City, University of London Institutional Repository
Citation: Priego, E. (2013). Open Access Now! Research notes in the form of a deck of slides assembled by Ernesto Priego for the Open Access debate organised by Roger Sabin at Central Saint Martins, University of the Arts, London, Monday 18 March 2013.. Paper presented at the Open Access debate, 18 March 2013, Central Saint Martins, University of the Arts, London.
This is the published version of the paper.
This version of the publication may differ from the final published version.
Permanent repository link: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8422/
Link to published version: http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.654622
Copyright and reuse: City Research Online aims to make research outputs of City, University of London available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyright holders. URLs from City Research Online may be freely distributed and linked to.
City Research Online: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/ [email protected]
City Research Online
OpenAccessNow!
DrErnestoPriego,CityUniversityLondon@ernestopriego
ResearchnotesintheformofadeckofslidesassembledbyErnestoPriegofortheOpenAccessdebateorganisedbyRogerSabinatCentralSaintMartins,UniversityoftheArts,London,Monday18March2013.
TooMuchTextonTheseSlides!
• Yes.Theseslidesaremeanttobeaccessedopenlyonlineandreadasadeckofresearchcardsornotes.
• Theydonotnecessarilyrepresentwhatwasshowninsitu.• Thisisatypeofopenaccessscholarlyoutputoreducational
resource.Ittooksometimeandeffort(i.e.£)tocreate.• Lessthan20peopleattendedtheevent.Thisisnormaland
evensuccessfulinmanycasesofacademicevents.ManymorewillhopefullygetanideaofwhatIdiscussedthroughthisresource.
• TheseresearchnoteswerepublishedonlineaftertheeventtheywerecreatedforasaPDFandarelicensedbyErnestoPriegounderaCreativeCommonsAttribution3.0UnportedLicense.
“Youneverchangethingsbyfightingtheexistingreality.
Tochangesomething,buildanewmodelthatmakestheexistingmodelobsolete.”
‐BuckminsterFuller,
AmericanArchitect(1895‐1983)
DigitalScholarship
Scholarsengagedindigitalscholarship:• haveadvanceddigitalliteracyskills• self‐archive• filterandsharewithothers• blogabouttheirresearch• publishinopenaccessjournals• commentopenlyontheworksofothers• buildnetworks
(AfterTerryAnderson,2009;MartinWeller,2011)
• Scholarsask:allcool,butwhorewards/incentivises/fundsallthis?
ScholarlyOutputs(Cronin2012)
From1970:• Workingpaper• Occasionalpaper• Preprint• Conferencepaper• Journalarticle• Letters• Researchnotes• Monograph• Bookreview• Literaturereview
From2010:• Sameas1970plus…
Journalarticleandsupplementarymaterials
• Hyperlinkedarticles• Tweets• Blogs• Videos(YouTube)• E‐preprints• Webpages• Webinars/podcastsetc.
Scholarship=Dissemination• Nolongercompletelydifferenttasks• Theharderitistofindsomething,theharderitistoaccessit• Theharderitistoaccesssomething,theharderitistofindan
audience• Theharderitistofindanaudience,theharderitistocreate
sustainableengagement• Theharderitistocreatesustainableengagement,theharderitisto
haveanimpact• Ifitcan’tbeaccessed,itwon’tberead• Ifitcan’tberead,itwon’tbecited• Again,sameissue:sincenoteveryonedoesitnaturally,anofficial
systemofincentives/rewardsneedstoallocatefinancial,infrastructural,timeresourcesforthis
http://www.oercommons.org/http://creativecommons.org/
Inaworldbasedinsharingandreusing(theWeb)attribution,reciprocityandfeedbackare
thekeybestpractices
GreatestanxietiesaboutOpenAccessrightnowarearoundIntellectualproperty,plagiarism,copyrightlawinthedigitalage.WeneedtostudyandcommunicatebetterhowexistinglegalframeworksinteractwithexistingCreativeCommonslicensesandinstitutionalfundingandpublisher’spolicies
OpenAccessExplained*JorgeCham(2012)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L5rVH1KGBCY
*OpenAccessisnotonlyfor“scientists”!
TheRealCost• Forbetterorworse,theWebistheprimarygatewaytoinformation
searchandaccess• Whatisnotaccessedisnotused• IntheWeb,frictionreducesattentionandusage• Paradigmshiftintheattentioneconomyandtheeconomicsof
onlineattention:ifthere’sapaywallyouwilljumpoveritwithoutpaying
• Weneedmorehonestyinwhyacademicworkispublishedinnon‐OAjournalsthatareexpensive,restrictiveanddifficulttofind
• Academicsalreadypaytowriteandpublisharticlesinpaywalledjournalsevenifnotdirectly
• Weneedscholarsformarts,humanitiesandsocialsciencesfieldstoengageinacriticalrevisionofcopyright,lincensing,functionsofacademicpublishing
OA:NoPaywall
• Open‐access(OA)literatureisdigital,online,freeofcharge[tothereader;insomecasestoauthorsthroughwaivers],and[ideally]freeofmostcopyrightandlicensingrestrictions[throughCreativeCommonslicenses].
