CLIMATE CHANGE, NATIONAL‐LOCALCLIMATE CHANGE, NATIONAL LOCALPOLICY FRAMEWORKS AND ACTIONS
Feb. 16, 2009
Kazuhiko TAKEMOTOVice‐Minister
for Global Environmental Affairs
1
Ministry of the Environment
CONTENTS
1. Framework for Achieving a Low-Carbon Society
2. Actions to Achieve Kyoto Protocol Targets
3. Incorporation of Actions on Climate Change into Urban Structures
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1. Framework for Achieving L C b S i ta Low-Carbon Society
3
Action Plan for Achieving a Low-Carbon Society(Cabinet Decision, July 29, 2008)
○ 60~80 % Reduction from resent level by 2050○ To Announce mid-term target at appropriate timing in 2009 (by June this year)
1.Target Setting
To Announce mid term target at appropriate timing in 2009 (by June this year)
○ Technology Development: CCS
2. Technologies
○ Technology Dissemination: Solar power generation, Low-emission Vehicles, Low-energy Lamps,Energy-efficient Housing and Buildings, and 200-year Housing
○ Experimental Introduction of Domestic Market for Emissions Trading
3. Policy Instruments
○ Greening Tax System: Possible Introduction of Carbon Tax○ Visualization: Carbon Footprint and Carbon Offsetting
4. Local and Citizen’s Initiatives
○ Low carbon cities and Environmentally Sustainable Transport (EST)○ Public Participation 4
Towards a Low-Carbon Society
◆Research on Environment and Economics◆A large‐scale research on environment and economics to develop further
Policy Development
A large scale research on environment and economics to develop further effective environmental policies: Stern Report for Japan
P li I
◆Policies in Favor of Environment and Economy ◆Ex Emissions Trading System Environmental Tax Carbon Offsetting
Policy Instruments
Ex. Emissions Trading System, Environmental Tax, Carbon Offsetting, Eco‐Action Points, Green Certificates, Eco‐Business, Environmentally Sound Contracts
◆Model Cities◆Future Model Development by Implementation of Projects through
Implementation
p y p j gEnvironmental Model Cities
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2. Actions to Achieve Kyoto Protocol TargetsKyoto Protocol Targets
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions in JapanJapanese emissions for 2007(Provisional Data) were 8.7% above those of the base year, meaning reductions of 9 3% are needed to meet the 6% reduction commitment under the Kyoto Protocol
Emissions(billion tons of
1.371 billion tons <+2.3% to the previous FY>(+8.7%)
1.34 billion tons
reductions of 9.3% are needed to meet the 6% reduction commitment under the Kyoto Protocol. (Given the operating rate at nuclear power plants was 84.2%, needed emissions reduction is 4.3%)
Needs 9 3% of
1.3
(billion tons of CO2)
5.0%
1.261 billion tons
3.1%Temporary effect by shutdown of nuclear power
4.8% 2.8%2.3%
(+3.7%)
(+6.3%)
(Given the nuclear power operating rate (+3.2%
)
Needs 9.3% of emissions reduction
3
1.2
Targets:Forest sink: 3.8%Kyoto mechnisms:1.6%
Given the nuclear power operating rate was 84.2%
1.308 billion tons
<+0.5% to the previous FY>
1.254 billion tons (-0.6%)
po e ope at g atewas 84.2%)Needs 4.3% of reduction
)
2
1.
