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Welcome
National Archives and Records Administration offers today’s lecture through the
Know Your Records Program
Program begins at 2 p.m. EST March 11, 2020
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NATIONAL ARCHIVES and RECORDS ADMINISTRATION
Join the conversation!
Participate during the live event.
Online Audience On-site Audience Log into YouTube and During the question
type your questions and answer time, and comments into please use aisle
the live chat. microphones.
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About the National Archives
The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is the nation's record keeper. Of all documents and materials created in the course of business conducted by the United States Federal government, only 1%-3% are so important for legal or historical reasons that they are kept by us forever.
Those valuable records are preserved and are available to you, whether you want to see if they contain clues about your family’s history, need to prove a veteran’s military service, or are researching an historical topic that interests you.
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NATIONAL ARCHIVES and RECORDS ADMINISTRATION
About the Know Your Records Program
THE KNOW YOUR RECORDS PROGRAM provides information on how to access and do research using U.S. Federal Government records held at the National Archives and Records Administration.
View previous lectures on video at www.archives.gov/calendar/know-your-records
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World War II Code Girls: What’s in a Name?
Women during World War II were filling new roles such as Cryptographers or “Code Girls.” These positions were in many branches of the military as well as Federal agencies. Due to varied types of service and last name, locating the "Code Girl" personnel records presents a unique challenge. Reference
Archives Specialist Cara Moore Lebonick, takes you through the process of tracking down “Code Girl” personnel records at the National Archives at St. Louis and deciphering what they can reveal!
Ms. Lebonick will broadcast in remotely via video from her
workplace in St. Louis.
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Presenter’s Biography
Cara Moore Lebonick
Cara Moore Lebonick is currently a Reference Archives Specialist for the National Archives and has worked with us since 2013. She searches and provides access to individual personnel records of former military and civil servants of the Federal government. Before coming to the National Archives, Cara has worked in a variety of museums and positions. She is also an American Studies Ph.D. student at Saint Louis University studying community building in St. Louis during the New Deal, where she has a Master of Arts in the same field. She has additional degrees from Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville including: a Bachelor's Degree in History; a Master's Degree in History; and a Post baccalaureate in Museum Studies.
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Code Girls: What’s in a name?
Cara Moore Lebonick A female code breaker and member of the WAVES (Women National Archives at St. Louis Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service) program operated a Naval Security Station cryptanalytic machine to help decode Archives Reference Specialist enemy communications during WWII. (National Archives, RG 457)
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rlARllUlG: You are warned not to discuss an:r aotivi.tie1 or ~ovemants o~ locations or v•ss8la; nol" to participate ·11 ,1 press couforC'lce or tali o reporter:s or over the rudio exoeij after conaultation •1. th and clear-ance of' a111t.1o0,t._W!_' e,i:obl'. aL ,»'q~ _rya~t_ons officer of' the liaT7 l'Lll:A TIU t K t;A VE OF ABSENCE ol" Coast Guard.
RESEARCH S ERVI CES
Code Girls: What’s in a name? Code Girls: What’s in a name?
Code Girls: Popular Research and Genealogical Subject
“Code Girls” is a somewhat vague descriptor for the various titles and types of employment held by these women. Liza Mundy details many of these variations in her book Code Girls, The Untold Story of the American Women Code Breakers of World War II. These variations are well-known by the National Archives at St. Louis staff.
On March 22, 2019, the Library of Congress Veterans History Project hosted five “Code Girls” in a ceremony at their facility.
There have been several other commemorations in recent years about these women who worked diligently to interpret enemy messages. These have lead to an increase in reference requests for “code girl” personnel records and have forced our staff to become intimately knowledgeable on how to find them.
A notice against speaking about job specifics when on leave. (National Archives, RG 64)
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NAT I ONA L AR.C H I VES· R.ES EAR.C H S E R.V I C E S
Code Girls: What’s in a name?
Code Girls were employed by a number of different federal agencies and served multiple branches in a military capacity.
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RESEARCH SE RVI CES
Notes of a Name Change
Code Girls: What’s in a name?
A woman’s name change, due to marriage, can make locating a code girl record more difficult.
RG 146, Dept. of
RG 146, Department of the Army/Air Force the Navy
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(Photo courtesy of Kaylah Jackson)
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Example . . . “S. Virginia Dalton”
The Library of Congress Code Girl ceremony write-up included their pictures and scrapbooks. Our staff was able to find one Official Personnel Folder (OPF) -- after following a trail with several twists and turns.
Code Girls: What’s in a name?
RG 146, Dept. of
the Army/Air
Force
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“S. Virginia Dalton”
RG 146, Dept. of the Army/Air Force
Code Girls: What’s in a name?
We began with the employing agency, “War Department”, and her known name at the time of service, Ms. S. Virginia Dalton -- due to the SF50 (pictured left).
However, Dalton married during her time as a federal employee and there was no information in place for a “Ms. S. Virginia Dalton” other than a cross reference that led to Mrs. Virginia D. Yerby!
Staff located the full OPF, but under her married name. We have great scans from Dalton’s record, including her service award letter and application.
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Code Girls: What’s in a name?
Excerpts from Lt. Edythe McDowell’s Coast Guard OMPF
Some code girls worked on the decoding machines and served in the military.
