Some Cloud Computing Use Cases, An Overview of Some Cloud Computing
Standards Organizations, and a Bonus Slide.
Robert Grossmanblog.rgrossman.com
Open Cloud Consortium
September 3, 2009Revised October 9, 2009
Outline
1. Some definitions & some high level use cases2. Some current standards efforts3. More use cases (community use case
document)4. De Facto Standards
If you think of standardization as the best that you know today, but which is to be improved
tomorrow; you get somewhere. Henry Ford.
Ford assembly plant for Model T at Highland Plant Park around 1915.
Sometimes there are reasons for a lack of interoperability…
4
Change of gauge at Ussuriisk (near Vladivostok) at the Chinese –Russian border
Train gauge in China is 1435 mm
Train gauge in Russia is 1520 mm
Standalone cloud
Cloud 1 Cloud 2
enterprise
Extended enterprise cloud
Cloud 1
Cloud 3
Cloud 2
Intercloud
Cloud
Part 1Some Definitions and Two Use Cases
First Two Use Cases
1. Moving an existing cloud application from Cloud 1 to Cloud 2 without changing the application.
2. Providing surge capacity for an application on Cloud 1 using any of the Clouds 2, 3, … (without changing the application).
Cloud 1 Cloud 2
1. Migrate / port2. Surge / burst
Portability
Portability– The ease with which a system, component,
application or data can be transferred from one hardware or software environment to another.
Cloud 1 Cloud 2
Migration
Migration– Moving a virtual machine (VM) between physical hosts within a network or
virtual network with only a very short pause in execution (c. 50 – 500 ms).– More generally, moving a VM between clouds with only a very short pause
in execution.– More generally, moving a virtual application, virtual network, etc. to a
different physical infrastructure with only a very short pause in execution.
Cloud 1 Cloud 2
Interoperability
Interoperability– The ability of two or more systems, applications, or
components to exchange and use information.– The ability of systems to provide and receive services
from other systems and to use the services so interchanged to enable them to operate effectively together.
Source: Adopted from the Open Group Architecture Framework (www.opengroup.org )
Cloud 1 Cloud 2
Open Systems
A system that implements sufficient open specifications for interfaces, services, and supporting formats to enable properly engineered Application Software:– To be ported with minimal changes across a wide
range of systems– To interoperate with other applications on local and
remote systems– To interact with users in a style that facilitates user
portabilitySource: The Open Group Architecture Framework (www.opengroup.org )
NIST Definition
Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. Source: http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/cloud-computing/index.html
Delivery & Deployment Models
Three delivery models:– Software as a Service– Platform as a Service– Infrastructure as a Service
Deployment models– Public Clouds– Private Clouds– Community Clouds– Hybrid Clouds
Source: http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/cloud-computing/index.html
What Are the Layers?
Infrastructure as a Service– Virtual Data Centers (VDC)– Virtual Networks (VN)– Virtual Machines (VM)
Platform as a Service– Cloud Compute Services– Data/Table Cloud Services– Cloud Storage Services
Part 2.There Lots of Cloud Standards
Where are the Standards Targeted?
Infrastructure as a Service– Virtual Data Centers (VDC)– Virtual Networks (VN)– Virtual Machines (VM)
Platform as a Service– Cloud Compute Services– Data/Table Cloud Services– Cloud Storage Services
Open Virtualization Format (OVF)
Open Cloud Computing Interface (OCCI)
SNIA Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI)
Large Data Cloud Interoperability Framework
IF-MAP based dynamic infrastructure service linking IaaS and DaaS
Corporate Standards• VMware’s vCloud API Programming Guide vCloud API Version 0.8 (IaaS)• Amazon Web Services (AWS) (IaaS)• Google App Engine (PaaS)• Microsoft Azure Platform (PaaS)• Citrix (IaaS)
Source: http://cloud-standards.org
Cloud Standards Group (5 of 9)
Wiki at cloud-standards.org Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF)
– Portability for virtual machine images Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA)
– Cloud data management interface Open Grid Forum (OGF)
– Provisioning and monitoring of IaaS Open Cloud Consortium (OCC)
– Large data clouds, information sharing between clouds Cloud Security Alliance (CSA)
– Best practices for providing security within a cloudSource: http://cloud-standards.org
Good (Partial) Summary of Efforts
Presentations available from NIST, DMTF, SNIA, OGF, OCC, and others at
http://www.omg.org/news/meetings/GOV-WS/css/css.htm
Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF)
Over 20 vendors including: Citrix, Dell, HP, IBM, Microsoft & VMware
Virtualization Management (VMAN) Forum Their multi-vendor Open Virtualization Format
(OVF) is the leading standard for portable virtual machines.