1.186 billion tons (-6%)
1
1.0
Base Year (In principle 1990)
2007Provisional
Data
Kyoto Protocol Reduction
Commitment(2008 -
FY2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 7
Units million tons of COUnits: million tons of CO2
Trends in COTrends in CO22 Emissions from Energy by Sectors and the Targets for 2010Emissions from Energy by Sectors and the Targets for 2010
500
Industrial Sector (Factories etc )
Units: million tons of CO2
1990 Change form 1990
2007(Provisional
Data)
Reduction Rate to meet
Target
Targets(*)
for 2010
400 Industrial Sector (Factories, etc.)
482 -1.3% 476 -10.1%~-11.0% 424~428
300 Transportation Sector (Vehicles, Ships, etc.)
C i l d Oth S t
217 +14.6% 249 -2.4%~-3.8% 240~243
9 8%200
Commercial and Other Sector(Office Buildings, etc.) 164 +41.7% 233 -9.8%~
-10.8% 208~210
127 +41 1% 180 -21.4%~ 138 141
100 Residential Sector
Energy Conversion Sector
127 +41.1% 180 -23.1% 138~141
68 +17.7% 80 -17.0% 66
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
8(*) As a target guide for emissions, a maximum predicted effect and a minimum predicted effect for
reduction measures have been established. Naturally, the goal is to try and achieve the maximum effect; however, even if only the minimum effect is achieved, it has been formulated so that it will at least meet Japan’s targets under the Kyoto Protocol.
Framework of the Kyoto Protocol Target Achievement Plan
Measures and Policies for Achieving Targets
1. Direct Actions(1) Measures and Policies relating to GHG Emissions Reduction[Examples of Primary Additional Measures]
Promotion of voluntary action plans
g g
Promotion of voluntary action plansIncreased energy-saving performance of houses and buildingsImprovement of energy efficiency of equipment that meets Top-runner Standards, etc.Ensuring thorough energy management at factories and offices, etc.Improvement of automobile fuel efficiencyPromotion of emissions reduction measures amongst small and medium-sized enterpriseMeasures for the agriculture, forestry and fisheries, water and sewage, traffic flow, etc.Measures for urban greening, waste, and Three Fluorinated Gases (HFCs, PFCs and SF6), etc.Promotion introduction of new energy sources
(2) Sink Measures(2) Sink MeasuresForest management such as tree thinning, promotion of the “Beautiful Forest Building National Campaign”
2. Cross-sector PoliciesSystems for Calculation, Reporting and Public Disclosure of Greenhouse Gas EmissionsD l t f ti l iDevelopment of national campaigns
Issues needing to be addressed promptlyDomestic Emissions Trading SystemEnvironment taxDeparture from late-night work and lifestylesIntroduction of daylight savings
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3. Incorporation of Actions Cli Chon Climate Change
into Urban Structuresinto Urban Structures
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To incorporate environmental dimension into urban structures
11Towards a Low-carbonSociety
To incorporate environmental dimension into urban structures
Environmentally Sound Urbanization
Nature-oriented approaches
Water frontiers
Sound environment
Human sense-oriented
Enhancing environment by public participation
11National Strategy towards Sustainable Society,
(Cabinet Decision, June 1, 2007)
○ Responsible for emission reduction from local ○Responsible for developing policies to reduce
Role of Local Governments by Climate Change Law,(2008 Amendment)
Responsible for emission reduction from local government‐owned facilities in a planned manner
Responsible for developing policies to reduce area‐wide emissions by prefectures and large cities
To formulate action plans to d i i f i i i f
○To formulate action plans to promote policies
Local Implementation Plans
reduce emissions from activities of local governments
and measures to reduce emissions in the areas; renewable energy, environmentally sound transport
○To reflect these efforts to urban planning and agriculture development planning
C lt ti ith t k h ld l lConsultation with stakeholders; local government agencies, citizens, enterprises, community centers ※Newly amended articles
Support from
Government
Local Center for Climate Change
ActionsImplementations 12
IIMPLEMENTATION
Case 1: Cool City Pilot Projects (MOE)
Case 2: Low‐Carbon City Model Projects (MOE)
Case 3: Environmental Model Cities(Prime Minister’s Office)(Prime Minister s Office)
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Case 1: Cool City Pilot Projects
Objectives
To support private sectors in deployingFacilities to mitigate heat island effect;
•Painting to reflect sunshine,•Heat pumps,•Planting roofs, and •Greening walls
