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Dynamic Routing and RIP
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Autonomous System 100(used in same ISP network)
Autonomous System 200(used b/w different ISP)
IGPs: RIP, IGRP EGPs: BGP (Border Gateway Protocol
Autonomous Systems: Interior or Exterior
Routing Protocols
An autonomous system is one network or sets of networks under a single administrativecontrol and with common routing policies.
An autonomous system might be the set of all computer networks owned by a company
IGPs operate within an autonomous system
EGPs connect different autonomous systems
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Autonomous Numbers
1239 Sprintlink U.S. Domestic
3356 Level 3
7018 AT&T WorldNet
209 Qwest
3561
Cable and Wireless (aq'd by
SAVVIS)
3549 Global Crossing
2914 Verio
6461 AboveNet
702 UUnet (International)
1299 TeliaNet
5511 OpenTransit
5459 LINX
16631 Cogent
6453 Teleglobe
you can use any of the ASnumbers 64512 through 65535.
However, these numbers shouldNOT be seen on the globalInternet
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Classes of Routing ProtocolsClasses of Routing Protocols
Distance Vector
Hybrid Routing
Link StateCC
BB
AA
DD
CC
DD
BB
AA
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Distance Vector Routing Protocol
Adistance-vector routing protocol is one of the two major
classes of routing protocols used in packet-switched
networks for computer communications.
A distance-vector routing protocol requires that a router
informs its neighbors of topology changes periodically and, in
some cases, when a change is detected in the topology of a
network.
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Distance Vector Protocol
Distance Distance is the cost of reaching a destination, usually
based on the number of hosts the path passes through.
Vector path selected by the routing protocol as the best pathto the destination network.
E.g. RIP Routing Internet Protocol
IGRP- Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
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Distance Vector Routing ProtocolsDistance Vector Routing Protocols
Pass periodic copies of routing table to neighborrouters and accumulate distance vectors
CC
DD
BB
AA
CC BB AADD
Routing
Table
Routing
Table
Routing
Table
Routing
Table
DistanceHow farVectorIn which direction
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Distance VectorMaintaining Routing
Information
Distance VectorMaintaining Routing
Information
Updates proceed step-by-stepfrom router to router
AABB
Process toupdate this
routingtable
Process toupdate this
routingtable
Topologychangecausesrouting
tableupdate
Router A sendsout this updated
routing tableafter the
next periodexpires
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Routers discover the best path todestinations from each neighbor
AA BB CC
10.1.0.0 10.2.0.0 10.3.0.0 10.4.0.0
E0 S0 S0 S1 S0 E0
Routing Table
10.2.0.0
10.3.0.0
0
0
S0
S1
Routing Table
10.3.0.0 S0 0
10.4.0.0 E0 0
Routing Table
10.1.0.0
10.2.0.0
E0
S0
0
0
Distance VectorSources of Information and
Discovering Routes
Distance VectorSources of Information and
Discovering Routes
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Routers discover the best path todestinations from each neighbor
AA BB CC
10.1.0.0 10.2.0.0 10.3.0.0 10.4.0.0
E0 S0 S0 S1 S0 E0
Routing Table
10.1.0.0
10.2.0.0
10.3.0.0
Routing Table
10.2.0.0
10.3.0.0
10.4.0.0
10.1.0.0
0
0
1
1
S0
S1
S1
S0
Routing Table
10.3.0.0 S0 0
10.4.0.0 E0 0
10.2.0.0 S0 1
E0
S0
S0 1
0
0
Distance VectorSources of Information and
Discovering Routes
Distance VectorSources of Information and
Discovering Routes
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Link-State Routing Protocols
Link-state protocols are those which requires arouter to inform all the nodes in a network oftopology changes
It has lots of computational complexity and messageoverhead.
Link state protocols know whether a link is up ordown and how fast it is and calculates a cost to 'get
there. link state protocols require more processing power
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makes decisions based on metric information it receives fromneighbors, and it employs some of the mechanisms of link-stateprotocols.
It establishes contact with neighboring routers, sends only changes in
its updates. E.g. Enhanced IGRP
Hybrid RoutingHybrid RoutingChoose a
routing path based
on distance vectors
Converge rapidly usingchange-based
updates
Balanced Hybrid Routing
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ProtocolsTwo types of protocols
1. Routing protocols RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF
2. Routed Protocols TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, Apple Talk
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19.2 kbps
T1
T1 T1
Hop count metric selects the path
Maximum hops it support is 15
RIP v1 is a Class full routing &RIP v2 is Classless Routing
RIP OverviewRIP Overview
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Defines an IP routing protocol
Router(config)#router protocol [keyword]
Mandatory configuration command for eachIP routing process
Identifies the physically connected network thatrouting updates are forwarded to
Router(config-router)#network
Dynamic RoutingC
onfigurationDynamic RoutingC
onfiguration
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Starts the RIP routing process
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#network
Selects participating attached networks The network number must be a major classful
network number
RIPC
onfigurationRIPC
onfiguration
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RIPC
onfiguration Example
Router B (config)#router rip
Router B (config-router)#network 20.0.0.0Router B (config-router)#network 30.0.0.0
10.16.1.1
S2E0 S3
40.168.1.120.1.1.1 30.2.2.220.1.1.2
S2 S3
30.2.2.3
10.16.1.0 A B C40.168.1.0
E0
Router A (config)#router rip
Router A (config-router)#network 10.0.0.0Router A (config-router)#network 20.0.0.0
Router C (config)#router rip
Router C (config-router)#network 30.0.0.0Router C (config-router)#network 40.0.0.0
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RIP Timer Value
10.16.1.1
S2E0 S3
40.168.1.120.1.1.1 30.2.2.220.1.1.2
S2 S3
30.2.2.3
10.16.1.0 A B C40.168.1.0
E0
Router update Timer : 30 seconds
Router invalid timer : 180 seconds
Holddown timer : 180 seconds
Router flush timer : 240 seconds
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RIP Timer value
Update timer: Update interval for routing table Invalid timer: If a router does not receive an
advertisement for a route in 180 seconds, the route is
marked as unreachable. Hold down timer: interval for routing information to be
stored.
Flush timer: will force the route to be flushed (removed)from the routing table
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RIPC
onfiguration Example
10.16.1.1
S2E0 S3
40.168.1.120.1.1.1 30.2.2.220.1.1.2
S2 S3
30.2.2.3
10.16.1.0 A B C40.168.1.0
E0
Router (config)#router ripRouter (config-router)# timer basic Router (config-router)# timer basic 30 180 180 240
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Verifying the Routing ProtocolRIP
172.16.1.1
S2E0 S3
192.168.1.110.1.1.1 10.2.2.210.1.1.2
S2 S3
10.2.2.3172.16.1.0 A B C 192.168.1.0
E0
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Verifying the Routing ProtocolRIPRouterA#sh ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "rip"
Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 0 seconds
Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is
Redistributing: rip
Default version control: send version 1, receive any version
Interface Send Recv Key-chain
Ethernet0 1 1 2
Serial2 1 1 2
Routing for Networks:
10.0.0.0
172.16.0.0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
10.1.1.2 120 00:00:10
Distance: (default is 120)
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Command to view the Routing Table
172.16.1.1
S2E0 S3
192.168.1.110.1.1.1 10.2.2.210.1.1.2
S2 S3
10.2.2.3
172.16.1.0A B C
192.168.1.0E0
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Command to view the Routing TableRouterA#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default
U- per-user static route, o - O
DRT - traffic engineered route
Gateway of last resort is not set
172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
R 10.2.2.0 [120/1] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:07, Serial2
C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial2
R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/2] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:07, Serial2
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