RG 64, U.S. Coast Guard
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Because of t.he increase in the, use of pu.nc.'\ed- ca:rd tabul.at.Jng :m.('LChineo by "the Cryptana1ytic Secti.on of Coinw:ucations it has beCO!lle ne ce-ssar:, to p:rovi~ for an ±ncre~ in ma.chine operator p~$onnel for that Section and to place the sup erv.1.si.on of machine operat;Lons, Wleler the direction of SP experienced person. _'
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Multiple Military Files
Those who served in military branches had less direct titles, as they held rates or rank, as Ensigns and Officers, with speciality duties.
Engsigns who showed an aptitude for code breaking could move up, but first after succeeding in specialized training and sought out.
Code Girls: What’s in a name?
RG 64, U.S. Coast
Guard
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Valuable Skills
These records corroborate Mundy’s claim -- that these women were commonly picked up from colleges and universities for their technical and language skills.
Code Girls: What’s in a name?
RG 64, U.S. Coast Guard RG 24, U.S. Navy RG 26, U.S. Coast Guard
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Subj : , SuzArute H. , - Enlist~nt in the \'/o,\,sn •o Rc;r:;crv", '11-9 Pro:;ram, ,-,;quest !or.
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R ESEARC H SERV I CES
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Women like Suzanne Harpole Embree excelled quickly despite no previous experience in cryptography.
RG 24, U.S. Navy
Code Girls: What’s in a name?
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Post War
Post war, some women held on to their specialized positions, though it was more rare.
Code Girls: What’s in a name?
RG 146, Dept. of the Army/Air
Foce
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NATIONAL ARCH I VES
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All Black Group of Code Girls
William D. Coffee headed an all black group of female cryptographers. One of them was Ethel Just, whose Efficiency Rating is pictured.
Like many civilian employee records, it is difficult to track down these individuals. This is due to no longer existing roster or administrative listing that survived the record schedule to destroy them.
Code Girls: What’s in a name?
RG 146, Dept. of the
Army/Air Foce
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" l.i:i.hed t.o....,. •orl.d l&rII • •---• _ ,.. ..... ,. fioto17 1.1~ &ad the Aaitricaa -.... --. ,..,, U,1\ Co-..ndotion hibbon.
20 M11rcb 1946
To I.leutco-.rit (Jg) &uz flnn• H. H~le, U.S. 11.R., ·••el ~Mlcll.1:lnn• AMU, ln7 Deparbenl., Washlngton, D.C. .....
8'J~J: fiavy Unh. C~•31!..ltlon, Aw:at"4 or.
1. Th• vt'ltted Stst .. If.an t C:0-lcat.lon Int,lll1er11:e CraanluUo.-, hi• bHn aN.rded the tr:1vy Cnh. ~:r.¢ation tor 1ervtce d 'J.rt:ig I.he l)41r~od? Dte~ber 1941 to 2 _~pte::JMr 19'1~. 17 'f'lrV.1• or 70-.ir Hr• vie• in t.hit unit 01.1nr..g th1• pt,rlOI!, y,c,1,1 •r• ti.retq aut.borlud t.O ,rur Uw, }f,1v7 Unh Colrm.• :id&Lio:i Rib~ tr•~-I LUd h•r .. lt.b,
l. Thie aut.horiu~ion bu ti.en .ad•• put. or )'our orrtclll ~cord in t.t-A Bun._u or i:ravd !'er•onntl. U. 1• direct.cs t..-.,,._t., baoaua• or tb.o r,t,.t.lU'"• of t.M urvku perfoni.d ty tMe unit., no publicity t,ci j1Vt l'l t.~ l,'CIU'I' r,c,!p~ of thh •nrd.
!I)' direct.Ion or tbe Chlor or :'fav&l Ptr•orui.J.
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NAT I ONAL ARCH I VES RE SEARC H
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S ERVI CES
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Both civilian federal and military service were rewarded for their actions
Code Girls: What’s in a name?
RG 146, Dept. of the Army/Air Foce
RG 24, U.S. Navy
19
(UI ~~- .
~~~-j~4~ NATIONAL ARCHIVES Research Services
NATIONAL ARCHIVES· RESEARCH SERV I CES
Code Girls: What’s in a name? Requesting these records:
OMPF- SF180 submitted via postal mail or through eVetRecs
OPF-Please provide name, maiden name as applicable, date of birth, employing agency, or best guess, as well as location of employment to:
[email protected] or National Archives Archival Department 1 Archives Dr. St. Louis, MO 63138
If you believe federal service may have gone beyond 1952, please submit your request in writing with a signature to:
National Personnel Record Center Civilian Personnel Records Annex 1411 Boulder Blvd Valmeyer, IL 62295
20
(UI ~~- .
~~~-j~4~ NATIONAL ARCHIVES Research Services
Code Girls: What’s in a name?
Questions?
Cara Moore Lebonick
21
KNOW YOUR RECORDS ,,
NATIONAL ARCHIVES and RECORDS ADMINISTRATION
After the live broadcast . . .
Email questions to [email protected]
Video recording of the lecture will remain online at
www.archives.gov/calendar/know-your-records
KNOW YOUR RECORDS ,,
NATIONAL ARCHIVES and RECORDS ADMINISTRATION
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