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Cool City Pilot Project
Painting to reflect sunshine
Greening roofs and walls
Planting
and walls
Watering
Air‐condition by geo‐thermal energythermal energy
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Cool City Pilot Project
Supporting System
1.Beneficiary: Private Enterprisesy p
2.Qualified Projects: Projects to mitigate j j gheat island effect and GHG emissions
3.Allocation: Government:1/2, Beneficiary:1/2y
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Before After
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Case 2:Low-Carbon City Model Projects
ObjectivesTo reform existing urban structures to low-carbon ones through full use of introduction of EST, renewable energies and reducing car traffic demand
BackgroundClimate Change Law, Amendment, June 2008
○ It required local governments to formulate the Action Plans to reduce area
g
○ It required local governments to formulate the Action Plans to reduce area-wide GHGs emissions by enhanced introduction of renewable energies, public transportation systems and planting, and
○ Policies and measures are to be reflected to urban plans and agriculture development plans
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Carbon Intensity Comparison
Kochi City Maebashi CityKochi City Maebashi City
高知市 前橋市高知市 前橋市
0.87t-CO2/person 1.21t-CO2/CO2/person
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Low-Carbon City Model Projects
Implementation Scheme
Implementation Committee; Local Government, MOE MLITS Ad i
p ; ,Transport sectors, Business sectors, Citizens
MOE MLITSupport Advice
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Low-Carbon City Model Projects
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Case 3: Environmental Model Cities
To support cities and municipalities
(Prime Minister’s Office)
To support cities and municipalities in challenging advanced activities
with ambitious GHG emissions reduction targets
Model development fora Low‐carbon Society
Sharing good practiceswith other cities anda Low carbon Society
by reducing GHG emissionswith keeping rich city life
with other cities and with cities overseas
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Environmental Model Cities
Group 1(July, 2008)
Six(6) Cities Yokohama, Kita‐kyushu, Obihiro,Toyama Shimokawa Minamata
Group 1(July, 2008)
Toyama, Shimokawa, Minamata
Group 2 (Jan. 2009)
Seven(7) CitiesKyoto, Sakai, Iida, Toyoda, Yusuhara, Miyako, Chiyoda‐ku
Selected cities are required to formulate Action Plansto implement policies and measures from April 2009
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Environmental Model CitiesS t f MOESupports from MOE
○Promotion of EST and Renewable energies,
○Supports through Low Carbon City Model Projects○Supports through Low-Carbon City Model Projects,
○Supports through Cool City Pilot Projects,
○Supports to Eco-housing and Eco-schools,
○Supports to Local Government in Leasing FCVs, andpp g ,
○Sharing Experience with Other Cities including Overseas Cities
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Global Environment Research Fund for “Low-Carbon Society
• Low‐Carbon Society is a crucial path to implement “National Strategy for Sustainable Society” (Cabinet Decision, 2007).
•Special funds are allocated to support applied researches on policies and measures towards a low•Special funds are allocated to support applied researches on policies and measures towards a low‐carbon society under Global Environment Research Fund
Researches on LowResearches on Low‐‐Carbon Carbon
To contribute to urban policiesin response to GHGs emission
SocietySociety
Research on
Nature conservation
Rural Area Projects
Urban Plan
in response to GHGs emission reduction through assessing a variety of actions
Research on low-carbon society
Industrial Structure
j
StructureEST
Long-term sinariosdevelopment
Low-Carbon Society 25
CONCLUSION (1)
Japan has been committed to its policy development towards a low carbon societydevelopment towards a low‐carbon society (LCS) at the highest political level,
Local governments play an important role in implementing P&Ms towards LCS, p g ,
It is crucial to incorporate environmental pdimensions including climate change into urban plans and structures,
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CO C S O (2)CONCLUSION (2)
It is important to disseminate lessons learned from model city approaches to the world, and
Research activities are expected to contribute to policy developmentcontribute to policy development towards LCS.
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THANK YOU!
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