• WhatmakesitpossibleistheInternetandtheconsentoftheauthororcopyright‐holder.
(PeterSuber2008)
CompatiblewithResearchExcellence
• OAisentirelycompatiblewithpeerreview,andallthemajorOAinitiativesforscientificandscholarlyliteratureinsistonitsimportance.
• Justasauthorsofjournalarticlesdonatetheirlabor,sodomostjournaleditorsandrefereesparticipatinginpeerreview.
(PeterSuber2008)
OAisNotFreetoProduce
• OAliteratureisnotfreetoproduce,evenifitislessexpensivetoproducethanconventionallypublishedliterature.
• Thequestionisnotwhetherscholarlyliteraturecanbemadecostless,butwhethertherearebetterwaystopaythebillsthanbychargingreadersandcreatingaccessbarriers.
• BusinessmodelsforpayingthebillsdependonhowOAisdelivered.
(PeterSuber2008)
OAReducesFriction
SPARC2004
MoreEvidence
(Hajjem,HarnadandGingras,2005)
Hajjem,HarnadandGingras,2005
• “Ten‐YearCross‐DisciplinaryComparisonoftheGrowthofOpenAccessandHowitIncreasesResearchCitationImpact”
• Papersonopenaccessjournalshaveahighercitationimpactthannon‐OAjournals
OACanIncreaseImpact
“Inordertomaximisetheimpactoftheirresearch,researchersneedtomakeitOpenAccess”
–RobertKiley,HeadofDigitalServices, WellcomeTrust(LSEFutureofAcademicImpactsconference,London,5December2012)
OnlinePresence=Citations
• CitationsinWikipediacorrelatewithJCRdata(Nielsen,2007)
• Articlesinthetopquartileoftweetswere11timesmorelikelytobeintopquartileofcitations2yearslater(Eysenbach,2012)
• Positivecorrelationsbetweeninclusioninreferencemanagersandcitation(Bar‐Ilan,2012;Lietal.2011;Priemetal.,2012)
• Downloadspredict/correlatewithsubsequentcitation(Brodyetal.,2006).
(Cronin2012)
Tweeting,BloggingandOARepositories
• “Ifyoutellpeopleaboutyourresearch,theylookatit.Yourresearchwillgetlookedatmorethanpaperswhicharenotpromotedviasocialmedia”
• “beforeIbloggedandtweetedthem,hadonetotwodownloads,eveniftheyhadbeenintherepositoryformonths(oryears,insomecases).Uponbloggingandtweeting,within24hours,therewereonaverageseventydownloadsofmypapers”MelissaTerras(2012).
TwoMainPaths
• TherearetwoprimaryvehiclesfordeliveringOAtoresearcharticles:
1. OAjournalsand2. OAarchivesorrepositories.
(PeterSuber,2004)
PeterSuberonOAJournals
• “OAjournalsperformpeerreviewandthenmaketheapprovedcontentsfreelyavailabletotheworld.
• Theirexpensesconsistofpeerreview,manuscriptpreparation,andserverspace.
• OAjournalspaytheirbillsverymuchthewaybroadcasttelevisionandradiostationsdo:thosewithaninterestindisseminatingthecontentpaytheproductioncostsupfrontsothataccesscanbefreeofchargeforeveryonewiththerightequipment.
• Sometimesthismeansthatjournalshaveasubsidyfromthehostinguniversityorprofessionalsociety.Sometimesitmeansthatjournalschargeaprocessingfeeonacceptedarticles,tobepaidbytheauthorortheauthor’ssponsor(employer,fundingagency).”
ArticleProcessingCharges(APCs)
• OAjournalsthatchargeprocessingfeesusuallywaivethemincasesofeconomichardship.OAjournalswithinstitutionalsubsidiestendtochargenoprocessingfees.
• OAjournalscangetbyonlowersubsidiesorfeesiftheyhaveincomefromotherpublications,advertising,pricedadd‐ons,orauxiliaryservices.Someinstitutionsandconsortiaarrangefeediscounts.
• SomeOApublisherswaivethefeeforallresearchersaffiliatedwithinstitutionsthathavepurchasedanannualmembership.
• There’salotofroomforcreativityinfindingwaystopaythecostsofapeer‐reviewedOAjournal,andwe’refarfromhavingexhaustedourclevernessandimagination.
(PeterSuber,2008)
PeterSuberonOAArchivesandRepositories
• OAArchivesorrepositories:OAarchivesorrepositoriesdonotperformpeerreview,butsimplymaketheircontentsfreelyavailabletotheworld.Theymaycontainunrefereedpreprints,refereedpostprints,orboth.
