Carolus Linnaeus
• Swedish
• System of naming organisms – 2 kingdoms originally
• Binomial nomenclature
2 name naming system
• Changed to 5 kingdoms, then 3 Domains
How to write a scientific name
• 1 Capitalize 1st word (genus)
• 2 Lower case for 2nd word (species)
• 3 Underline or italicize
• Examples:– Homo sapiens– Pan troglodytes
• Next time genus can be abbreviated to 1st letter H. sapiens
3 Domain Naming system• Domain - Bacteria Archaea Eukarya• Kingdom - Used to be • Monera (Bacteria); Protista; Fungi; Plantae; Animalia• Phylum• Class• Order• Family• Genus• Species
Pneumonic Device
• Domain • Kingdom • Phylum• Class• Order• Family• Genus• Species
• Dumb
• King
• Phillip
• Came
• Over
• For
• Great
• Sex
Example 1
• Domain - Eukarya• Kingdom - Animalia• Phylum - Chordata• Class Mammalia• Order Cetacea• Family Delphinidae• Genus Orcinus• Species orca
Example - Humans
• Domain - Eukarya• Kingdom - Animalia• Phylum - Chordata• Class Mammalia• Order Primata• Family Hominidae• Genus Homo• Species sapiens
Characteristics of 5 Kingdoms
• Monera (Bacteria) -Single celled
Prokaryotic Binary Fission (reproduction)
• Protista -Eukaryotic Single or Multicelled
Producers, consumers or decomposers
• Fungi -Multicellular (usually) Eukarytotic decomposer
• Plantae -Multicellular Eukarytotic producer
• Animalia -Multicellular Eukarytotic consumer
Domain Archaea
• Unicellular
• Prokaryotes• Lacks peptidoglycan in cell wall (Gram -)
• Extreme living – probably poor competitors Thermophiles – heat loving (Deep sea Thermal vents)
Halophiles – salt loving (Dead sea, Great Salt Lake)
Methanogens – produce methane Sulfur producing
Domain Bacteria
• Unicellular
• Prokaryotes• Has peptidoglycan in cell wall (Gram +)
• Can be colonial or filamentous Blue green (algae) Cyanobacteria Chemoautotrophs (probably first cells ever) Nitrogen fixing bacteria
Domain Eukarya• Kingdom Protista
• Single or Multicelled
• Eukaryotic Fungus-like (decomposers) end in –mycota
Slime molds and water molds Animal-like (consumers) move by
Cilia Flagella or Pseudopodia Plant-like photosynthetic (producers)
Diatoms Dinoflagellates or Algae-
Red; Green; Brown; or (Golden)
Domain Eukarya• Kingdom Fungi• Multicelled (usually) • Eukaryotic• Nucleus and Cell wall - chitin• DecomposerZygomycota – moldsBasidiomycota – Club fungus(Mushrooms,
puffballs, shelf fungi, rusts, smuts)Ascomycota – Sac fungi, morels, truffles,
yeast (most found in kitchen),lichens
Domain Eukarya• Kingdom Plantae
• Multicelled
• Eukaryotic
• Nucleus and Cell wall - cellulose
• Producer - photoautotroph Bryophytes (Moss, liverwort, hornwort) Pteridophytes (Club moss, horsetail, fern) Gymnosperms (Ginkgo, cycad, gnetophyte, conifer) Angiosperm (Dicot, Monocot)
Bryophytes• Live on land• No vascular tissue• Need water to reproduce (swimming
sperm, just like us)• Gametophyte generation dominant,
sporophyte dependentMossLiverwortHornwort
Pteridophytes• Live on land• Vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)• Reproduce with spores Sori - spore producing structure (on ferns)Sporophyte dominant, gametophyte independentClub mossHorsetailFern
Gymnosperms• Live on land• Vascular tissue • Seeds in cones• Sporophyte dominant,
gametophyte dependentCycadGinkgoGnetophyteConifers (pine, spruce, fir, redwood, sequoia)
Angiosperms
• Most live on land (some freshwater, 7 marine)
• Vascular tissue
• Flowers
• Sporophyte dominant,
gametophyte dependentDicots (shrubs, oak, maple trees)Monocots (grasses, palm trees)
Dicot
• Two cotyledons in seed• Branching veins in leaves• Flower petals – 4 or 5 (or multiples)• Vascular tissue in bundles in ring• Tap rootOak, Maple, aspen treesShrubsMost ornamental flowers
Monocot
• Single cotyledon in seed
• Parallel veins in leaf
• Flower petals – 3 (or multiples)
• Vascular tissue in scattered bundles
• Fibrous root ballGrassesPalmsLily, orchid, iris
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