They have an incubator for cloud www.dmtf.org
DMTF Life Cycle Management for VMs
Source: DMTF Standards; A Building Block for Cloud Interoperability, Winston Bumpus President, DMTF.
Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA)
40+ active members Working on Cloud Data Management Interface Targeted at ANSI and ISO certification Starting up a Cloud Storage Initiative There is a draft of SNIA Cloud Data
Management Interface (CDMI) with reference implementation due at end of CY09
Public web page http://snia.org/cloud
SNIA Cloud Storage Containers Cloud storage container
is one of their key abstractions
Data Storage Interface (DSI_ protocols include: WebDAV, NFS, CIFS, iSCSI, OSD
Management interfaces include proprietary, Web UI, SMI-S
Source: SNIA Cloud Storage presentation at Cloud Computing Summit OMG Standards in Government and NGO Workshop
Open Grid Forum (OGF)
Open Grid Forum is leading organization creating grid standards with many members.
Many of their standards are oriented towards universities and scientific applications.
Focus is on Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) API. Goal is creation of simple RESTfull API with approximately
15 commands. Four providers and two projects to implement proposed
standard. http://www.occi-wg.org
OCCI Feature Matrix
Very nice feature matrix of 17 features and 11 vendors
OGF Open Cloud Computing Interface (OCCI)
Goal is to create RESTfull interfaces for managing IaaS. Source: Craig A. Lee, The Open Cloud Computing Interface for Interoperability
Across Clouds, July 13, 2009
Open Cloud Consortium (OCC)
501(3)(c) Not-for-profit with over 12 members, including companies, universities, FFRDCs & open source projects.
One focus area is on large data cloud services. Another focus is on bridging IaaS and PaaS standards. Operates wide area cloud testbed called the Open
Cloud Testbed. Developed a benchmark for large data clouds called
MalStone. www.opencloudconsortium.org
OCC Large Data Cloud Interoperability
OCC is releasing open source reference implementations for interoperability of large data cloud storage and compute services.
Cloud Storage Services
Cloud Compute Services (MapReduce & Generalizations)
Cloud Data Services (BigTable, etc.)
Quasi-relational Data Services
App App App App App
App App
App App
large data cloud services
Cloud Security Alliance (CSA)
20 Corporate members. CSA is an industry advocacy group, not a
standards organization. Deliverables are white papers describing best
practices and recommendations for secure clouds.
www.cloudsecurityalliance.org
CSA White Paper
Source: www.cloudsecurityalliance.org
Part 3. Some Additional Use Cases
InterCloud Naming Use Case
3. How do we name virtual machines (VM), virtual networks (VN), and virtual data centers (VDC) so that they can be accessed between clouds?
Cloud 1
Cloud 2
Cloud n
…
Source: Abstracted from some of the discussions at the First Infrastructure 2.0 Working Group Meeting.
Large Data Cloud Use Cases
4. Moving a large data cloud application from one large data cloud storage service to another.
5. Moving a large data cloud application from one large data cloud compute service to another.
Large Data Cloud Storage Services
Large Data Cloud Compute Services
App 1 App 2
Inter-Cloud Information Sharing Use Case
6. How do we share information between two clouds with security and compliance requirements (e.g. HIPAA).
Cloud 1 Cloud 2
Cloud Computing Use Case White Paper
End user to cloud Applications running on the cloud and accessed by end users
Enterprise to Cloud to end user
Applications running in the public cloud and accessed by employees and customers
Enterprise to cloud Cloud applications integrated with IT capabilities.
cloud
enterprise
Source: http://groups.google.com/group/cloud-computing-use-cases
Additional Cloud Use Cases
Enterprise to cloud to enterprise
Cloud applications running in the public cloud and interoperating with the partner apps
Changing cloud vendors An organization using cloud services decides to switch cloud providers or work with additional providers
Hybrid cloud Multiple clouds work together, coordinated by a cloud broker.
cloud 1
enterprise
cloud 2
Source: http://groups.google.com/group/cloud-computing-use-cases
Requirements Mapped to Use Cases
Source: http://groups.google.com/group/cloud-computing-use-cases
Requirements Mapped to Use Cases
Source: http://groups.google.com/group/cloud-computing-use-cases
Part 4De Facto Standards
Some of the De Facto Standards…
Mindmeister Map of Cloud Computing
Dupont’s Mindmeister Map divides the industry:– IaaS, PaaS, Management, Community
http://www.mindmeister.com/maps/show_public/15936058
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For More Information
Please see blog.rgrossman.com