was to explore the personal experiences of choir members (89% of whom experienced chronic mental health problems, 28% physical disabilities and 11% intellectual disability) in relation to their wellbeing using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Clift, S., Hancox, G., Morrison, I., Hess, B., Kreutz, G., & Stewart, D. (n.d.). Choral singing and psychological wellbeing: Quantitative and qualitative findings from English choirs in a cross-national survey. Journal of Applied Arts and Health, 19-34. Over 600 choral singers drawn from English choirs completed the WHOQOLBREF questionnaire to measure physical, psychological, social and environmental wellbeing, and a twelve-item ‘wellbeing and choral singing scale’. Horn, S. (n.d.). Singing Changes Your Brain. When you sing, musical vibrations move through you, altering your physical and emotional landscape. Gridley, H., Astbury, J., Sharples, J., & Aguirre, C. (n.d.). Benefits of group singing for community mental health and wellbeing Survey and literature review. The aim of the VicHealth-funded project presented here was to explore the mental and social health benefits of singing in groups for both the individual singers and for the community. Skingley, A., Page, S., Clift, S., Morrison, I., Coulton, S., Treadwell, P., ... Shipton, M. (2013). “Singing for Breathing”: Participants' perceptions of a group singing programme for people with COPD. Arts & Health, 1-16. The guide draws upon the experience of COPD patients in a number of well-established community singing for COPD groups as well as musicians with considerable experience of running such groups. Vella-Burrows, T. (n.d.). Singing, Wellbeing and Health: Context, evidence and practice Singing and people with Dementia. This guide provides an overview of the evidence that group singing can be beneficial for people living with dementia. It also gives examples of setting up singing groups for people living in the community who are affected by dementia.
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T., V., & Hancox, G. (n.d.). Singing, Wellbeing and Health: Context, evidence and practice Singing and people with Parkinson’s. This guide provides an overview of the evidence that group singing can be beneficial for people living with Parkinson’s. Morrison, I., & Clift, S. (n.d.). Singing, Wellbeing and Health: Context, evidence and practice Singing and Mental Health. This guide provides an overview of the evidence that group singing can be beneficial for mental health and wellbeing. Clift, S., & Hancox, G. (n.d.). The Perceived Benefits Of Singing: Findings From Preliminary Surveys Of A University College Choral Society. The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, 248-256. P. DI BENEDETTO , M. CAVAZZON, F. MONDOLO, G. RUGIU, A. PERATONER, E. BIASUTTI. Voice and choral singing treatment: a new approach for speech and voice disorders in Parkinson’s disease The aim of this study was to propose a new voice rehabilitation program for Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients based on voice and choral singing treatment (VCST).
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