• Archivesmaybelongtoinstitutions,suchasuniversitiesandlaboratories,ordisciplines,suchasphysicsandeconomics.Authorsmayarchivetheirpreprintswithoutanyoneelse’spermission,andamajorityofjournalsalreadypermitauthorstoarchivetheirpostprints.
PeterSuberonOAArchivesandRepositories
• WhenarchivescomplywiththemetadataharvestingprotocoloftheOpenArchivesInitiative,thentheyareinteroperableanduserscanfindtheircontentswithoutknowingwhicharchivesexist,wheretheyarelocated,orwhattheycontain.
• Thereisnowopen‐sourcesoftwareforbuildingandmaintainingOAI‐compliantarchivesandworldwidemomentumforusingit.Thecostsofanarchivearenegligible:someserverspaceandafractionofthetimeofatechnician.expensesconsistofpeerreview,manuscriptpreparation,andserverspace.
OpenAccess:UnlockingWhatYouDo,SoWhatYouDoGetsRead!
TwoCurrentOfficialRoutes
• Green:authorsdepositcopyofpre‐printorpost‐printinan“institutionalrepository”orotheropenweb‐site– Over600openrepositoriesalreadyestablishedworld‐wide
• Gold:authorspublishinpeer‐reviewedjournalsfundedbypublicationcharges(APCs)ratherthanbylibrarysubscriptions
UKOA:FinchReport
• “Accessibility,sustainability,excellence:howtoexpandaccesstoresearchpublications.ReportoftheWorkingGrouponExpandingAccesstoPublishedResearchFindings”,DameJudeFinchOBE,June2012
• Publicly‐fundedresearchneedstobeaccessiblebythepublicwhofundedthatresearch.
FindthatPolicy!http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/
27
A cloud based research data management system where you can:
Alternatives!“GetCreditforAllYourResearch”(withDOIs!)
http://figshare.com/
Manage your research outputs privately and securely
Make your research outputs citable, sharable, discoverable
Figshare:AnAlternativeModelofWebSelfarchiving(withDOIs!)
AWholeNewGame(biologicalandmedicalsciences)
https://peerj.com/
“PeerJisanOpenAccesspublisherofscholarlyarticles.Weaimtodrivethecostsofpublishingdown,whileimprovingtheoverallpublishingexperience,andprovidingauthorswithapublicationvenuesuitableforthe21stCentury.”
OpenLibraryofHumanities
AimstoprovideaplatformforOpenAccesspublishingthatis:
• Reputableandrespectedthroughrigorouspeerreview
• Sustainable• Digitallypreservedandsafely
archivedinperpetuity• Non‐profit• Openinbothmonetaryand
permissionterms• Non‐discriminatory(APCsare
waiverable)• Technicallyinnovativeinresponseto
theneedsofscholarsandlibrarians• Asolutiontotheserialscrisis
https://www.openlibhums.org/
UbiquityPresshttp://www.ubiquitypress.com/
“Openaccesspublisherofpeer‐reviewed,academicjournals.Ourflexiblepublishingmodelmakesjournalsaffordable,andenablesresearchersaroundtheworldtofindandaccesstheinformationtheyneed,withoutbarriers.”
Yes,PolicyisNotPerfect…
• …butthesolutioncannotbetogoondoingthingsasusual.
• HowcanartsandHSSscholarsengageinaconstructivecritiqueofpoliciesthathavealreadybeendecided?
• HowcanweproactivelyandimaginativelydevelopinnovativeOAmechanismsthatreflectthedifferentscholarlycultures(needs,opportunities,challenges)ofartsandHSSfields?
Sources• Cham,Jorge(2012)“OpenAccessExplained”PhDComics,alsoavailableon
YouTube,http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L5rVH1KGBCY• Priego,Ernesto(2012)“StrategiestoGetyourResearchMentionedOnline”,
Altmetricblog,http://altmetric.com/blog/strategies‐to‐get‐your‐research‐mentioned‐online/.
• Priego,Ernesto(2012)‘Insightsfrom“TheFutureofAcademicImpact”’,Altmetricblog,http://altmetric.com/blog/insights‐from‐the‐future‐of‐academic‐impact/.
• Priego,Ernesto(2012)“Insightsfrom“TheNumbersGame”,lecturebyBlaiseCronin”,Altmetricblog,http://altmetric.com/blog/insights‐from‐the‐numbers‐game‐lecture‐by‐blaise‐cronin/
• Suber,Peter,(2008)“AVeryBriefIntroductiontoOpenAccess”http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/brief.htm
• SPARC(2004)“OpenAccess”,reportavailableviaOpenAccessWeekhttp://www.openaccessweek.org/page/downloads‐2
• Othersourcesusedarereferencedinmyblogpostslistedaboveorontheslidesthemselves.
Thankyou!
• Directfeedback:• @ernestopriego,
• http://epriego.wordpress.com/
• Formorediscussion:#OpenAccess#OA
• ThisdeckofresearchnotesislicensedbyErnestoPriegounderaCreativeCommonsAttribution3.0UnportedLicense.
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