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Collective Identity and
RepresentationEssay review
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LO
To improve essay writing skillsthrough:
Defining focus of your essay writing
Research and note taking
Planning of structure and paragraphs
Consistent use of PEEL
Developing arguments and explanations
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Homework
Due Monday
Essay (minimum 1000 words)
With reference to any group you havestudied discuss how their identity hasbeen mediated.
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Mediated
Discuss in pairs what is meant by thisterm.
Define
Give and example
Explain
Write it all down
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Representation Terminology
Dominant
Alternative
Redundant
Absent Entropic
Discuss what might be the meanings forthese terms with regard torepresentations of a particular group.
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Dominant Representations
The main way in which a group areseen in society
Main issues around this: Who creates this representation?
What efect does this representation haveon society/the group/individuals?
Who benefits from it? Who sufers by it? How true is this representation?
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Alternative
A diferent way to show a group
A diferent interpretation of the groupsrepresentation which challenges thedominant Who creates the alternative
representation?
Who benefits from it and who doesnt?
Find an example of an alternativerepresentation and explain why it is
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Redundant
When a group is shown so often in thesame way that the image no longer hasany power
Can any representations be redundant?
If so give an example and explain.
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Absent
When a group is not really representedin society.
Can you find an example of a group which
is seldom or never represented in themedia?
What is the efect of absent
representation?
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Entropic
When there is a very challenging,controversial or unusual representationof a group.
How do we find out about suchrepresentations?
What is there efect on subsequentrepresentations?
How does the media respond to suchrepresentations?
Try to find an example and explain its
ef
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Black Representation
Hollywood Shue
Watch clip
What issue regarding representation isbeing made?
Why is this important?
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Stuart Hall
Stuart Hall
Interrogating the image Active not passive
Challenging NOT accepting
Marxism
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Text 1
Interrogate the text:
Narrative
Images mise en scene
Sound, dialogue, editing
Example
Attack The Block
Make notes during the viewing
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http://youtu.be/XGFq-j9N6Qchttp://youtu.be/XGFq-j9N6Qchttp://youtu.be/XGFq-j9N6Qc7/29/2019 Collective Identity and Representation
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Type of Representation
Dominant
Alternative
Redundant
Absent
Entropic
Which applies to the trailer?
Explain why
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Reference texts
Make a list of texts you could use toexplore representation of young blackmen either Hollywood or non-
Hollywood, cinema, TV, games,advertising, print or moving image.
You will need at least 8 texts for thisexercise from at least 2 media forms(eg. TV, cinema, advertising)
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Suggestions
Crash (2004) Malcolm X (1992) Independence Day (1996) Blacula (1972) Django Unchained (2012) 50 Cent Reebok Advert (2006) Old Spice adverts (2009) Gillette Champions TV advert (2006) Bamboozled (2001) Kidulthood (2006) Black Mirror Ep2 (2013 Channel 4)
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Theory
What theories could you use to discussrepresentations?
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Marxism
Classical Marxist theory
The media reinforces the ideologicalmessages of those in power.
Owners of media use their control overcultural production to maintain the statusquo.
Hegemony (Gramsci)
In order to maintain control and socialorder, the ruling elite ensure that evenminor sectors of society feelrepresented.
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Pluralism
The consumer or audience is moreimportant than the producer in acapitalist society.
Acceptance of bias and control BUTaudiences ability to consume media isconsidered more important.
Audience active in the making ofmeaning and decisions over theinterpretation of the representation.
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Postmodernism
Audiences are consumers and definethemselves through the products theyconsume.
Images dominate reality consumptionof media products for their own sake
Inter-textuality and surface reality
the references to other texts within atext points to the unreality of the formitself
Youtube allows everyone to be a
producer22Thursday, 28 February 2013
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Stereotyping
Richard Dyer describing WalterLippmans 1922 definintion
1. An ordering process
2. A short cut
3. A way of referring to the world
4. An expression of our beliefs andvalues
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Focus
Focus on one area of representation only. Nationality Race Gender Sexuality Disability/ability
Refine this through your choices of textand focus ie young black British men,white working class teenage girls,disabled sports people, British Upper classetc.
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Planning
Structure for the essay:
Plan a 3 part essay with 6 paragraphsincluding introduction and conclusion
Define each paragraph with a topicsentence which identifies the purpose ofthe paragraph
List the texts you will use for eachparagraph
List the points you will be making
List the terminology which you will use
List theories and theorists you will use25Thursday, 28 February 2013